German submarine U-564

History
Nazi Germany
Name:	U-564
Ordered:	24 October 1939
Builder:	Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Yard number:	540
Laid down:	30 March 1940
Launched:	7 February 1941
Commissioned:	3 April 1941
Fate:	Sunk on 14 June 1943
General characteristics
Class & type:	Type VIIC U-boat
Displacement:	769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length:	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in) o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in) pressure hull
Beam:	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Draught:	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power:	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion:	2 shafts 2 × diesel engines 2 × electric motors
Speed:	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range:	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) submerged
Test depth:	230 m (750 ft) Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement:	44 to 52 officers and ratings
Armament:	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines 1 × 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) various AA guns
Service record
Part of:	1st U-boat Flotilla 3 April – 1 June 1941 (Training) 1st U-boat Flotilla 1–14 June 1943
Commanders:	K.Kapt. Reinhard Suhren 3 April – 1 October 1941 Oblt.z.S. Hans Fiedler 1–14 June 1943
Operations:	9 patrols
Victories:	18 merchant ships sunk (95,544 GRT) 1 warship sunk (900 tons) 4 merchant ships damaged (28,907 GRT)

German submarine U-564 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during the Second World War. The RAF sank her in the Bay of Biscay on 14 June 1943.

Construction and commissioning

She was ordered on 24 October 1939 and was laid down on 30 March 1940 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as ' 540'. She was launched on 7 February 1941 and commissioned under her first commander Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren on 3 April of that year. Her chief engineer under Suhren was Ulrich Gabler. Suhren commanded her for her work-up with the 1st U-boat Flotilla between 3 April and 1 June 1941. She then became a front (operational) boat of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, and set out on her first patrols.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-564 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-564 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history

Early patrols

Her first patrol took U-564 from Kiel to Brest in occupied France, spending a total of 41 days at sea. The patrol brought a number of successes; on 27 June Suhren came across convoy HX-133. He damaged the Norwegian tanker MV Kongsgaard and sank the Dutch SS Maasdam and the British MV Malaya II that day. He had one further success on that patrol, sinking the Icelandic merchantman SS Hekla on 29 June. U-564 put in to Brest on 27 July, having sunk three merchant ships for 18,678 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged another for 9,467 tons.

She sailed again from Brest on 16 August, heading into the Atlantic. She came across convoy OG-71 and sank the Irish SS Conlara and the British tug Empire Oak on 22 August. She sank an escort the following day, the HMS Zinnia. U-564 returned to Brest on 27 August after 12 days at sea, having sunk three ships for 2,587 GRT. She sailed again on 16 September, this time encountering convoy HG-75 on 24 October. She sank three British merchantmen that day, the SS Alhama, SS Ariosto and the SS Carsbreck. U-564 was attacked later in the evening, by a bomb from an aircraft and later by an escort with depth charges. She escaped damage however, and returned to port at Lorient on 1 November having spent 47 days at sea and sunk three ships for 2,587 tons.

U-564 relocated to La Pallice in early 1942, and sailed from there on 18 January. She sank the Canadian tanker MV Victolite 260 nautical miles (480 km; 300 mi) northwest of Bermuda on 11 February 1942, and damaged the British tanker MV Opalia, although not severely (her deck gun firing 83 rounds, but only scoring three hits), on 16 February, before returning to Brest on 6 March, after 48 days on patrol with 11,410 GRT sunk and 619 GRT damaged.

Off the American coast

U-564 sailed from Brest on 4 April 1942, to cross the Atlantic and prey on shipping off the North American coast, including Florida. She was in position in early May and on 3 May, secured her first success, sinking the British SS Ocean Venus. On the 4 May, she damaged the British SS Eclipse, and on 5 May she damaged the American SS Delisle. On 8 May she sank the American merchantman SS Ohian, the following day she sank the Panamanian tanker MV Lubrafol. Her final success in American waters was to sink the Mexican tanker SS Potrero del Llano. U-564 arrived back in Brest on 6 June, having spent 64 days at sea and sunk four ships, for 24,390 GRT, and damaged two ships, for 13,245 GRT.

