Hamina

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Hamina
Fredrikshamn
Town
Haminan kaupunki
Fredrikshamns stad
Clockwise from top-left: St. Mary's Church, the Reserve Officer School, the countryside of Husula neighbourhood, a view from the Sailor Pavilion towards Tervasaari and the historical Town Hall.
Clockwise from top-left: St. Mary's Church, the Reserve Officer School, the countryside of Husula neighbourhood, a view from the Sailor Pavilion towards Tervasaari and the historical Town Hall.
Flag of Hamina
Flag
Coat of arms of Hamina
Coat of arms
Location of Hamina in Finland
Location of Hamina in Finland
Country  Finland
Region Kymenlaakso
Sub-region Kotka-Hamina
Charter 1653
Government
 • Town manager Hannu Muhonen
Area (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total 1,155.14 km2 (446.00 sq mi)
 • Land 609.51 km2 (235.33 sq mi)
 • Water automatic calculation failed km2 (Formatting error: invalid input when rounding sq mi)
Population (2021-12-31)[2]
 • Total 19,709
 • Rank 58th largest in Finland
Time zone EET (UTC+02:00)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+03:00)
Climate Dfb
Website www.hamina.fi

Hamina (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑminɑ]; Swedish: Fredrikshamn, Swedish pronunciation: [freːdriksˈhɑmn], Sweden Swedish: [freːdrɪksˈhamːn]) is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is located approximately 145 km (90 mi) east of the country's capital Helsinki, in the Kymenlaakso region, and formerly the province of Southern Finland. The municipality's population is 19,709 (as of 31 December 2021)[3] and covers an area of 1,155.14 square kilometres (446.00 sq mi), of which [convert: %s]%s is water.[1] The population density is [convert: %s]%s. The population of the central town is approximately 10,000. The municipal language of Hamina is Finnish.

Highway 7 (E18) is the town's road connection to Helsinki, after it was upgraded to a continuous motorway in September 2014. Hamina is also the base of one of the most important harbors of Finland, the Port of Hamina-Kotka. The port specializes in forest products and the transit of cargo to Russia. One of Google's five European data centers is situated in Hamina.[4]

History

Vehkalahti was as a municipality first mentioned in 1336. At the proposal of Count Peter Brahe, the area surrounding the Vehkalahti church (today St. Mary's Church) received its charter in 1653 through the establishment of Vehkalahden Uusikaupunki (Veckelax Nystad in Swedish, "The New Town of Vehkalahti"). The town was later destroyed during the Great Northern War in 1712.[5]

Plan of the Fredrikshamn fortress town (1723) by Axel Löwen

As the commercially vibrant city of Vyborg was lost to Russia in 1721, Fredrikshamn (named in 1723 in the honor of King Frederick I of Sweden) was dedicated to replace it.[6] The town, hitherto a small domestic port with restricted trading privilege's, was granted extensive rights to conduct foreign trade. The Finnish speaking population soon abbreviated the name of the town to Hamina. The reconstruction of the town was completed between 1722 and 1724. The star-shaped fortress and the circular town plan, designed by Axel Löwen, were based on Central European and Italian Renaissance concepts from the 16th century.[5] Fortress towns with a circular street plan like this are quite rare; one example is Palmanova in Italy.[7]

In 1743, Hamina was surrendered to Russia, after the Russo–Swedish War, 1741–1743, and the town of Loviisa was the next Swedish candidate for an Eastern-Finnish trade center. Hamina became a Russian frontier town, for which a fortress was desirable.

The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (1809), by which Sweden ceded Finland, including parts of the province of Lappland and Åland, was signed in Hamina. Thus Sweden was split, and the eastern half was formed into the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. In 1812, the previously conquered territories known as Old Finland (including Hamina) were joined to the Grand Duchy.

Hamina Cadet School was founded in 1819 and was in operation until 1903. In 1920 the Reserve Officer School began in the same facilities.

Because the town was founded next to the Vehkalahti Church, the municipal center had always been inside the town borders. Vehkalahti and Hamina were consolidated in 2003, and the old coat of arms was replaced with Vehkalahti's coat of arms. The old coat of arms was readopted in January 2013.[8]

Results of the 2021 Finnish municipal elections, resulted in The Finns Party being the largest group on Hamina council, in Hamina.[9]

Main sights

Churches

Twin towns

Notable people

See also

References

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  4. Hamina Data Center - Google Data centers
  5. 5.0 5.1 Hamina
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  8. Haminan vaakuna vaihtuu - Haminan kaupunki (in Finnish) Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today
  9. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. Hamina
  11. Hurmaava Hamina - The 15th century church of St Mary and church Museum Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
  12. Churches in Finland
  13. Hurmaava Hamina - Church Of St John Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
  14. Hurmaava Hamina - The Orthodox Church Of St Peter and St Paul Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
  15. Vordingborg Kommune har 17 venskabsbyer Archived 2014-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
  16. Hurmaava Hamina - Info Archived 2011-11-29 at the Wayback Machine

External links