Heures séculaires et instantanées

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File:Erik Satie portrait.jpg
Erik Satie

Heures séculaires et instantanées (Age-Old and Instantaneous Hours) is a 1914 piano composition by Erik Satie. One of his "humoristic" keyboard suites of the 1910s, it features Satie's famous warning to pianists against reading aloud the fanciful texts that adorned his scores. In performance it lasts about 4 minutes.

Publication of the Heures, like several of Satie's 1914 works, was delayed by the outbreak of World War I. It was finally issued by the firm E. Demets in 1916. Ricardo Viñes gave the premiere at the Galerie Barbazanges in Paris on March 11, 1917.

Text and music

Satie wrote the Heures in June and July 1914, almost immediately after completing Sports et divertissements. In that work his need to express his literary side was restricted by the limits of one page per composition on themes not of his choosing, a challenge he conquered with haikulike precision.[1] Here Satie was able to unleash his imagination with narratives that, on the page at least, seem to demand equal status with the music. "There are as many words as notes!" opined French composer-critic Guy Sacre.[2] Biographer Rollo H. Myers saw in the Heures a foreshadowing of surrealism (a decade before the fact) and a new phase in the interrelationship between text and music in Satie's piano suites: "...for the first time the isolated verbal quips and sallies are replaced by a kind of recitation or monologue, which is an integral part of the composition. This is no longer a running commentary, arbitrarily superimposed and often irrelevant to the music it accompanies; it is a definite narration, of grotesque inspiration, which the music is there to illustrate".[3]

A whimsical concept of Time unifies the suite, which consists of three pieces marked Noirâtre (Blackish), Sans Grandeur (Without Grandeur), and Vivement (Strongly). It is dedicated to an imaginary Englishman, with a real French monarch tossed in for good measure:

To Sir William Grant-Plumot, I pleasantly dedicate this collection. So far, two personalities have surprised me: Louis XI and Sir William: the first, by the strangeness of his good-naturedness; the second, by his continual immobility. It is an honor for me to pronounce here the names of Louis XI and Sir William Grant-Plumot.[4][5]

1. Obstacles venimeux (Venomous Obstacles)[6]

A humorously plodding theme introduces us to the sole inhabitant of a vast landscape - a negro "so bored he could die of laughing". Holding his cerebellum in his right hand so he can think better, he watches snakes cling to his uniform, toads calling each other by name, and a mangrove bathing its filthy roots on the banks of a river. Shadows from ancient trees indicate it is 9:17 - "not a good time for lovers" - and after a brief lively moment the plodding theme limps to a dissonant halt.[7]

2. Crépuscule matinal (de midi) (Morning Twilight [At Midday] )

Accompanied by a light march motif, the narrator airs his grievances against the sun,[8] which "looks like a good fellow" but cannot be trusted because of its tendency to burn up crops and give people sun stroke. These observations conclude with a droll non-sequitur: "Behind the barn an ox is eating itself sick".

3. Affolements granitiques (Granite Panic)

While a rainstorm descends on a dusty old village, the town clock dodders and prepares to strike thirteen hours at 1 PM ("Alas, not the legal time"). Trees slap each other with their branches and granite boulders jostle to see which one can be the most annoying. Near the beginning and end of the piece the clock is illustrated with 13 lugubrious "ticks" in the bass. Satie wraps up the score with one of his favorite musical tricks, disguising an ordinary upward scale passage in arbitrary enharmonic notation.[9]

The warning

At the bottom of the published score's first page, by all appearances a footnote, is Satie's "avertissement" to the players. It has sparked some controversy about his texted piano pieces over the years.

To Whomsoever
I forbid the text to be read out loud during the performance of the music. Failure to conform with these instructions will cause the transgressor to incur my just indignation.
No special exceptions will be granted.[10]
File:Satie age old instant.jpg
Excerpt from the first page of the published score, with Satie's "warning" below the bottom stave

The haughty tone is reminiscent of the half-serious public pronouncements Satie made as a young Montmartre bohemian and leader of his own fictitious church in the 1890s, leading some scholars to believe the statement was tongue-in-cheek.[11] But it confirms that by 1916 some pianists were declaiming the texts for added entertainment value,[12] and the composer evidently took issue with this. Francis Poulenc, who knew Satie well, flatly stated that the warning was no joke and offenders would suffer "pain of major excommunication" when caught; he also recalled the composer telling him "The stories and funny remarks...are rewards for the player" and must not be read out before the performances either.[13] Ornella Volta likewise quoted Satie as saying they were "a secret between the performer and myself".[14] Satiean scholarship has mostly taken him at his word.

But the charm and absurdist wit of Satie's commentaries have always beguiled certain advocates into combining spoken word with the music. As early as 1917 American critic Carl Van Vechten proposed that the texts should be a vital component in presenting the suites, allowing the audience to share in the fun.[15] Possibly the first documented example of this took place at the Sorbonne in Paris on December 7, 1925, during a Satie tribute concert that was broadcast over French Radio PTT. The program included Jane Mortier[16] performing unnamed works of his for "piano parlé" ("talking piano"). Author Caroline Potter mused, "Perhaps it is significant that Mortier waited until Satie had died before carrying out this experiment".[17]

Since the 1950s the idea of interpreting Satie's "humoristic" suites as works for "narrator and piano" has clung most tenaciously to Sports et divertissements, due in part to the popular efforts of American composer-critic Virgil Thomson.[18] But it remains a minor trend. Most mainstream concerts and commercial recordings let Satie's music speak for itself.