U-564 repeated the exercise on her next patrol, departing Brest on 6 July to operate off the coast of South America. Whilst outward-bound across the Atlantic, Suhren came across convoy OS-34 and on 19 July sank the British merchant ships SS Empire Hawksbill and MV Lavington Court. Operating off the northern South America coast, he sank the SS British Consul and the SS Empire Cloud west of Grenada on 19 August and on the 30th, she sank the Norwegian tanker Vardaas north of Scarborough. U-564 arrived back in Brest on 18 September after 72 days on patrol, having sunk five ships for 32,181 GRT.

Fiedler takes charge

This was Suhren's last patrol as commander of U-564. He left on 1 October to become an instructor, Oberleutnant zur See Hans Fiedler took command. He took the boat on two war patrols in 1943 but failed to hit any enemy ships. On one of these sorties events took a dramatic turn when the U-boat lost a crewman, Fähnrich zur See (Ensign) Heinrich Fuerhake. U-564 was transferred to operate out of Bordeaux in April 1943. She left the French port city for the final time on 9 June with four other outbound U-boats, U-185, U-358, U-634 and U-653. A Royal Air Force Short Sunderland spotted the boats and attacked them off Cape Finisterre at 18.59 hours on 13 June. The aircraft targeted U-564 and dropped its bombs, but was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, killing all 11 of the crew. U-564 had sustained heavy damage and turned back, escorted by U-185.

Wolfpacks

U-564 took part in six wolfpacks, namely.

• Brandenburg (16–19 September 1941)
• Breslau (2–29 October 1941)
• Natter (2–8 November 1942)
• Westwall (8–16 December 1942)
• Seeteufel (21–30 March 1943)
• Löwenherz (1–10 April 1943)

Sinking

An Armstrong Whitworth Whitley sighted the two U-boats in the Bay of Biscay the following day and shadowed them. U-564 was unable to dive due to the damage already sustained. By 16.45 hours the Whitley was running low on fuel and attacked U-564. The two U-boats damaged their attacker with anti-aircraft fire but the aircraft's depth charges fatally damaged U-564 and she sank at 17:30 hours. The damaged Whitley was forced to ditch, where a French trawler rescued the crew. There were 18 survivors from U-564 including the commander. U-185 picked them up and transferred them to the German destroyer Z24 two hours later.

Summary of raiding history

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate
24 June 1941	Kongsgaard	Norway	9,467	Damaged
27 June 1941	Maasdam	Netherlands	8,812	Sunk
27 June 1941	Malaya II	United Kingdom	8,651	Sunk
29 June 1941	Hekla	Iceland	1,215	Sunk
22 August 1941	Clonlara	Ireland	1,203	Sunk
22 August 1941	Empire Oak	United Kingdom	484	Sunk
22 August 1941	HMS Zinnia	Royal Navy	900	Sunk
24 October 1941	Alhama	United Kingdom	1,352	Sunk
24 October 1941	Ariosto	United Kingdom	2,176	Sunk
24 October 1941	Carsbreck	United Kingdom	3,670	Sunk
11 February 1942	Victolite	Canada	11,410	Sunk
16 February 1942	Opalia	United Kingdom	6,195	Damaged
3 May 1942	Ocean Venus	United Kingdom	7,174	Sunk
4 May 1942	Eclipse	United Kingdom	9,767	Damaged
5 May 1942	Delisle	United States	3,478	Damaged
8 May 1942	Ohioan	United States	6,078	Sunk
9 May 1942	Lubrafol	Panama	7,138	Sunk
14 May 1942	Potrero del Llano	Mexico	4,000	Sunk
19 July 1942	Empire Hawksbill	United Kingdom	5,724	Sunk
19 July 1942	Lavington Court	United Kingdom	5,372	Sunk
19 August 1942	British Consul	United Kingdom	6,940	Sunk
19 August 1942	Empire Cloud	United Kingdom	5,969	Sunk
30 August 1942	Vardaas	Norway	8,176	Sunk