Holism and Evolution
Holism and Evolution is a 1926 book by South African statesman Jan Smuts, in which he coined the word "holism",[1][2] although Smuts' meaning is different from the modern concept of holism.[3] Smuts defined holism as the "fundamental factor operative towards the creation of wholes in the universe."[4]
The book was part of a broader trend of interest in holism in European and colonial academia during the early twentieth century.[1] Smuts' philosophy of holism was based in the thoughts behind his earlier book Walt Whitman: A Study in the Evolution of Personality, written during his time in Cambridge.[5][6] He described a "process-orientated, hierarchical view of nature" and has been influential among criticisms of reductionism.[3] Smuts' formulation of holism has also been linked with his political-military activity, especially his aspiration to create a league of nations.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Jan C Smuts: Walt Whitman – a Study in the Evolution of Personality, Wayne State University Press 1973
- ↑ Hancock – Smuts: 1. The Sanguine Years, 1870–1919, p. 28
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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