Enigma (2001 film)

Enigma
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Michael Apted
Produced by	Mick Jagger Lorne Michaels
Screenplay by	Tom Stoppard
Based on	Enigma by Robert Harris
Starring	Dougray Scott Kate Winslet Jeremy Northam Saffron Burrows Tom Hollander
Music by	John Barry
Cinematography	Seamus McGarvey
Edited by	Rick Shaine
Production company	Jagged Films Broadway Video
Distributed by	BVI (UK) Manhattan Pictures (US)
Release dates	22 January 2001 (2001-01-22) (Sundance) 18 August 2001 (2001-08-18) (Edinburgh) 28 September 2001 (2001-09-28) (UK) 19 April 2002 (2002-04-19) (US)
Running time	119 min.
Country	United Kingdom United States
Language	English
Box office	$15,705,007 (Worldwide)

Enigma is a 2001 Espionage thriller film directed by Michael Apted from a screenplay by Tom Stoppard. The script was adapted from the novel Enigma by Robert Harris, about the Enigma codebreakers of Bletchley Park in the Second World War.

Although the story is highly fictionalised, the process of encrypting German messages during World War II and decrypting them with the Enigma is discussed in detail, and the historical event of the Katyn massacre is highlighted. This was the final film to be scored by John Barry.

Plot

The story, loosely based on actual events, takes place in March 1943, when the Second World War was at its height. The cryptanalysts at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, have a problem: the Nazi U-boats have changed one of their code reference books used for Enigma machine ciphers, leading to a blackout in the flow of vital naval signals intelligence. The British cryptanalysts have cracked the "Shark" cipher once before, and they need to do it again in order to keep track of U-boat locations.

The film begins with Jericho returning to Bletchley after a month recovering from a nervous breakdown brought on by his failed love affair with Claire. Jericho immediately tries to see her again and finds that she mysteriously disappeared a few days earlier. He enlists the help of Claire's housemate Hester Wallace, to follow the trail of clues and learn what has happened to Claire.

Mr. Jericho and Miss Wallace, as they formally address each other, work to decipher intercepts stolen by Claire and determine why she took them. Jericho is closely watched by an MI5 agent, Wigram (Jeremy Northam), who plays cat and mouse with him throughout the film. Meanwhile, U-boats closing in on one of the ship convoys from America allow Jericho and the team to work on breaking back into reading Shark.

Jericho and Hester's research uncovers the British government's cover-up of the Katyn Massacre out of fear that the knowledge of it might weaken American willingness to remain in the war on the same side as Joseph Stalin.

Cryptanalyst Jozef 'Puck' Pukowski (Nikolaj Coster Waldau), working at Bletchley, learned of Katyn from Claire and was so incensed by the massacre – which claimed the life of his brother – that he set about betraying Bletchley's secrets to the Nazis in order to take revenge on Stalin.

Claire is presumed dead as Jericho trails Puck to Scotland and catches up with him just as he is about to be taken on board a U-boat, but Wigram and the police have been waiting for the sub and it is bombed and sunk.

A short scene after the war sees Jericho and Hester married with a child on the way. As Jericho waits for her in London, he notices Claire walking across the square.

Cast

• Dougray Scott - Tom Jericho
• Kate Winslet - Hester Wallace
• Saffron Burrows - Claire Romilly
• Jeremy Northam - Mr Wigram
• Nikolaj Coster Waldau - Jozef 'Puck' Pukowski
• Tom Hollander - Guy Logie
• Donald Sumpter - Leveret
• Matthew Macfadyen - Cave
• Robert Pugh - Skynner
• Corin Redgrave - Admiral Trowbridge
• Nicholas Rowe - Villiers
• Edward Hardwicke - Heaviside

Production and premiere

The scaled-down model of a Second World War U-boat used in the film. The model was donated to the Bletchley Park museum.

The film was shot on location in England, Scotland and the Netherlands, with Bletchley Park mansion substituted by Chicheley Hall. Other locations include the Great Central Railway, Loughborough and Tigh Beg Croft, Oban, isles of Scotland. Interiors were filmed at Elstree Film Studios.

The film was produced by Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones. Jagger makes a cameo appearance as an RAF officer at a dance. He also lent the film's design department a four-rotor Enigma encoding machine he owned to ensure the historical accuracy of one of the props. The festivities around the London premiere of the film are shown in the 2001 documentary Being Mick.

Reception

Critical reviews were largely positive, although there was criticism of the largely fictional storyline which does not mention the real codebreaker Alan Turing, and does not give due credit to the Polish cryptanalysis foundation Cipher Bureau. The film holds a 'fresh' 72% rating on review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus reading, 'The well-crafted, twist-filled Enigma is a thinking person's spy thriller.' Joe Leydon of Variety compared the film to works by Alfred Hitchcock, and remarked that, 'Overall, "Enigma" plays fair and square while generating suspense with its twisty plot. And while it requires a generous suspension of disbelief to accept a few action-hero gestures by the deeply troubled Jericho, Scott is persuasive and compelling enough as his complex character to drive the narrative.'

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars and said, 'What I like about the movie is its combination of suspense and intelligence. If it does not quite explain exactly how decryption works (how could it?), it at least gives us a good idea of how decrypters work, and we understand how crucial Bletchley was--so crucial its existence was kept a secret for 30 years.' On the other end, Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly was far less impressed, saying, 'The legend of how the British cracked the almighty Enigma must have sounded, on paper, like a nifty mathematical thriller—a historic WarGames set at the formative moment of the computer age. On screen, however, Enigma plays as if the scriptwriter, Tom Stoppard, and the director, Michael Apted, were themselves cryptographers; they seem to be making hunt-and-peck stabs at how to translate a tale of arcane numeric formulas into drama.'

Historical Criticism

The film—and by association the book—have attracted criticism for their portrayal of the Polish role in Enigma decryption. The historian Norman Davies argues that in the film the fictitious traitor turns out to be Polish, while only slight mention is made of the contributions of prewar Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologists to Allied Enigma decryption efforts, while historically, the only known traitor active at Bletchley Park was British spy John Cairncross, who passed crucial secrets to the Soviet Union.

See also

• The Imitation Game - A 2014 biopic of Turing and the real Enigma machine.
• U-571 - A 2000 war film involving the capture of an Enigma machine.
• Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
• Ultra

External links

• Enigma at IMDb
• Enigma at Rotten Tomatoes
• Enigma at Box Office Mojo
• Review by Andrew Hodges