Hindeloopen Frisian

Hindeloopen Frisian (natively called Hylpers, and Hylpersk in standard West Frisian; also sometimes called Hindeloopers in English, as it is in Dutch) is the archaic Frisian dialect of the small port city of Hindeloopen on the west coast of the Dutch province of Friesland. It has preserved much Old Frisian pronunciation and vocabulary. It is still spoken by some 300 people, almost of all of them elderly, and that number is decreasing.

Written language

Hindeloopen Frisian has been written since the 17th century. In 1981, the Frisian Academy published a dictionary of the dialect.

Development

Due to its position on a peninsula, Hindeloopen was very isolated from the mainland until the 20th century and had for centuries more contact with the coastal cities in Holland on the other side of the South Sea. Because of this, Hindeloopen Frisian underwent greater influence from Hollandic speech than the other dialects of Frisian. The location of Hindeloopen is, however, not a complete explanation for the dialect: until about 1800, Koudum had had a dialect that was very similar to Hindeloopen.

Differences with Standard Frisian

• In Hindeloopen Frisian, the l in the trigraphs âld and âlt is not silent, as it is in Standard Frisian, and the vowel is longer.
• The Standard Frisian “tsj” is reduced to “tj” or “s”; for example, tjian for the standard tsjin (against) and serke for the standard tsjerke (church).
• The digraph ae is still used instead of the modern aa.
• The standard "ú" is written "uu".
• Non-standard letters used: ä, ö, è and ò.

There are also a few lexical differences, such as siie instead of naaie (to sew), tät instead of happe (a child’s word for “horse”) and öie instead of sipel (onion). The dialect’s vocabulary preserves many more words from Old Frisian that are no longer used elsewhere. The differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Hindeloopen Frisian and Standard Frisian are so big that mutual intelligibility is difficult. However, Hindeloopen Frisian has gradually become more like standard Frisian due to increasing contact with speakers of other dialects.