HMS Amphion (1780)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Amphion.

History
United Kingdom
Name:	HMS Amphion
Ordered:	11 June 1778
Builder:	Royal Dockyard, Chatham
Laid down:	1 October 1778
Launched:	27 December 1780
Commissioned:	December 1780
Honours and awards:	Participated in:
Fate:	Blew up, 22 September 1796
General characteristics
Class & type:	fifth rate frigate
Tons burthen:	679.3
Length:	126 ft 1 in (38.43 m) (gundeck) 104 ft 3 in (31.78 m) (keel)
Beam:	35 ft (11 m)
Depth of hold:	12 ft 2 in (3.71 m)
Propulsion:	Sails
Sail plan:	Full rigged ship
Complement:	220
Armament:	32 guns comprising: Upper deck 26 x 12pounders Quarter deck 4 x 6pounders + 4 x 18pounder carronades Forecastle 2 x 6pounders + 2 x 18pounder carronades

HMS Amphion was a Royal Navy 32-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Amazon Class built in Chatham in 1780 which blew up on 22 September 1796.

Service

On 6 September 1781, a small squadron under the command of the Amphion's captain John Bazely, in conjunction with General Benedict Arnold, completely destroyed the town of New London, Connecticut, together with stores and shipping in the harbour.

On 3 January 1782 Amphion recaptured the British sloop Bonetta, which the French had captured at the capitulation of Yorktown on 19 October 1781.

Sinking

On 22 September 1796, Amphion was completing repairs at Plymouth, England. She was lying alongside a sheer hulk close to the dockyard jetty. Being due to sail the next day, she had more than a hundred relatives and visitors on board in addition to her crew.

At about 4 p.m. she exploded without warning, killing 300 out of the 312 aboard. Among the few survivors was her captain, Israel Pellew, who went on to command a ship at the Battle of Trafalgar and ended the Napoleonic Wars as a Rear-Admiral. Pellew had been dining in his cabin with Captain Swaffield of the Overyssel and the First Lieutenant of the Amphion when the explosion threw them about; Pellew managed to rush to the cabin window before a second explosion blew him into the water, whence he was rescued.

Apart from Pellew, two lieutenants, a boatswain, three or four seamen, a marine, one woman, and a child were the only survivors.

The cause of the disaster was never fully proven, but it was thought that the ship's gunner had accidentally spilled gunpowder near the fore magazine which had then accidentally ignited and set off the magazine itself. The gunner had been suspected of stealing gunpowder, and on the day of the disaster he was reported to have been drunk and probably as a result less careful than usual.