Frederick II, Elector Palatine

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Frederick II, Elector Palatine
File:Hans Besser 006.jpg
Portrait by Hans Besser, 1545.
Elector Palatine
Reign 1544 – 1556
Predecessor Louis V
Successor Otto Henry
Born (1482-12-09)9 December 1482
Winzingen Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Alzey
Spouse Dorothea of Denmark
House House of Wittelsbach
Father Philip, Elector Palatine
Mother Margarete of Bavaria-Landshut

Frederick II, Count Palatine of the Rhine (9 December 1482 – 26 February 1556), also Frederick the Wise, a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was Prince-elector of the Palatinate from 1544 to 1556.

Life

Frederick was born at Winzingen Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße as the fourth son of Philip, Elector Palatine and Margarete of Bavaria-Landshut. In 1535, he married in Heidelberg to Dorothea of Denmark. They had no issue. (Twenty years before, in his early thirties, he had declared his love suit to the Habsburg Princess Eleonore, but this was discovered by her brother Charles, duke of Burgundy, king of Spain, and future Holy Roman Emperor, and Count Frederick was banished from the court.[1])

He was custodian of the young dukes of Palatinate-Neuburg Otto Henry and Philip and then served as general for the Habsburg Ferdinand I.

Frederick was for a time involved in coup plans in Denmark-Norway. His wife Dorothea was a daughter of Christian II of Denmark,[2] the former King of Denmark and Norway who was deposed after a Danish noble rebellion in 1523. The exiled Christian II was contacted by Olav Engelbrektsson, Catholic Archbishop of Norway and head of the Council of the Realm, in 1529. Christian II was a Protestant, but was also the brother-in-law of Emperor Charles V and therefore vowed to help the Catholic cause in Norway.[3] After Frederick's marriage to Dorothea, Frederick soon sent a letter to Olav Engelbrektsson (via emissaries in Brussels) where he promised military support from himself and Charles V. In the winter of 1536, Olav Engelbrektsson sent squads of supporters to villages in Eastern Norway; among other things the squads read the letter out to people, signalling that a new ruler could be on his way. However, few peasants joined the would-be rebellion, and it soon failed as no actual support from Frederick or Charles came.[2] In the winter of 1537, then, Frederick did send two ships from the Habsburg Netherlands. However, this was to no avail as the King of Denmark mounted a naval offensive to secure Norway around the same time. Olav Engelbrektsson fled the country, bishops Hoskuld Hoskuldsson and Mogens Lauritssøn were arrested, other supporters were punished and the Catholic Church in Norway and the Council of the Realm were abolished.[4]

In March 1544 Frederick succeeded his brother Louis V as Prince-elector of the Palatinate. He introduced the Protestant Reformation and was therefore outlawed by Emperor Charles V until Frederick submitted. He was succeeded by his former ward Otto Henry. He died in February 1556 in Alzey.

Ancestors

Family of Frederick II, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Rupert of Germany
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Louis III, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Elisabeth of Nuremberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Louis IV, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Amadeo, Prince of Achaea
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Matilda of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Catherine of Geneva
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Philip, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Antipope Felix V
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Bonne of Berry
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Philip the Bold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Frederick II, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Maddalena Visconti
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Albert IV of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Margaret of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Johanna Sophia of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Margaret of Bavaria, Electress Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Ernest, Duke of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Margaret of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Cymburgis of Masovia
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Brandi, Karl. The Emperor Charles V: The Growth and Destiny of a Man and of a World-Empire. Translated by C. V. Wedgewood. Oxford: Alden, 1939. (orig. German, 1935), 78-79.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Ersland and Sandvik, 1999: pp. 145-146
  4. ↑ Ersland and Sandvik, 1999: p. 150
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

Frederick II, Elector Palatine
Born: 9 December 1482 Died: 26 February 1556
German royalty
Regnal titles
Preceded by Elector Palatine
1544–1556		 Succeeded by
Otto Henry
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