Horben

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Horben
Coat of arms of Horben
Coat of arms
Horben   is located in Germany
Horben
Horben
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Location of Horben within Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district
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Country Germany
State Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region Freiburg
District Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
Government
 • Mayor Markus Riesterer
Area
 • Total 8.75 km2 (3.38 sq mi)
Population (2013-12-31)[1]
 • Total 1,120
 • Density 130/km2 (330/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 79289
Dialling codes 0761
Vehicle registration FR
Website www.horben.de

Horben from the Schauinsland

Horben is a village in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Geography

Horben is located at the South of the city of Freiburg and East of the Hexental (witches' dale) valley on a high plateau on the Western slope of the Schauinsland mountain range between Mount "Illenberg" (642 m or 2106 ft) and "Eduardshöhe" (Edward's height) (859 m or 2818 ft). In Horben originates the "Bohrer" creek (so called after the "Bohren" or drilling of trunks) and the Selzenbach creek. The upper courses of these creeks and the valleys of the same name are part of the area of Horben which at its lowest point drops to an altitude of about 400 m (1312 ft).

From Horben you have an extensive panoramic view to the mountains Schauinsland, Schönberg (Ebringen), the Rhine Valley, Kaiserstuhl (Baden), the mountain range of the Vosges, and the city of Freiburg. The overall appearance of both the village of Horben and the surrounding landscape which is an area of outstanding natural beauty, an AONB also called Horben, is largely marked by black forest farms. Because of its proximity to the city of Freiburg new housing areas have been developed in the districts Langackern and Bohrer.

Village structure

The municipality Horben includes the village Horben itself and the hamlets Bohrer, Katzental, Langackern, Münzenried, and Gerstenhalm.[2]

Neighboring Municipalities

Neighboring municipalities are the city of Freiburg (in particular its suburb Günterstal) and the municipalities Au, Wittnau, Sölden and St. Ulrich in the Black Forest. Horben is part of the Municipal association Hexental.

Climate

The average annual temperature at the foothills of the Black Forest is just over 9 degrees Celsius, the rainfalls reach annual average values between 900 and 950 mm, in the higher areas up to 1200 mm.

History

Middle Ages

Horben was probably settled from Merzhausen. The village Horben originally belonged to the tithe district of the parish Wittnau which, in turn, was under the rule of the monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland. Barons called Lords of Horwen are mentioned in documents dating back to the beginning of the 12th century. These barons were closely related to the Abbey of Saint Gall. It was reported that they had a castle on "Horben Mountain" (this term was used in the 14th century) before they built the castle Kyburg and the monastery Günterstal on the other side of the Bohrer Valley. In 1265, the mansion “Villa Horven" is mentioned in an official document as an exhibition center. Sovereigns or rulers of Horben were, as legal successors of the Zähringers, the Counts of Freiburg, as well as the families of Munzingen, the lords of Falkenstein, the families Snewlin and Sickingen and the barons of Ferrette and Neveu. Mining and forestry where very important economically. In the Bohrer Valley rafting and the craft of timber drilling were practised. In 1525 Horben consisted of 24 farms in scattered locations, three houses of widows and an orphanage.

Modern Age

In 1582, the city of Freiburg acquired most of the sovereign rights. The oldest known village order dates back to 1586. Until today Horben resisted successfully all attempts of incorporation by Freiburg, but could not prevent that the eastern slope of the Bohrer Valley. which is densely wooded and rich in ore, became part of Freiburg. In Horben lived many miners who worked in the mines of the Schauinsland mountain (also called "Erzkasten" = “Ore Chest”). The local forests were then used by the inhabitants as a "wood pasture" which led to disputes with the city of Freiburg as the owner of the forest. In the course of the Thirty Years' War also the mountain of Horben was completely pillaged by soldiers who were on the prowl. It has been reported that no single cattle was left in Horben in 1645. In an attempt to recultivate the land the city of Freiburg resettled new farmers in the Bohrer Valley who stayed there, however, only until the middle of 19th century. Emperor Joseph II abolished socage in 1784.

Until the construction of the Notschrei-road in 1848 Horben was located on the only road linking Freiburg with the valley of the river Wiese that led to Todtnau by way of Halde, Muggenbrunn and Aftersteg and was often inaccessible in winter. One example for the use of the road is that in January 1814, during the Wars of Liberation against Napoleon, Russian troops passed through Horben on their way from Freiburg to the Wiese valley so that they could cross the Rhine near Basel and invade France. In 1838 the later French Emperor Napoleon III, who grew up and lived in exile in Arenenberg Castle at Lake Constance until 1838, rode with two of his adjutants on the road through the village were even he had to wait in Horben until a funeral cortege had passed. It is highly likely that he chose this difficult road for his escape to London, because at that time France had demanded his extradition from Switzerland.

