Erwin Jaenecke

Erwin Jaenecke
Born	22 April 1890 Freren, Province of Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died	3 July 1960 (1960-07-04) (aged 70) Köln, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany
Allegiance	German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany (to 1945)
Service/branch	Heer
Years of service	1911–45
Rank	Generaloberst
Commands held	Deutsche 17. Armee
Battles/wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Order of Michael the Brave

Erwin Jaenecke (22 April 1890 – 3 July 1960), was a German Colonel General. He served during World War II against Poland, France and the Soviet Union.

Erwin Jaenecke fought in the First World War and started the Second World War as Oberquartiermeister with the 8th Armee in Poland. Later he served in Belgium and France.

On the Eastern Front, he served as commander of the 389th infantry Division and later the IV. Armeekorps. He was wounded at the Battle of Stalingrad and flown out as one of the last higher officers.
In April 1943 he commanded the LXXXII. Armeekorps, and from 25 June the 17th Army in the Caucasus and later the Crimean Peninsula.
In a 29 April 1944 meeting with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden, Jaenecke insisted that Sevastopol should be evacuated and his cut off Army of 235.000 men withdrawn. He was relieved of his command afterward.

Later, he was held responsible for the loss of Crimea, arrested in Romania and court-martialed. Heinz Guderian was appointed as a special investigator in the case. Guderian proceeded slowly and eventually Jaenecke was quietly acquitted in June 1944. Jaenecke was dismissed from the army on 31 January 1945.

On 15 June 1945 he was arrested by the Soviets and condemned to death. His sentence was converted to 25 years of hard labor. He was released in 1955 and returned to Germany, after the agreement of Konrad Adenauer with the Soviet Union.

Awards

• Iron Cross (1914) 2nd and 1st Class
• Friedrich August Cross, 2nd and 1st Class (Oldenburg)
• War Merit Cross (Brunswick), 2nd Class
• Lippe House Order with Swords
• Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 1st Class
• Anschluss Medal
• Sudetenland Medal with Prague Castle Bar
• Spanish Cross
• Clasp to the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class
• Wound Badge (1939) in Black
• Infantry Assault Badge in Silver
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 October 1942
• German Cross in Gold on 2 January 1943
• Order of Michael the Brave 3rd and 2nd Class

References

Bibliography

Military offices
Preceded by —	Commander of 389. Infanterie-Division 1 February 1942 – 1 November 1942	Succeeded by Generalmajor Erich Magnus
Preceded by Richard Ruoff	Commander of 17. Armee 25 June 1943 – 1 March 1944	Succeeded by Ferdinand Schörner
Preceded by Ferdinand Schörner	Commander of 17. Armee 1 April 1944 – 28 April 1944	Succeeded by Karl Allmendinger