Gothic Line order of battle

Gothic Line order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in Operation Olive, the Allied offensive on the Gothic Line in northern Italy, August–September 1944, and in the subsequent fighting in the central Apennine mountains and on the plains of eastern Emilia–Romagna up to April 1945.

Allied Forces Headquarters Mediterranean

Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:

General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson (until 12 December 1944)

Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander (from 12 December 1944)

Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:

Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers (until September 1944)

Lieutenant General Joseph T. McNarney (from September 1944)

Chief of Staff

Lieutenant-General Sir James Gammell (to 12 December 1944)

Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding (from 12 December 1944 to 6 March 1945^[1])

Lieutenant-General William Morgan (from 6 March 1945)^[1]

Allied Armies in Italy (until 12 December 1944)

Commander-in-Chief: General Sir Harold Alexander

Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding

Allied 15th Army Group (from 12 December 1944)

Commander: Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark (promoted to full general 10 March 1945)

Chief of Staff: Major General Alfred M. Gruenther

U.S. Fifth Army

Commander:

Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark (until 16 December 1944)

Lieutenant General Lucian K. Truscott (from 16 December 1944)

U.S. II Corps

Major General Geoffrey Keyes

U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles Bolté)
U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General Paul W. Kendall)
U.S. 91st Infantry Division (Major General William G. Livesay)
U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. Coulter) (until April 1945 when transferred to IV Corps)
Italian Legnano Combat Group (from 1945)

U.S. IV Corps

Major General Willis D. Crittenberger

U.S. 1st Armored Division (Major General Vernon E. Prichard)
6th South African Armoured Division (Major-General Evered Poole)
U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major General Edward Almond) (from August 1944)*
1st Brazilian Infantry Division (General Mascarenhas de Morais) (from November 1944)
U.S. 10th Mountain Division (Major General George Price Hays) (from February 1945)
U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major-General John B. Coulter) (transferred from II Corps April 1945)

* Order of entry into battle

British XIII Corps (transferred to British Eighth Army in January 1945)

Lieutenant-General Sidney Kirkman (until 25 January 1945)

Lieutenant-General John Harding (from 25 January 1945)

6th Army Group, Royal Artillery
British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (until September 1944)
British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Horatius Murray) (from August 1944 to March 1945)
8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell) (until March 1945)
10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys W. Reid) (from February 1945)
1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (until February 1945)
British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Loewen) (until January 1945)

Independent units under Army HQ

Brazilian Expeditionary Force (General Mascarenhas de Moraes) (from November 1944)
U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Edward M. Almond) (from November 1944)

British 8th Army

Commander:

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese (until 1 October 1944)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery (from 1 October 1944)

British V Corps

Lieutenant-General Charles Keightley

1st Army Group Royal Artillery
British 1st Armoured Division (Major-General Richard A. Hull) (until 25 September 1944)
British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (from October to November 1944)
4th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy) (until October 1944)
British 46th Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth until 6 November 1944, then Major-General C.E. Weir) (until December 1944)
British 56th Infantry Division (Major-General John Y. Whitfield)
British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General D.C. Butterworth until 10 October 1944 and then Major-General Keith Arbuthnott) (from March 1945)
British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Horatius Murray) (from 18–23 April 1945)
8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell) (from March 1945)
10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid) (from October 1944 to February 1945)
2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard C. Freyburg) (November 1944 to 14 April 1945)
Jewish Brigade (from February to March 1945)
Italian Liberation Corps (Corpo Liberation Italiano) (1944)^[2]
- Nembo Division
- Utili Division
Italian Cremona Combat Group (from 1945)
Italian 28th Garibaldi Brigade (from 1945)

British X Corps (until December 1944 and from February 1945)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery (until 6 November 1944)

Lieutenant-General John Hawkesworth (from 6 November 1944)

2nd Army Group Royal Artillery
10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid) (until October 1944)
British 9th Armoured Brigade
Jewish Brigade (from March 1945)
Italian Fruili Combat Group (from 1945)

British XIII Corps (transferred from U.S. Fifth Army January 1945)

see listing above under U.S. Fifth Army)

Canadian I Corps (until February 1945)

Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns (until 10 November 1944)

Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes (from 10 November 1944)

1st Canadian Army Group Royal Canadian Artillery
Canadian 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes until 1 December 1944 then Major-General H. W. Foster)
- 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade
Canadian 5th Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
- 5th Canadian Armoured Brigade
- 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade
British 21st Tank Brigade
British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward) (from September to October 1944)
2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg. Major-General C. E. Weir acting commander 3 September to 17 October 1944) (September to October 1944)
3rd Greek Mountain Brigade (Colonel Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos) (from September to October 1944)