Hiriq
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| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ | |
| IPA | Hebrew: i Yiddish: ɪ |
| Transliteration | i |
| English approximation | Hebrew: ski Yiddish: skip |
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| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נִקּוּד | |
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| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּינוֹק | |
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Hiriq (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חִירִיק ḥiriq IPA: [χiˈʁik]) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a dot ⟨ <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ ⟩ underneath the letter. In Modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /i/ which is the same as the "ee" sound in the English word deep and is transliterated with "i". In Yiddish, it indicates the phoneme /ɪ/ which is the same as the "i" sound in the English word skip and is transliterated with "i".
In Israeli writing a ḥiriq is often promoted to ḥiriq male (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חִירִיק מָלֵא IPA: [χiˈʁik maˈle]) for the sake of disambiguation (see ktiv male). A ḥiriq male in Hebrew spelling is a ḥiriq under the preceding yud ⟨<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי⟩, while in Yiddish orthography the ḥiriq is placed under the yud ⟨<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִ⟩. In writing without niqqud, the ḥiriq is omitted leaving only the yud ⟨<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י⟩. The usage of a consonant (in this case yud) to indicate a vowel comes from mater lectionis.
Pronunciation
The following table contains the pronunciation and transliteration of the different Hiriqs in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The pronunciation in IPA is above and the transliteration is below.
The letter Bet (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ב) used in this table is only for demonstration. Any letter can be used.
| Symbol | Name | Pronunciation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israeli | Ashkenazi | Sephardi | Yemenite | Tiberian | Reconstructed | |||
| Mishnaic | Biblical | |||||||
| בִ | Hiriq | [i] | [i] | [i] | [i] | [i, iː] | ? | ? |
| בִי | Ḥiriq male (Also called, Ḥiriq Yud) |
[i] | [iː] | [iː] | [iː] | [iː] | ? | ? |
Vowel length comparison
These vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew. In addition, the short i is usually promoted to a long i in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation.
| Vowel comparison table | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vowel Length | IPA | Transliteration | English approximation |
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| Long | Short | Very Short | |||
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ | n/a | [i] | i | ski |
| Yiddish orthography style | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vowel | IPA | Transliteration | English approximation |
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| No length distinction | |||||
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִ | [ɪ] | i | skip | ||
Note: In Yiddish orthography only, the glyph, yud-ḥiriq (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִ), pronounced /i/, can be optionally used, rather than typing yud then ḥiriq (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִ). In Hebrew spelling this would be pronounced /ji/. /i/ is written ḥiriq then yud (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי).
Computer encoding
| Glyph | Unicode | Name |
|---|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִ | U+05B4 | HIRIQ |
