Faculty of Law of Paris

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This article is about the historical Faculty of Law (and Economics) of Paris (12th century – 1970). It is not to be confused with the University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Paris (1971–...), its direct inheritor which in 1990 took the name "Panthéon-Assas University".
Faculty of Law of Paris
Faculté de droit de Paris
Other name
  • c. 1100 – 1229: École de droit de Paris
  • 1229–1679: Consultissima decretorum facultas (Faculty of Canon Law)
  • 1679–1793: Faculté de droit civil et canonique
  • 1802–1896: École de droit de Paris
  • 1896–1950s: Faculté de droit de Paris
  • 1950s–1970: Faculté de droit et d'économie de Paris
Active 12th century–1970 (1970)

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File:Faculté de droit de Paris, France.jpg
The structure designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot for the Paris Law Faculty, on place du Panthéon
File:Cartouche façade Université Panthéon-Assas.jpg
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The Faculty of Law of Paris (French: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, was one of the oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the five[1] faculties of the University of Paris ("the Sorbonne"), from around 1150–1200 until 1970.

During the Middle Ages, with the faculty of law of the University of Bologna, it was one of the two most important faculties of law in the world.[2][3][4][5] Andrea Alciato, founder of legal humanism, was a professor there, and Saint Yves, patron of the lawyers and "Advocate of the Poors" has studied there. The prohibition by the Pope of teaching of Roman Law limited, however, its growth, to the benefit of the nearby University of Orléans, where numerous important French people studied law. In 1679, King Louis authorized the teaching of Roman Law. Numerous French intellectuals and revolutionary, like Voltaire, Diderot and d'Alembert, Tocqueville, Robespierre, etc. studied there. Between the French Revolution and its dissolution in 1970, numerous important people in France and in the world have taught or studied there, like Victor Hugo, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Honoré de Balzac. The faculty of law is also mentioned in classical French literature, in particular in Les Misérables.

At the dissolution of the Sorbonne in 1970, its two main buildings were place du Panthéon and rue d’Assas.[6] Most of its law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics choose to perpetuate the faculty by creating and joining a university of law offering the same programs within the same two buildings; therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and social sciences of Paris", now called Panthéon-Assas University.[7][8][9]

History

File:Peter Abelard.jpg
Pierre Abelard, theologian and logician before the existence of the faculty of law, who gave to the Sorbonne a recognition for its expertise in law

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c. 1100 – 1223: Law School of Paris

Pierre Abélard, teacher at the great cathedral school of Notre-Dame de Paris (that would eventually become the Sorbonne), writing with the influence of his wife Héloïse, stressed that subjective intention determines the moral value of human action and therefore that the legal consequence of an action is related to the person that commits it and not merely to the action. With this doctrine, Abelard created in the Middle Ages the idea of the individual subject central to modern law. This gave to School of Notre-Dame de Paris (later the University of Paris) a recognition of its expertise in the area of Law, even before the faculty of Law existed and the school even recognized as an "universitas" and even if Abelard was primarily a logician and a theologian. The law grew afterwards to be a discipline in its own rights (rather than only a subject within theology and philosophy), and a faculty of law was founded.

1223–1679: Faculty of Canon Law

The Pope forbade Roman law in Paris in 1223 with the decretal Super Specula. Afterwards, the Paris Law Faculty was called "Faculté de décret" or "Consultissima decretorum facultas", meaning Faculty of Canon Law.[10]

During this period, people who wanted to learn civil law (Roman Law) and become lawyers would usually go to the nearby faculty of law of the University of Orléans. Hence, Molière, Calvin, Perrault, Cujas, Rabelais, Fermat, La Boétie and others went to this faculty.[11]

1679–1793: Faculty of civil and canon law

File:Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713 -1780).jpg
Jacques-Germain Soufflot, architect of the Panthéon building of the Faculty of Law of Paris

After the Edict of Saint-Germain of April 1679 by Louis XIV reestablished the teaching of Roman law in Paris , the faculty was known as the "faculty of civil and canon law". It was closed alongside other faculties on September 15, 1793, during the French Revolution.

1802–1970: Faculty of Law of Paris

In 1802, the faculty of law was re-opened, and was called "the School of Law of Paris" (l'École de droit de Paris). In 1896, the law faculty and the henceforth four other Parisian faculties were grouped together to recreate the University of Paris. In the late 1950s, it became a "faculty of law and economics".

1970: Dissolution

Following the events of May 1968, the faculties of the University of Paris became independent universities[12]

Most law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics[13] within the same two buiildings (Panthéon and Assas). Therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and social sciences of Paris" (Université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris), administratively shortened as Paris II, and currently named University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas,[14] which is therefore considered as its direct inheritor.[8] Some joined interdisciplinary universities in Paris, like Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, Paris-Est Créteil University (these names were formed later), or outside Paris.

Most professors (35 out of 41) in economics (which was a secondary subject at the Faculty of Law and Economics) preferred to join the multidisciplinary university, Paris I, later called Pantheon-Sorbonne University[15] while others joined University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas, Paris-Dauphine University, Paris Descartes University and Paris-Est Créteil University.