From the valley of the Wiese came also insurgents who passed through Horben during the Revolution in Baden in 1848/49. Horben was the "base of operations" of Franz Sigel. Here his vanguard under Gustav Struve met a delegation from Freiburg, led by the student Mors who reported that the city had decided on 22 April 1848 to take sides with the rebels and was awaiting Sigel's paramilitary units. In defiance of Sigel's strict orders Struve marched with his 400 men through Günterstal to the valley mouth to what is nowadays is known as Sternwaldeck. There his regiment clashed with the troops of Ducal Baden. Struve's hope that the soldiers would defect to him turned out to be a mistake. There was a brief skirmish near Günterstal, the franc-tireurs were routed and pursued through Günterstal and beyond. In the combat about twenty insurgents and three soldiers were killed. In memory of two of them their comrades erected a monument that still exists today at Jägerbrunnen.

20th Century

Although the villagey character of Horben had remained untouched until the late 19th Century, this changed at the turn of the century when by and by more and more new houses were built. The floor of the Bohrer Valley belongs to the municipality of Horben. there start of the Schauinsland race which has been conducted since 1925 was fixed there initially at the beginning of the Großmatte, later at Friedrichshof. The construction of the valley station of the Schauinslandbahn in 1930, which is within the boundaries of Horben, whereas the summit of the Schauinsland belongs to Freiburg was the cause of yet another unsuccessful attempt by Freiburg to of incorporation by the city of Freiburg.

Berta Buttenmüller remembers that in the course of World War II all the four school grades received their instruction in only one classroom and all the horses were drafted. As there were no tractors in Horben at that time, oxen, bulls and even cows were used to replace them. At that time large amounts of potatoes were grown in Horben. POWs had to help, and some townspeople helped themselves - sometimes even without the consent of the farmers - in agriculture. Whereas Freiburg had to suffer devastating air raids, there was only one bombing from Au across the Luisenhöhe down to the Bohrer valley which, however, did not result in any major damage. After the war, French occupation troops ransacked and looted the houses in Horben. Moreover, many refugees found a new home in the village.

With increasing prosperity the development pressure from Freiburg increased and in Horben village, Bohrer and Langackern large areas where built with new houses. Fortunately they fit into the landscape.

Politics

Horben belongs to the municipal association Hexental.

Municipal council

The local elections on 7 June 2009 with a voter turnout of 72.7% had the following result:[3]

Party / Association Votes Percentage Seats
Christian Democratic Union 2,282 41.52% 4
Free Voters 1,373 24.98% 3
Unabhängiges Bürgerforum 851 15.48% 1
Gemeinsam für Horben 990 18.01% 2

Culture and attractions

Im Dorfmittelpunkt von Horben steht die katholische Pfarrkirche St. Agatha. Sie wurde 1792 in exponierter Lage auf der Hangkante zum Bohrertal errichtet, als das Dorf im Rahmen der Reformen von Kaiser Joseph II. erstmals eine eigenständige Pfarrei wurde. Das barocke Portal wurde bereits im Jahr 1703 von Johann Adam Wissen für die frühere Spitalkirche von Freiburg „vom Heiligen Geist“, geschaffen, die 1805/06 in das ehemalige Klarissenkloster in der Gauchstraße verlegt wurde. Im Giebelfeld erinnert die Heilig-Geist-Taube daran. Auch die hochwertige künstlerische Innenausstattung wurde erst 1823 nach Horben versetzt, ist aber ebenfalls deutlich älter. Am barocken Hochaltar in warmen Blaugrau- und Rottönen ist ein Altarbild des Waldkircher Malers Johannes Winterer angebracht, welches das Pfingstwunder darstellt. Der rechte Seitenaltar stellt die Patronin St. Agatha dar, der linke ist der Muttergottes geweiht. Die Orgel (erbaut 1812 durch Nikolaus Schuble, Pfaffenweiler) weist von diesem Meister neben dem historischen Prospekt (Orgel) die einzigen erhaltenen Register auf. Die Kirche ist im Originalzustand erhalten, frisch renoviert und beliebt auch als Hochzeitskirche. Daneben befinden sich das Pfarrhaus von 1791 und der Friedhof mit Blick in das Bohrertal.

Unweit der Kirche steht der Gasthof „Zum Raben“ (erstmals erwähnt 1604, jetziger Bau von 1805). Der Gasthof spielte früher wegen des steilen Weges zum Schauinsland und nach Todtnau eine wichtige Rolle. Wie es dort im Jahre 1772 zuging, schildert ein Beschwerdebrief: "Der Wirt erwiderte, dass er mit Essen nicht versehen wäre, auch einen Bissen Brot nicht im Hause hätte... Meine Tochter verlangte darauf das Nachtlager... Allen Einwänden zum Trotz mußten sie in einem Bett zusammenschlafen. Nach einer Stunde kam dann auch noch der Wirtsknecht in die gleiche Kammer und legte sich in ein... daran anstoßendes Bett". Heute dagegen bietet der "Raben" allen Komfort für Familienfeiern und gepflegtes Essen, er hat nach sorgsamer Modernisierung seinen Charakter eines alten Dorfgasthofs behalten. Das Rathaus, 1912/13 als Schulhaus im Schwarzwaldstil errichtet, rundet das Dorfzentrum ab.

