Emirate of Harar

The Emirate of Harar was founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. Like all Muslim states in the area, the Emirate of Harar was technically under the protection of the Ottoman Empire as a de jure part of Habesh Eyalet after 1554, and this vague suzerainty would be transferred to the Egypt Eyalet in 1818 following the Ottoman–Wahhabi War and would, along with the Sudan, become part of the Khedivate of Egypt. Egypt pressed its claim to Harar and annexed the city state in 1875. The British Empire defeated the Khedivate and occupied its territories in 1882 including Harar, but the British agreed to evacuate Harar and essentially cede the city to the Ethiopian Empire's sphere of influence in exchange for assistance against Mahdist forces in Sudan (the Hewett treaty). As per the terms of their agreement, the British withdrew from Harar in 1884, leaving the city to the son of the former Emir of Harar with a few hundred rifles, some cannon and a handful of British trained officers. The Emirate would be finally destroyed and annexed by the armies of Negus Sahle Maryam of Showa (the future Emperor Menelik II) in 1887 following the Emirate's defeat at the Battle of Chelenqo.

Emirs of Harar (Ali Dynasty)

	Name	Reign	Note
1	Emīr ʿAli ibn Dā'ūd	1647–1662	Founder of the Emirate of Harar
2	Emīr Hāshim ibn ʿAli	1662–1671	Son of Emīr ʿAli
3	Emīr ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAli	1671–1700	Son of Emīr ʿAli
4	Emīr Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah	1700–1721	Son of Emīr ʿAbdullah
5	Emīr Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdullah	1721–1732	Son of Emīr ʿAbdullah
6	Emīr Khalaf ibn Abūbakar	1732–1733	Son of Emīr Abūbakar
7	Emīr Ḥāmid ibn Abūbakar	1733–1747	Son of Emīr Abūbakar
8	Emīr Yūsuf ibn Abūbakar	1747–1755	Son of Emīr Abūbakar
9	Emīr Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar	1755–1782	Son of Emīr Abūbakar
10	Emīr Maḥamed ibn Yūsuf	1782–1783	Son of Emīr Yūsuf
11	Emīr ʿAbdalshakūr ibn Yūsuf	1783–1794	Son of Emīr Yūsuf
12	Emīr Aḥmed ibn Maḥamed	1794–1821	Son of Emīr Maḥamed
13	Emīr ʿAbdalraḥmān ibn Maḥamed	1821–1825	Son of Emīr Maḥamed
14	Emīr ʿAbdulkarīm ibn Maḥamed	1825–1834	Son of Emīr Maḥamed
15	Emīr Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdalmanān	1834–1852	Grandson of Emīr Maḥamed
16	Emīr Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar	1852–1866	Son of Emīr Abūbakar
17	Emīr Maḥamed ibn ʿAbdalshakūr	1866–1875	Son of Emīr ʿAbdalshakūr, deposed by the Khedivate of Egypt
--	Khedivate of Egypt	1875–1884	Egypt annexed Harar in 1875, withdrawing in 1884 due to the British takeover of Egypt and subsequent British-Abyssinian agreements
18	Emīr ʿAbdullah ibn Maḥamed	1884–1887	Son of Emīr Maḥamed (17), his rule and Harar's briefly renewed independence were both ended by the invasion of Harar by the Shewa kingdom in 1887.

See also

• Sultanate of Harar