Recordings

Notable recordings include those by Aldo Ciccolini (three times, for Angel in 1957 and 1968 and EMI in 1987), Jean-Joël Barbier (BAM, 1967), Frank Glazer (Vox, 1968, reissued 1990), France Clidat (Forlane, 1980), Anne Queffélec (Virgin Classics, 1988), Pascal Rogé (Decca, 1989), Yitkin Seow (Hyperion, 1989), Peter Lawson (EMI, 1989), Jean-Pierre Armengaud (Mandala, 1994), Klára Körmendi (Naxos Records, 1994), Bojan Gorišek (Audiophile Classics, 1994), Olof Höjer (Swedish Society Discofil, 1996), Jean-Yves Thibaudet (Decca, 2003), Håkon Austbø (Ddd, 2005), Cristina Ariagno (Brilliant Classics, 2007), Jan Kaspersen (Scandinavian Classics, 2007), Alexandre Tharaud (Harmonia Mundi, 2009), Jeroen van Veen (Brilliant Classics, 2016), Noriko Ogawa (BIS, 2016).

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Alfred Cortot, "Le cas Erik Satie", La Revue musicale, No. 183, April–May 1938.
  2. ↑ Guy Sacre, Piano Music: Dictionary of Composers and Works, Vol. II, Éditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1998, pp. 2397-2398.
  3. ↑ Rollo H. Myers, Erik Satie, Dover Publications, 1968, pp. 80-82.
  4. ↑ Translated from first edition score available at IMSLP: https://ks4.imslp.net/files/imglnks/usimg/e/e1/IMSLP243833-SIBLEY1802.20117.2008-39087012833440score.pdf
  5. ↑ Satie detectives have long searched for the real identity of Sir William Grant-Plumot, speculating on such figures as William Shakespeare and Satie's archenemy, the critic Willy. No conclusions have been reached. As for the "good-natured" King Louis XI, he was historically known as "The Universal Spider" for his far-flung scheming and ruthlessness. See Ornella Volta (ed.), A Mammal's Notebook: The Writings of Erik Satie, Atlas Press, London, 1996, p. 182, Note 15.
  6. ↑ Obstacles venimeux was one of several piano suites Satie planned in June 1914. He wrote sketches for all three pieces before abandoning it, keeping the title for No. 1 of the Heures. See Robert Orledge, Satie the Composer, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 306-307.
  7. ↑ James Reel, AllMusic review at https://www.allmusic.com/composition/heures-s%C3%A9culaires-et-instantan%C3%A9es-age-old-and-instantaneous-hours-pieces-3-for-piano-mc0002359690
  8. ↑ Satie's hatred of the sun is well-known. See Steven Moore Whiting, Satie the Bohemian: From Cabaret to Concert Hall, Clarendon Press, 1999, p. 369.
  9. ↑ Myers, Erik Satie, p. 81. Satie had used this device, which can cause needless difficulties for the player, as early as in his Sarabandes (1887).
  10. ↑ Pierre-Daniel Templier, Erik Satie, originally published by Presses Universitaires de France, 1932. English translation by The MIT Press, 1969, p. 84, Note 6.
  11. ↑ Caroline Potter, Erik Satie: A Parisian Composer and his World, The Boydell Press, 2016, p. 104.
  12. ↑ Volta, op. cit, p. 181, Note 1.
  13. ↑ Francis Poulenc, "Erik Satie's Piano Music", La Revue Musicale, No. 214, June 1952, pp. 23-26. Reprinted in Nicolas Southon, Francis Poulenc: Articles and Interviews: Notes from the Heart, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2014, pp. 51-53.
  14. ↑ Volta, op. cit., p. 181, Note 1.
  15. ↑ Carl Van Vechten, Interpreters and Interpretations, A.A. Knopf, New York, 1917. Cited by Alan M. Gillmor in "Musico-poetic Form in Satie's 'Humoristic' Piano Suites (1913-14)". Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes, No. 8, 1987, pp. 2-4.
  16. ↑ All but forgotten today, pianist Jane Mortier (1870 - ?) was an important promoter of contemporary French music before and after WWI. She was a friend of Debussy and Ravel and a longtime champion of Satie, who dedicated de Podophthalma from his suite Embryons desséchés (1913) to her.
  17. ↑ Potter, op. cit., pp. 104, 105 and Note 16.
  18. ↑ Thomson began performing Sports this way in NYC during the 1950s, and was translator for its first English edition in 1975. See "Colleagues Honor 90th Birthday of Virgil Thomson, Feisty Man of Music", New York Times, September 21, 1986, at https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/21/arts/colleagues-honor-90th-birthday-of-virgil-thomson-feisty-man-of-music.html.

External links

Heures séculaires et instantanées on YouTube - https://youtube.com/VWfOieRheYQ

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