Im Ortsteil Langackern befindet sich an der Abzweigung der Straße in das Selzental das „Althäusle“. Es ist, wie der Name sagt, ein bereits um 1600 erbautes Leibgedinghaus im Schwarzwaldstil. Bei ihm steht ein altes, besonders schön aus Stein gehauenes Wegkreuz. In der Nachbarschaft liegt das Hotel „Luisenhöhe“ (benannt nach der badischen Großherzogin, geborene Prinzessin Luise von Preußen). Ursprünglich um 1900 erbaut, prägt es durch seine weithin sichtbare Aussichtslage das Ortsbild.

Im Ortsteil Bohrer befinden sich architektonisch interessante Bauten: die Talstation der Schauinslandbahn, der Friedrichshof (ehemaliges Hotel) und die Villa Küchlin, beide 1896 bzw. 1923 erbaut durch Karl Küchlin, letztere entworfen durch den international bekannten Kunstprofessor und Architekten Max Laeuger.

Economy

Traditionell ist Horben durch Land- und (wegen der großen umliegenden Waldgebiete) Forstwirtschaft geprägt – es gibt in Horben immer noch mehrere Haupterwerbs- und viele Nebenerwerbsbetriebe, die heute ihre Produkte teilweise direkt vermarkten und für die Allgemeinheit viele landschaftspflegerische Aufgaben wahrnehmen. Es gibt nur kleinere Handwerks-, Dienstleistungs- und kunstgewerbliche Betriebe im Ort, dagegen kein Gewerbegebiet.

Große Bedeutung hat auch der Fremdenverkehr, der durch die attraktive Lage von Horben, durch überregional bekannte Hotels und Gasthöfe sowie durch zahlreiche Wohnungen für Ferien auf dem Bauernhof, angezogen wird. Der Tourismus wird auch durch die Zugehörigkeit zur Schwarzwaldregion Freiburg und zur „Bergwelt Schauinsland“, durch die Nähe zu der Touristenstadt Freiburg sowie des Elsaß und der Schweiz begünstigt und durch den Verein „Tourismus Horben“ betreut. Horben hat ein weitläufiges Netz von Fahr- und Wanderwegen. Es ist beliebt bei Wanderern und Mountainbikern. Im Bohrertal landen nach dem Start auf dem Schauinsland die Paraglider und Drachenflieger, auch die Downhill-Strecke vom Schauinsland endet hier. 2009 zählte das Dorf 25.000 Übernachtungen.

Infrastructure and traffic

Nach Horben führt von Freiburg-Günterstal über die Landesstraße L 124 (Schauinslandstraße) die Kreisstraße K 4955, die Horben auch mit Au verbindet. Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel von und nach Horben (der Dorfplatz ist Endstation) sind die VAG-Buslinie 21 ab der Endhaltestelle der Straßenbahnlinie 2 in Freiburg-Günterstal und die Schauinslandbahn. Horben ist gut an die nur 8 km entfernte Stadt Freiburg angebunden, hat aber wegen der umgebenden Berge keinen Durchgangsverkehr.

Horben verfügt über eine Grundschule, einen katholischen Kindergarten und eine Gemeindehalle.

Clubs

Horben preserves local traditions and has an active club life. Besides the volunteer fire department there are a music club "Harmonie", chess club, tug of war club, ski club, sports club, and the carnival club "Haibraingeister".

Notable residents

  • Wilderich von Droste zu Hülshoff (* 1948), lawyer, writer and chairman of a foundation
  • Gundolf Fleischer (* 1943), lawyer and politician (CDU), retired state secretary of the government of the German federal state Baden-Württemberg und chairman of "Badischer Sportbund Freiburg" (Sports Association of Freiburg)
  • Hortense von Gelmini (* 1947), painter, musician and writer
  • Karl Küchlin (1864–1935) German-Swiss entrepreneur,theater director, patron and landowner in Horben
  • Bernd Martin (historian) (* 1940), Prof. Dr., former municipal councillor in Horben

References

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  2. Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Vol. IV: Regierungsbezirk Freiburg Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-007174-2. pp. 134-135
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Further reading

  • Buttenmüller, Berta: Erinnerungen – Der zweite Weltkrieg. DB-Verlag, München 2004
  • Frank, P. Suso OFM: St. Agatha Horben. (Hrsg.) Kath. Pfarramt St. Agatha, Horben
  • Kury, Dr. Josef (Hrsg): Horben bei Freiburg – zur Geschichte des Dorfes und des Bohrerwaldes. Villingen
  • Otter, Peter: Friedrichshof im Bohrertal – eine Erzählung. In: Regio-Magazin. August 1988.
  • Sulzmann, Bernd: Historische Orgeln in Baden. Schnell u. Steiner, 1980, S. 148
  • Volle, Henning: Bergrekord am Schauinsland – die Geschichte des berühmten ADAC-Bergrennens. EK-Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-388255-895-1

External links