Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke

The Earl of Pembroke
120px Lord Pembroke (print after Gainsborough).
Born	3 July 1734
Died	26 January 1794
Nationality	British
Education	Eton College
Occupation	Cavalry officer
Title	10th Earl of Pembroke and 7th Earl of Montgomery
Spouse(s)	Lady Elizabeth Spencer
Children	George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, 8th Earl of Montgomery
Parent(s)	Henry Herbert

Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke, 7th Earl of Montgomery (3 July 1734 – 26 January 1794) was the son of the ninth earl of Pembroke, and was named after his father. His mother was Mary FitzWilliam, daughter of Richard FitzWilliam, 5th Viscount FitzWilliam. Through this marriage the Herberts in time inherited the substantial FitzWilliam properties in Dublin.

Biography

He was educated at Eton College, and was styled Lord Herbert until he succeeded to his earldoms in 1750. He then became Lieutenant-General in the Army, with the Colonelcy of the 1st Regiment of Dragoons, coming to be an authority on breaking cavalry horses (in 1755 building an indoor Riding School at Wilton House and commissioning 55 paintings of military riding exercises which now hang in the Large Smoking Room, Wilton).

On 23 March 1756 he married the 19-year-old Lady Elizabeth Spencer (January/March 1737-30 April 1831), daughter of Charles Spencer and Elizabeth Trevor.

He bought 40 Queen Anne St, Marylebone (near Oxford Street), London, using "it as a London town-house only during the Season". This must have been before 1760, since early that year he was despatched with his regiment to Germany to take part in the Seven Years' War as Major-General in command of the Cavalry Brigade in Germany until the following year. In 1761 he wrote the British Army's manual on riding, Military Equitation: or A Method of Breaking Horses, and Teaching Soldiers to Ride - this had already reached a 4th edition by 1793, and his methods were adopted throughout the British cavalry.

He returned to England in January 1762, immediately meeting Kitty Hunter, leaving a note for his wife, disguising himself as a sailor and eloping to the Low Countries with Kitty. Horace Walpole commented that "As Pembroke a horseman by most is accounted, /'Tis not strange that his Lordship a [Kitty] Hunter has mounted." Henry was however soon recalled to the Army in Germany, with the pregnant Kitty returning to England and on 23 November 1762 giving birth to their child Augustus Retnuh Reebkomp (later Montgomery - baptised on 25th, with a middle name as Hunter backwards and his surname an anagram of Pembroke). Henry returned to England February the following year and was reconciled to his wife that March.

Henry had another affair on the Continent, in Venice in 1768, apparently carrying the lady off on the very night of her wedding to someone else. She gave birth to their illegitimate child Caroline Medkaff that year or the next.

Henry was appointed a Lord of the Bedchamber to George III in 1769, and advanced to the rank of General in 1782. He died at Wilton at the age of 59.

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, 8th Earl of Montgomery	10 September 1759	26 October 1827	married firstly in 1787, Elizabeth Beauclerk and had issue; married secondly in 1808, Countess Catherine Romanovitch and had issue.
Augustus Retnuh Reebkomp (later changed his surname to Montgomery)	23 November 1762	6 February 1797	illegitimate son by Kitty Hunter.
Charlotte Herbert	14 July 1773	21 April 1784	died from consumption at age 10.
Caroline Medkaff	c.1768/1769		illegitimate (apparently the 10th Earl carried Caroline's mother off the night of her wedding to someone else)

Trivia

• 40 Queen Anne St, London W1G 9EL, is now offices of Lewis Golden and Co.
• Captain Cook's famous ship, the HMS Endeavour, was formerly MS Earl of Pembroke, launched 1765 and so named after this earl.

Sources

• Images of Kitty Hunter
• Henry, Elizabeth and George: Letters and Diaries of Henry, 10th Earl of Pembroke and his Circle (1734–80), 16th Earl, 1939, repub as: The Pembroke Papers vol. I (1734–80), 1942-50.
• The Pembroke Papers vol. II (1780–94), 16th Earl, 1950, [EUL] 9(42073) Pem.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Hyndford	Lord of the Bedchamber 1761–1763	Succeeded by The Earl of Pomfret
Military offices
Preceded by Hon. Henry Seymour Conway	Colonel of the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons 1764–1794	Succeeded by Philip Goldsworthy
Preceded by Robert Monckton	Governor of Portsmouth 1782–1794	Succeeded by William Augustus Pitt
Honorary titles
Preceded by Robert Sawyer Herbert	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1756–1780	Succeeded by The Earl of Ailesbury
Preceded by The Earl of Ailesbury	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1782–1794	Succeeded by The Earl of Pembroke
Peerage of England
Preceded by Henry Herbert	Earl of Pembroke 1750–1794	Succeeded by George Herbert