Notable faculty

Andrea Alciato, founder of legal humanism

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1100–1679

1679–1793

19th century

Francois Denis Tronchet, president of the commission for the creation of the French Civil Code and lawyer of Louis XVI of France at his trial
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Gustave Boissonade, builder of the Japanese Civil Law during the Meiji Era

1900–1945

René Cassin, co-author of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Nobel Peace Prize, soldier during WW2

1945–1970

  • Suzanne Bastid (1947–1977, Paris II from 1971) was the first woman professor of Law of France , the first woman to be a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques Secretary General of the Institute of International Law (Nobel prize 1904).
  • Georges Vedel (1949–1979, Paris II from 1971),[27] former member of the Constitutional Council of France
  • Jean Carbonnier (1955–1976, Paris II from 1971), one of the most famous French professors in Law of the 20th Century.[28]
  • Gérard Cornu (born 1967,[29] Paris II from 1971), who wrote the new French Code of Civil Procedure in the late 1970s[30] and is also well known in France for his Dictionary of Legal Vocabulary, translated in English.[31][32]
  • François Terré (1969–1999, Paris II from 1971), president in 2008 of the legal section of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, head of the private committee for the reform of French Law of Obligations.[33]
  • Jacques Robert (1969–1979, Paris II from 1971), former member of the Constitutional Council of France

Notable alumni (1100–1679)

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Classical Ages
Saint Yves, patron of the lawyers and of abandoned children "Advocate of the Poors"
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Nicolas Boileau, one of the builders of French poetry
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Nicolas Fouquet, Superintendent of Finances under King Louis XIV

The Pope forbade Roman law in Paris in 1223 with the decretal Super Specula. Until the reintroduction of Roman Law (civil law) by Louis XIV, people who wanted to learn civil law (Roman Law) and become lawyers would usually go to the nearby faculty of Law of the University of Orléans. Hence, Molière, Calvin, Perrault, Cujas, Rabelais, Fermat, La Boétie and others went to the latter.[34]

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: French Enlightment
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Jean le Rond d'Alembert, mathematician, physicist and philosopher
Denis Diderot, co-creator with d'Alembert of the Encyclopédie
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Voltaire, author of the French Enlightenment

Notable alumni (1679–1793)

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Prominent intellectuals (after the Revolution)
Victor Hugo, author of Les Misérables and most influential French intellectual in French modern history
Alexis de Tocqueville, author of Democracy in America
Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Judiciary and lawyers
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Henri Donnedieu de Vabres, French judge at the Nuremberg trials
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Louis Leblois, magistrate and lawyer of Alfred Dreyfus
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Tcheng Yu-hsiu, first female lawyer and judge in Chinese history

Notable alumni (1802–1970)

Intellectuals

Law professors

Judiciary and lawyers

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Women and the law
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Jeanne Chauvin, first woman to lead at the bar in France
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Sarmiza Bilcescu, first female student in law of France, first PhD in law of France
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Olga Petit, first woman to take the oath to become barrister in France
Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Literature
Marcel Proust, author of In Search of Lost Time
Honoré de Balzac, author of La Comédie Humaine series

Literature

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Presidents (France)
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François Mitterand, president of France for 14 years
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Raymond Poincaré, president of France during World War I and prime minister
Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Politics (outside France)
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Constantin Argetoianu, prime minister of Romania, opponent to both communists and fascists, political prisoner, died in prison without trial
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Shapour Bakhtiar, last prime minister of Iran before the Islamic Republic, voluntary soldier during WW2 to help France, opponent to monarchy, to clerical rule and to the communists, assassinated in France by agents of the Islamic Republic in 1991

Politics and military

France: presidents

France: ministers

France: other

Outside of France

Alumni of the Paris Law Faculty: Other sciences and art
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Marius Pontmercy, fictional lawyer, from Les Misérables
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Dariush Safvat, music master
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Claude Lévi-Strauss, "father of modern anthropology"

Other

Fictional

References

  1. ↑ Abt & Riess, p. 276.
  2. ↑ Stemmi di studenti ungaro-croati all’Archiginnasio di Bologna, http://histoire-du-livre.blogspot.com/2020/05/heraldique-luniversite-de-bologne.html
  3. ↑ https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01788055/document, p. 13
  4. ↑ http://www.cosmovisions.com/civUniversitesMA.htm
  5. ↑ https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/21738?lang=fr
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79129800.html
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/x-la-faculte-de-decret-de-la-sorbonne-a130229276
  11. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/3
  12. ↑ Décret no 70-928 du 8 octobre 1970.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79129800.html
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/6
  17. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/6
  18. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/7
  19. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/7
  20. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/10
  21. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/11
  22. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/11
  23. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/11
  24. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/12
  25. ↑ https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1970/08/25/leon-mazeaud-se-tue-en-montagne_2646297_1819218.html
  26. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/12
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ https://www.whoswho.fr/decede/biographie-gerard-cornu_16204
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/3
  35. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/xiv-saint-yves-etudiant-en-droit-a-paris-et-orleans-vers-1270-a130819256
  36. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/nicolas-boileau-le-legislateur-du-parnasse-a148834320
  37. ↑ https://www.maisonsvictorhugo.paris.fr/es/victor-hugo/biografia-de-victor-hugo/1802-1822
  38. ↑ http://droiticpa.eklablog.com/faculte-de-droit-de-paris-c29164396/6

Sources

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  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Décret no 70-928 du 8 octobre 1970 (in French).

External links

Further reading

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