Hämeenlinna

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Hämeenlinna
Tavastehus
City
Hämeenlinnan kaupunki
Tavastehus stad
City of Hämeenlinna
Aerial view of the city centre (and the Market Square) of Hämeenlinna.
Aerial view of the city centre (and the Market Square) of Hämeenlinna.
Flag of Hämeenlinna
Flag		 Coat of arms of Hämeenlinna
Coat of arms
Location of Hämeenlinna in Finland
Location of Hämeenlinna in Finland
Country  Finland
Region Kanta-Häme.vaakuna.svg Kanta-Häme
Sub-region Hämeenlinna sub-region
Charter 1639
Government
 • City manager Olli-Poika Parviainen
Area (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total 2,031.53 km2 (784.38 sq mi)
 • Land 1,785.76 km2 (689.49 sq mi)
 • Water automatic calculation failed km2 (Formatting error: invalid input when rounding sq mi)
Population (2021-12-31)[2]
 • Total 67,994
 • Rank 15th largest in Finland
Time zone EET (UTC+02:00)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+03:00)
Website www.hameenlinna.fi

Hämeenlinna (Finnish: [ˈhæmeːnˌlinːɑ]; Swedish: Tavastehus; Karelian: Hämienlinna; Latin: Tavastum or Croneburgum[3]) is a city and municipality of about 68,000 inhabitants[2] in the heart of the historical province of Tavastia and the modern province of Kanta-Häme in the south of Finland. Hämeenlinna is the oldest inland city of Finland[4] and was one of the most important Finnish cities until the 19th century. It remains an important regional center. The medieval Häme Castle (also Tavastia Castle; Finnish: Hämeen linna) is located in the city.

Hämeenlinna is known as the birthplace of Finnish national composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), and before 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km or 61 mi), Tampere (73 km or 45 mi) and Lahti (72 km or 45 mi), the regional center of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme).

The neighboring municipalities of Hämeenlinna are Akaa, Asikkala, Hattula, Hausjärvi, Hollola, Janakkala, Loppi, Padasjoki, Pälkäne, Tammela, Urjala and Valkeakoski. The former municipalities, Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos, were consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009;[5] with these municipal associations, the Hattula municipality is almost completely surrounded by Hämeenlinna.

The coat of arms of Hämeenlinna is based on the 17th-century town seal, which in turn refers to the Häme Castle built by the Lake Vanajavesi in the Middle Ages, near which the city was founded. The current coat of arms was designed by Gustaf von Numers on the basis of the old coat of arms, and was confirmed on September 21, 1956.[6][7]

Geography

File:Hameenlinna lake vanajavesi.jpg
View of Lake Vanajavesi, next to Hämeenlinna. The Tavastia Castle is visible to the right.

There are a total of 339 lakes in whole or in part in the area of the city of Hämeenlinna. The largest of them are Lake Vanajavesi, Lake Kukkia and Lake Kuohijärvi.[8] The main features of the Hämeenlinna landscape are the Häme Lake Plateau, the Vanajavesi Valley and the Kanta-Häme Grove Center. In many places, the landscapes are marked by the prosperous Tavastian agricultural culture.[9][10]

Climate

Climate data for Hämeenlinna Lammi Pappila (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1963- present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)		 7.8
(46)		 15.9
(60.6)		 23.7
(74.7)		 29.0
(84.2)		 31.8
(89.2)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.6
(90.7)		 25.9
(78.6)		 19.2
(66.6)		 12.8
(55)		 10.2
(50.4)		 33.2
(91.8)
Average high °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 1.6
(34.9)		 8.5
(47.3)		 15.5
(59.9)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.0
(71.6)		 20.5
(68.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 7.5
(45.5)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 8.7
(47.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 3.5
(38.3)		 9.8
(49.6)		 14.2
(57.6)		 16.9
(62.4)		 15.1
(59.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 4.7
(40.5)
Average low °C (°F) −8.6
(16.5)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 3.9
(39)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.6
(52.9)		 10.5
(50.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 1.9
(35.4)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 0.9
(33.6)
Record low °C (°F) −37.4
(−35.3)		 −36.2
(−33.2)		 −28.5
(−19.3)		 −15.9
(3.4)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 0.9
(33.6)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −22.1
(−7.8)		 −34.2
(−29.6)		 −37.4
(−35.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49
(1.93)		 37
(1.46)		 34
(1.34)		 32
(1.26)		 41
(1.61)		 64
(2.52)		 79
(3.11)		 72
(2.83)		 54
(2.13)		 66
(2.6)		 58
(2.28)		 53
(2.09)		 639
(25.16)
Average precipitation days 12 9 8 7 8 10 11 10 9 11 11 12 118
Source #1: FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991-2020[11]
Source #2: Record highs and lows 1963- present[12]

Cityscape

The center of Hämeenlinna is located on the Saarinen Hill on the shores of Lake Vanajavesi, and is bordered on the west by Highway 3 (E12), while Highway 10 bypasses the city to the south and east. The street network in the center is based on a grid pattern drawn up by C. L. Engel in 1832 with the Market Square as its center.[13] On the edge of the market square are the town hall, Hämeenlinna Church and the Häme County Government House.[14] The city center is divided into four districts, which are Linnanniemi, Koilliskulma, Hämeensaari and Saaristenmäki. Raatihuoneenkatu, which has been partially transformed into a pedestrian street, is the most significant shopping street in the city center; for example, at the western end of the street, the Goodman Shopping Center was completed in October 2014.[15]

There are plenty of buildings of different styles in the city center, and in proportion to the city's population, it is quite large and densely built. The most significant expansion direction in the city center in the 2010s has been the Keinusaari district on the other side of Lake Vanajavesi, where, for example, the city's railway station is located. Supplementary construction has also been carried out in the city center on an ongoing basis. The center of Hämeenlinna has been ridiculed as the "Finland's largest lit cemetery".[16]

History

File:Tavastehus.jpg
Hämeenlinna in the 1850s
The Häme Castle in 2015

Vanaja is the name of a settlement next to Vanajavesi that had been in existence since the Viking Age. The castle was built in the late 13th century to secure Swedish power in central Finland. A village was established near Häme Castle to provide services and goods to its inhabitants.

