East Thrace

East Thrace (blue) within the Marmara Region.

East Thrace landscape in Edirne Province.

Eastern Thrace within the entire Thrace

East Thrace or Eastern Thrace (Turkish: Doğu Trakya or simply Trakya; Greek: Ανατολική Θράκη, Anatoliki Thraki; Bulgarian: Източна Тракия, Iztochna Trakiya), also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of the modern Republic of Turkey that is geographically part of Southeast Europe, all in the eastern part of the historical region of Thrace. The area includes all the territories of the Turkish provinces of Edirne, Tekirdağ and Kırklareli, as well as those territories on the European Continent of the provinces of Çanakkale and Istanbul.

Geography

East Thrace has an area of 23,764 km² (3 percent of the country) and a population of about 10 million people (about 12 percent of the total); the population density is around 430 people/km², compared to about 80 people/km² for Asiatic Turkey, which is also called Anatolia or Asia Minor. The two are separated by the Dardanelles, the Bosphorus (collectively known as the Turkish Straits) and the Sea of Marmara, a route of about 361 km. The southernmost part of Eastern Thrace is called the Gallipoli peninsula. European Turkey is bordered on the west by Greece for 212 km and on the north by Bulgaria for 269 km, with the Aegean Sea to the south-west and the Black Sea to the north-east.

River Maritsa (Turkish: Meriç), border of West and East Thrace.

History

See also: History of Thrace and History of Western Thrace

East Thrace was the setting for several important historical events.

• The Greek myth of Hero and Leander takes place in the ancient city of Sestus.
• Aeneas founded the city of Aenus while trying to find new lands during his mythological conquests.
• After the death of Alexander the Great, in the period called the Diadochi, Alexander's general Lysimachus (360-281 BC) became king of Thrace and established his capital in Lysimachia.
• Çimpe Castle was the first European territory held by the Ottoman Empire.
• Edirne was the second capital of the Ottoman Empire after Bursa.
• The Gallipoli Campaign, one of the most important of the First World War, was fought near the city of Gelibolu.

• 

  Hero and Leander

• 

  Coin of Lysimachus

• 

  Selimiye Mosque, Edirne

• V Beach Helles Gallipoli.jpg

  Beach Hellas, in the Gallipoli Campaign

Prior to the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the distribution of nationalities in the local Sanjaks was as follows:

Ottoman Official Statistics, 1910
Sanjak	Turks	Greeks	Bulgarians	Others	Total
Edirne	128,000	113,500	31,500	14,700	287,700
Kırk Kilise	53,000	77,000	28,500	1,150	159,650
Tekirdağ	63,500	56,000	3,000	21,800	144,300
Gallipoli	31,500	70,500	2,000	3,200	107,200
Çatalca	18,000	48,500	N/A	2,340	68,840
Istanbul	450,000	260,000	6,000	130,000	846,000
Total %	744,000 46.11%	625,500 38.76%	71,000 4.40%	173,190 10.74%	1,613,690
Ecumenical Patriarchate Statistics, 1912
Total %	604,500 36.20%	655,600 39.27%	71,800 4.30%	337,600 20.22%	1,669,500

Provinces

The region includes all of the three provinces of Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ, as well as the European parts of the two provinces of Çanakkale and İstanbul.

Province	Area (km2)	Population (2012 census)	Population density (per km2)
Provinces formerly in the Vilayet of Edirne:
Edirne	6,279	399,708	63.7
Kırklareli	6,550	341,218	52.1
Tekirdağ	6,218	852,321	137.1
Sub-total	19,047	1,593,247	83.6
İstanbul (European part)	3,421	8,963,431	2620.1
Çanakkale (European part)	1,296	64,061	49.4
Total	23,764	10,620,739	446.9

See also

• Geography of Turkey
• Thrace
• Northern Thrace
• Western Thrace
• Edirne Vilayet

External links

• Eastern Thrace travel guide from Wikivoyage