File:Limiting global warming to 2 degrees Celsius - options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (PBL).png

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Summary

This image shows two graphs. The graphs show how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:global warming">global warming</a> could be limited to below 2 degrees <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" class="extiw" title="en:Celsius">Celsius</a>, relative to the pre-industrial level.

Greenhouse gas emissions

The graph on the left shows how global <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greenhouse_gas" class="extiw" title="en:greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> (GHG) emissions (measured in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon_dioxide_equivalent" class="extiw" title="en:carbon dioxide equivalent">carbon-dioxide equivalents</a>, CO2e) need to be reduced to around 20-25 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gigatonne" class="extiw" title="en:gigatonne">gigatonnes</a> (Gt) CO2e per year, by 2050 (PBL, 2012, p.156). This is equivalent to a reduction in 2050 of between 40-60%, compared to 1990 emissions levels (PBL, 2012, p.157).

The graph shows how emissions are projected to grow in a trend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change_scenario" class="extiw" title="en:climate change scenario">scenario</a> to 60-70 GtCO2e per year, by 2050 (PBL, 2012, p.156). Under the trend scenario, global temperature in 2100 would increase by 2.5-5 <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C2%B0C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="°C (page does not exist)">°C</a> (PBL, 2012, p.156). In other words, meeting the 2 °C target would require drastic emissions reductions compared to the trend scenario.

Contribution to cumulative emission reduction, 2010-2050

The graph on the right shows how the 2 °C target might be achieved. The graph shows three "pathways" to meet the 2 °C target, labelled "global technology", "decentralised solutions", and "consumption change". Each pathway shows how various measures could contribute to emissions reductions. These are:

For all three pathways, (B), (G) and (H) all make significant contributions to emissions reductions.

Below are the approximate contributions of (A)-(H) to the three pathways. Units are the percentage contribution to cumulative emission reduction between 2010-2050. The first number is the "global technology" pathway, the second "decentralised solutions," and the third "consumption change."

  • (A) 14, 8, 13
  • (B) 24, 25, 26
  • (C) 3, 2.5, 2.5
  • (D) 12, 1, 1.5
  • (E) 8, 7, 8
  • (F) 4, 12, 6
  • (G) 20, 17, 18.5
  • (H) 17, 27, 25

Licensing

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File history

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current02:32, 1 January 2017Thumbnail for version as of 02:32, 1 January 20171,471 × 1,604 (51 KB)127.0.0.1 (talk)This image shows two graphs. The graphs show how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/global_warming" class="extiw" title="en:global warming">global warming</a> could be limited to below 2 degrees <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" class="extiw" title="en:Celsius">Celsius</a>, relative to the pre-industrial level. <p><i>Greenhouse gas emissions</i> </p> <p>The graph on the left shows how global <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greenhouse_gas" class="extiw" title="en:greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> (GHG) emissions (measured in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon_dioxide_equivalent" class="extiw" title="en:carbon dioxide equivalent">carbon-dioxide equivalents</a>, CO<sub>2</sub>e) need to be reduced to around 20-25 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gigatonne" class="extiw" title="en:gigatonne">gigatonnes</a> (Gt) CO<sub>2</sub>e per year, by 2050 (PBL, 2012, p.156). This is equivalent to a reduction in 2050 of between 40-60%, compared to 1990 emissions levels (PBL, 2012, p.157). </p> <p>The graph shows how emissions are projected to grow in a trend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change_scenario" class="extiw" title="en:climate change scenario">scenario</a> to 60-70 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e per year, by 2050 (PBL, 2012, p.156). Under the trend scenario, global temperature in 2100 would increase by 2.5-5 <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C2%B0C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="°C (page does not exist)">°C</a> (PBL, 2012, p.156). In other words, meeting the 2 °C target would require drastic emissions reductions compared to the trend scenario. </p> <p><i>Contribution to cumulative emission reduction, 2010-2050</i> </p> <p>The graph on the right shows how the 2 °C target might be achieved. The graph shows three "pathways" to meet the 2 °C target, labelled "global technology", "decentralised solutions", and "consumption change". Each pathway shows how various measures could contribute to emissions reductions. These are: </p> <ul> <li>(A) avoid <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/deforestation" class="extiw" title="en:deforestation">deforestation</a> </li> <li>(B) reduce other (non-CO<sub>2</sub>) GHGs</li> <li>(C) reduce other energy-related emissions</li> <li>(D) increase <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nuclear_power" class="extiw" title="en:nuclear power">nuclear power</a> </li> <li>(E) increase <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bio-energy" class="extiw" title="en:bio-energy">bio-energy</a> </li> <li>(F) increase <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar_power" class="extiw" title="en:solar power">solar</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wind_power" class="extiw" title="en:wind power">wind power</a> </li> <li>(G) increase <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" class="extiw" title="en:Carbon capture and storage">CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage</a> </li> <li>(H) improve <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/efficient_energy_use" class="extiw" title="en:efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> </li> </ul> <p>For all three pathways, (B), (G) and (H) all make significant contributions to emissions reductions. </p> <p>Below are the approximate contributions of (A)-(H) to the three pathways. Units are the percentage contribution to cumulative emission reduction between 2010-2050. The first number is the "global technology" pathway, the second "decentralised solutions," and the third "consumption change." </p> <ul> <li>(A) 14, 8, 13</li> <li>(B) 24, 25, 26</li> <li>(C) 3, 2.5, 2.5</li> <li>(D) 12, 1, 1.5</li> <li>(E) 8, 7, 8</li> <li>(F) 4, 12, 6</li> <li>(G) 20, 17, 18.5</li> <li>(H) 17, 27, 25</li> </ul>
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