The village was granted city rights on January 19, 1639,[17] but Hämeenlinna, which still after that looked more like a rural village, developed very slowly, which was a typical problem for inland cities in Finland compared to the most prosperous coastal cities.[18] In 1777, King Gustav III of Sweden moved it one kilometre (0.6 miles) south to the hill on which it still stands.[18]

The city is known for its schools and academies where many famous Finns have studied.[19] Schools, government and the military have characterised the life of Hämeenlinna throughout history. Finland's first railway line, the Finnish Main Railway (fi) (Finnish: Suomen päärata, Swedish: Finlands stambanan), opened between Hämeenlinna and Helsinki on March 17, 1862.[20][21][22] The current Hämeenlinna railway station (Rautatieasema in Finnish) was built in 1921.

Demographics

People with a foreign background
Country of origin Population (2017)
 Estonia 485 (0.72%)
 Russia 484 (0.72%)
 Iraq 352 (0.53%)
 Poland 278 (0.41%)
 Afghanistan 218 (0.33%)
 Somalia 208 (0.31%)
 Sweden 206 (0.31%)
 Thailand 141 (0.21%)
 Turkey 130 (0.19%)
 DR Congo 106 (0.16%)

Economy

File:Hämeenlinna linja-auto 4.jpg
Goodman Shopping Centre

The economic structure of Hämeenlinna is close to the national average. In 2015, there were 28,270 jobs in the city. Of these, 75% were in the service sector, 3% in primary production (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) and 21% in processing. The share of the unemployed was 13,6%.[23]

Largest employers (by number of employees) [24]

Education

File:Hämeenlinnan lyseo lukio.JPG
The Hämeenlinna Lyceum

Hämeenlinna is home to HAMK Häme University of Applied Sciences' headquarters.[25] Founded in 1873, Hämeenlinna Lyceum has many cultural influencers. The school is one of the most famous educational institutions in Finland, as many well-known Finns have graduated from the institution; examples include master composer Jean Sibelius and president J. K. Paasikivi.[19] Hämeenlinna Lyceum has a middle school (grades 7–9) and a high school. Another of the high schools in Hämeenlinna's inner city is Kauriala High School. Hämeenlinna's Lyceum and Kauriala High School were to be combined in the fall of 2018 to form a large high school with more than a thousand students on the Hattelmala campus of the Tavastia Education Consortium.[26] However, the city council decided to cancel the high school project in the spring of 2018, and the high schools will continue to be separate.[27]

Culture

Food

In the 1980s, the following dishes were named Hämeenlinna's traditional cuisine: as a daily meal, smoked ham and sourdough; as a festive meal, the herring wrapped in rye dough, i.e. "fish bread", buttermilk and beer, and the riistansylttääjän lintupaisti, which means pheasant stuffed almonds with potato and apple slices.[28]

Sport

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Notable natives or residents

Hämeenlinna: Sibelius House

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland and Twin towns and sister cities
October sunset - Hämeenlinna

Twin towns – Sister cities

Hämeenlinna is twinned with:[29]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ J. G. Th. Graesse: Orbis Latinus (Dresdae: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunsvici, 1972, 3 voll.) (in Latin)
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Бойко Дм. А. Геральдика Великого Княжества Финляндского. – Запорожье, 2013. (in Russian)
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Rakennushistoriaselvitys: Lääninhallituksen rakennukset - Hämeenlinna, 2018 - Arkkitehtitoimisto ark-byroo (in Finnish)
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Hämeenlinnan kaupungin karttapalvelu (in Finnish)
  16. ↑ Suomen suurin valaistu hautausmaa Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine - Hämeen Sanomat (in Finnish)
  17. ↑ HÄMEENLINNA - TAVASTEHUS Kaupunkiarkeologinen inventointi (in Finnish)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Neil Kent: Helsinki: A Cultural History, p. 18. Interlink Books, 2014. ISBN 978-1566565448.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., Taskutietoa Hämeenlinnasta, a factbook published by the city of Hämeenlinna (PDF download, in Finnish)
  25. ↑ Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)
  26. ↑ Hämeenlinnan suurlukio Hattelmalan kampukselle – Yle (in Finnish)
  27. ↑ Kahden lukion malli voitti kaupunginhallituksessa – Hämeenlinnan Kaupunkiuutiset (in Finnish)
  28. ↑ Kolmonen, Jaakko 1988. Kotomaamme ruoka-aitta: Suomen, Karjalan ja Petsamon pitäjäruoat, s. 67. Helsinki: Patakolmonen Ky. (in Finnish)
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

 Akaa (Pirkanmaa) Valkeakoski (Pirkanmaa), Pälkäne (Pirkanmaa) Padasjoki (Päijät-Häme)
Urjala (Pirkanmaa) Asikkala (Päijät-Häme)
Hollola (Päijät-Häme)
  Hämeenlinna
(nearly surrounds Hattula)  
Tammela Loppi, Janakkala Hausjärvi
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