Gertrude Jekyll

Gertrude Jekyll
painting of an old woman with glasses and grey hair in a chair, by lamplight Portrait of Gertrude Jekyll by William Nicholson, painted October 1920; commissioned by Sir Edwin Lutyens, donated to the Tate Gallery in 1921
Born	29 November 1843
Died
Nationality	English
Occupation	Horticulturist, garden designer, writer and artist

Jekyll's design at Hestercombe Gardens, Somerset

Hestercombe Gardens

Gertrude Jekyll (/ˈdʒiːkəl/ JEE-kəl; 29 November 1843—8 December 1932) was an influential British horticulturist, garden designer, artist and writer. She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1,000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by English and American gardening enthusiasts.

Early life

Jekyll was born at 2 Grafton Street, Mayfair, London, the fifth of the seven children of Captain Edward Joseph Hill Jekyll, an officer in the Grenadier Guards, and his wife Julia Hammersley. Her younger brother, the Reverend Walter Jekyll, was a friend of Robert Louis Stevenson, who borrowed the family name for his famous novella Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. In 1848 her family left London and moved to Bramley House, Surrey, where she spent her formative years.

Themes

Jekyll was one half of one of the most influential and historical partnerships of the Arts and Crafts movement, thanks to her association with the English architect, Sir Edwin Lutyens, for whose projects she created numerous landscapes, and who designed her home Munstead Wood, near Godalming in Surrey. (In 1900, Lutyens and Jekyll's brother Herbert designed the British Pavilion for the Paris Exposition.)

Jekyll is remembered for her outstanding designs and subtle, painterly approach to the arrangement of the gardens she created, particularly her "hardy flower borders". Her work is known for its radiant colour and the brush-like strokes of her plantings; it is suggested by some that the Impressionistic-style schemes may have been due to Jekyll's deteriorating eyesight, which largely put an end to her career as a painter and watercolourist. In works like Colour Schemes for the Flower Garden (reprinted 1988) she put her imprint on modern uses of "warm" and "cool" flower colours in gardens.

Jekyll was one of the first of her profession to take into account the colour, texture, and experience of gardens as the prominent authorities in her designs, and she was a lifelong fan of plants of all genres. Her theory of how to design with colour was influenced by painter J.M.W. Turner and by impressionism, and by the theoretical colour wheel. Later in life, Jekyll collected and contributed a vast array of plants solely for the purpose of preservation to numerous institutions across Britain. This pure passion for gardening was started at South Kensington School of Art, where she fell in love with the creative art of planting, and even more specifically, gardening. At the time of her death, she had designed over 400 gardens in Britain, Europe and a few in North America. Jekyll was also known for her prolific writing. She penned over fifteen books, ranging from Wood and Garden and her most famous book Colour in the Flower Garden, to memoirs of her youth. Jekyll did not want to limit her influence to teaching the practice of gardening, but to take it a step further to the quiet study of gardening and the plants themselves. Her concern that plants should be displayed to best effect even when cut for the house, led her to design her own range of glass flower vases.

Jekyll later returned to her childhood home in the village of Bramley, Surrey to design a garden in Snowdenham Lane called Millmead. She was also interested in traditional cottage furnishings and rural crafts, and concerned that they were disappearing. Her book Old West Surrey (1904) records many aspects of 19th-century country life, with over 300 photographs taken by Jekyll.

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  Hestercombe Gardens

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  Jekyll's restored long border at Upton Grey Manor House, Hampshire

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  Hestercombe Gardens, the Lutyens designed bench

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  Lindisfarne Castle

Gardens

Hestercombe Gardens, borrowed scenery.

Jekyll's plan for a flowerbed

From 1881, when she laid out the gardens for Munstead House, built for her mother by John James Stevenson, Jekyll provided designs or planned planting for some four hundred gardens. More than half were directly commissioned, but many were created in collaboration with architects such as Lutyens and Sir Robert Lorimer. Most of her gardens are lost. A small number have been restored, including her own garden at Munstead Wood, the gardens of Hestercombe House, and the garden at the Manor House in Upton Grey that she designed for the magazine editor Charles Holme.

Awards

Jekyll was awarded the Victoria Medal of Honour of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1897 and the Veitch Memorial Medal of the society in 1929. Also in 1929, she was given the George Robert White Medal of Honor of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.

Death

Jekyll is buried in the churchyard of Busbridge Church, formerly known as St John the Baptist, Busbridge, Godalming, next to her brother and sister-in-law, Sir Herbert Jekyll (KCMG) and his wife, Dame Agnes Jekyll (DBE). The monument was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.

Bibliography

• Jekyll, G. Wood and Garden (Longmans, Green and Co., 1899).
• Jekyll, G. Home and garden (Longmans, Green and Co., 1900).
• Jekyll, G. & Mawley, E. Roses for English Gardens (London: Country Life, 1902).
• Jekyll, G.. Wall and water gardens (London: Country Life, 1902).
• Jekyll, G. Lilies for English gardens (London: Country Life, 1903).
• Jekyll, G. & Elgood, G. S (illustrator), Some English gardens (Longmans, Green & Co., 1904)
• Jekyll, G. Old West Surrey (Longmans, Green, and Co., 1904).
• Jekyll, G. Colour in the flower garden (London: Country Life, 1908).
• Jekyll, G. Annuals & biennials (London: Country Life, 1916)
• Jekyll, G. Children and gardens ( London: Country Life, 1908).
• Jekyll, G. & Weaver, Sir Lawrence. Gardens for small country houses (London: Country Life, 1914).
• Jekyll, G. Colour schemes for the flower garden (London: Country Life, 1919).

See also

• The Bois des Moutiers (she designed some gardens of the Bois des Moutiers)
• Garden design
• Ralph Hancock (landscape gardener)
• Hascombe Court (designed by Jekyll)
• History of gardening
• Planting design
• Garden of Eden, Venice, the garden of Jekyll's sister Caroline

References

File:Miss Jekyll's Boots by William Nicholson.jpg

Miss Jekyll's Boots, painted by William Nicholson at Munstead Wood in October 1920

Further reading

• Eberle, Iwona: Eve with a Spade: Women, Gardens, and Literature in the Nineteenth Century. Munich: Grin, 2011. ISBN 9783640843558

External links

• The Gertrude Jekyll Estate
• Restored Jekyll garden in Sandwich, Kent
• Restored Jekyll garden at Upton Grey
• Short biography of Jekyll from Emily Compost
• Online text of Gertrude Jekyll's Colour schemes for the flower garden (1921)
• Restored Jekyll garden at Durmast House, Burley, Hampshire, UK
• Jekyll garden in Woodbury CT, USA
• Gertrude Jekyll's garden designs @ Ward's Book of Days
• The Times Obituary
• A Gertrude Jekyll and Edwin Lutyens garden in france (1898
• Detailed family history
• Connection between Jekyll, Eden, Baring, Hammersley and Poulett-Thomson families
• Archival material relating to Gertrude Jekyll listed at the UK National Archives
• Works by Gertrude Jekyll at Project Gutenberg
• Works by Gertrude Jekyll at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)