Highway strip
A highway strip or road runway is a section of a highway or motorway that is specially built to allow landing of (mostly) military aircraft and to serve as a military airbase. These were built to allow military aircraft to operate even if their airbases, the most vulnerable targets in any war, are destroyed. The first highway strips were constructed near the end of World War II in Nazi Germany, where the well developed Reichsautobahn system allowed aircraft to use the motorways. In the Cold War highway strips were systematically built on both sides of the Iron Curtain, mostly in the two Germanys, but also in North Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Poland, Pakistan and Czechoslovakia.
Design
The strips are usually 2 to 3.5 kilometres (1.2 to 2.2 mi) long straight sections of the highway, where any central reservation is made of crash barriers that can be removed quickly (in order to allow airplanes to use the whole width of the road), and other features of an airbase (taxiways, airport ramps) can be built. The road will need a thicker than normal surface and a solid concrete base. The specialized equipment of a typical airfield are stored somewhere nearby and only carried there when airfield operations start. The highway strips can be converted from motorways to airbases typically within 24 to 48 hours. The road would need to be swept to remove all debris before any aircraft movement could take place. In the case of Finnish road airbases, the space needed for landing aircraft is reduced by means of a wire, similar to the CATOBAR system used on some aircraft carriers.[1]
Examples
Nations known to utilise the strategy of highways constructed to double as auxiliary airbases in the event of war are Singapore, Sweden[2] (vägbas, literally meaning "road base"), Finland (maantietukikohta), Germany (NLP-Str - Notlandeplätze auf Straßen, emergency airfields on roads), Poland (DOL - Drogowy Odcinek Lotniskowy, lit "road airfield section"),[3] Republic of China (Taiwan) (戰備跑道 , lit. "war spare runway"), and the former USSR (Аэродромный Участок Дороги, "airfield part of road").
After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, three highway strips were built in the Greek part of Cyprus, easily recognisable by a runway centre line and markings for the touchdown zone. They also all have aircraft turning areas at either end. One is located on the Limassol–Nicosia Highway (5,200 m or 17,100 ft) and one of the Limassol–Larnaca highway (5,000 m or 16,000 ft).[4] The third is a much smaller strip located on the Limassol-Paphos Highway near to Paphos International Airport.[5]
In Poland, as of 2003, only one highway strip is used annually for an exercise.[6]
In Pakistan, The M-1 Motorway (Peshawar-Islamabad) and the M-2 Motorway (Islamabad-Lahore) each include two emergency runway sections of 2,700 m (9,000 ft) length each. The four emergency runway sections become operational by removing removable concrete medians using forklifts. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has used the M2 motorway as a runway on two occasions: for the first time in 2000 when it landed an F-7P fighter, a Super Mushak trainer and a C-130 and, again, in 2010. On the last occasion, the PAF used a runway section on the M2 motorway on 2 April 2010 to land, refuel and take-off two jet fighters, a Mirage III and an F-7P, during its Highmark 2010 exercise.[7]
In regional Australia, several sections of highway are maintained as potential runways for use by the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.
Sweden started to build a few 1,500 m road strips from around 1949. The Six-Day War in 1967 (where the Egyptian Air Force was grounded by a quick surprise attack on air bases) inspired further development. The Viggen fighter/bomber was designed for shorter and narrower road strips which were built in fairly high numbers.
India has successfully tested its runway strip on a stretch of the Greater Noida-Agra Express way, also known as the Yamuna Expressway in Uttar Pradesh on 21 May 2015.[8] It was built at a cost of ₹13,000 Cr for its combat jets of Air Force IAF, a first for military aviation in the country.
Gallery
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PKM1-8.JPG
Road runway section on Pakistan's M-1 Motorway with removable medians
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Road runway section on Pakistan's M-2 Motorway with removable medians
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Swiss Air Force training from prepared highway strips.
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German Reichsautobahn strip in World War II (spring 1945), with Ju 88 heavy fighters parked on the shoulders
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Thunderbold II A10 landing on autobahn 1984 DoD DF-ST-84-09440.jpg
An A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft lands on the autobahn A29 near city of Ahlhorn during NATO-exercise "Highway 84".
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A-10 Thunderbolt II takeoff on Autobahn DoD DF-ST-85-05084.jpg
Rear view of an A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft as it takes off from the autobahn A29 near city of Ahlhorn during NATO-exercise "Highway 84".
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C130 Hercules taxidriving on Autobahn DoD DF-ST-84-09439.jpg
C-130 Hercules aircraft on taxidrive on the autobahn A29 near city of Ahlhorn during NATO-exercise "Highway 84".
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A South Korean Air Force Fairchild C-123K Provider aircraft waits to pick up troops at a highway landing strip during the joint South Korean/United States exercise "Team Spirit '89" on 24 March 1989.
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[full citation needed]
- ↑ Combat Aircraft (European Edition) (magazine), September 2003, page 78
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Combat Aircraft (European Edition) (magazine), September 2003, pages 76-79
- ↑ http://www.paf.gov.pk/press_release/uploaded/MOTORWAY-RELEASE02-04-10.pdf
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
