Grammar-based code

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Grammar-based codes or Grammar-based compression are compression algorithms based on the idea of constructing a context-free grammar (CFG) for the string to be compressed. Examples include universal lossless data compression algorithms [1] and SEQUITUR, among others. To compress a data sequence x = x_1 \cdots x_n, a grammar-based code transforms x into a context-free grammar G. The problem to find a smallest grammar for an input sequence is known to be NP-hard,[2] so many grammar-transform algorithms are proposed from theoretical and practical viewpoints. Generally, the produced grammar G is further compressed by statistical encoders like arithmetic coding.

Examples and characteristics

The class of grammar-based codes is very broad. It includes block codes, variations of the incremental parsing Lempel-Ziv code,[3] the multilevel pattern matching (MPM) algorithm,[4] and many other new universal lossless compression algorithms. Grammar-based codes are universal in the sense that they can achieve asymptotically the entropy rate of any stationary, ergodic source with a finite alphabet.

Practical algorithms

The compression programs of following are available from external links.

  • Sequitur[5] is a classical grammar compression algorithm that sequentially translates an input text into a CFG, and then the produced CFG is encoded by an arithmetic coder.
  • Re-Pair[6] is a greedy algorithm by the strategy of most-frequent-first substitution. The compressive performance is powerful, although the main memory space is very large.

See also

References

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External links