Fort Frederick (Kingston, Ontario)

Fort Frederick

Location	Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Type	earthworks surrounding a Martello tower.
Curator	Ross McKenzie
Website	http://www.rmc.ca/cam/mus/index-eng.php

Fort Frederick is a historic military building located on Point Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Its construction dates to 1846 and the Oregon boundary dispute. The fort consists of earthworks surrounding a Martello tower. Fort Frederick is included in two separate National Historic Sites of Canada: Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site and the Point Frederick Buildings National Historic Site.

History

Fort Frederick was built on the south end of Point Frederick, the site of the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard. The point and fort were named after Frederick, Prince of Wales. The original fort, consisting of earthworks, was built during the War of 1812 for protection against naval attack. On November 10, 1812, the Fort Frederick battery took part in repulsing an American naval squadron under Commodore Isaac Chauncey.

Four stone Martello towers were built to strengthen Kingston's defences in 1846 during the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and Britain. The towers were meant to protect the shipyard and the entrances to the Rideau Canal and St. Lawrence River, from possible United States aggression. Fort Frederick was one of these, and was built on the site of the original fort. Fort Frederick was abandoned in 1870. Fort Frederick is the RMC cadets' outdoor relaxed area, where all cadets are considered equal in rank, headress may be removed, and cadets have free rein to relax. The Martello tower houses the RMC Museum.

While Archibald Macdonnell was Commandant of RMC, between 1909–19, the upper floors of Fort Frederick were used as a common room. After the seniors rolled cannonballs down the common room stairs, the floor was reallocated as a recruit haven. The college's class of 1931 gifted Fort Frederick with wooden gates and a plaque in 1971 in remembrance of the days when Fort Frederick was a recruit refuge.

Legacy

On 28 June 1985 Canada Post issued 'Fort Frederick, Ont.' one of the 20 stamps in the “Forts Across Canada Series” (1983 and 1985). The stamps are perforated 12½ x 13 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited based on the designs by Rolf P. Harder.

Affiliations

The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

See also

• Chronology of the War of 1812
• War of 1812 Campaigns
• List of forts
• War of 1812
• Upper Canada
• Royal eponyms in Canada
• Murney Tower
• Cathcart Tower
• Shoal Tower
• List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Kingston, Ontario

References

• Ontario Heritage Plaque - Point Frederick Peninsula Point Frederick buildings
• Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site Management Plan (Ottawa: Parks Canada, 2006)
• Mika, Nick and Helma et al. Kingston, Historic City. Belleville: Mika Publishing Co., 1987. ISBN 0-921341-06-7.

Brochures

• Royal Military College of Canada, Fort Frederick: Facts brochure, (Kingston, 2000).
• Royal Military College of Canada, Visit Fort Frederick and the Royal Military College of Canada Museum brochure, (Kingston, 2000).