Interstate 95

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Interstate 95 marker

Interstate 95
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I-95 highlighted in red
Route information
Length: 1,908.48 mi[2] (3,071.40 km)
Existed: 1956 – present
History: Completed September 22, 2018[1]
Major junctions
South end: US 1 in Miami, FL
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North end: Route 95 at the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing
Location
States: Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine
Highway system

Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States,[3] running from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Miami, Florida to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing with New Brunswick, Canada. The highway runs largely parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast and US 1, serving areas from Florida to Maine. In general, I-95 serves the major cities of the Eastern Seaboard and metropolitan areas such as Miami, Jacksonville, Savannah, and Fayetteville in the Southeast; and Richmond, Washington, Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, Newark, and New York City in the Mid-Atlantic States up to New Haven, Providence, Boston, and Portland in New England. The route follows a more direct inland route between Savannah and Washington, notably bypassing the coastal metropolitan areas of Charleston and Norfolk-Virginia Beach, which require connections through other Interstate Highways. (I-26 for Charleston, SC and I-64 for the Virginia Beach area).

I-95 is one of the oldest routes of the Interstate Highway System.[1] Many sections of I-95 incorporated pre-existing sections of toll roads where they served the same right of way.[4] Before I-95 was completed in September 2018, the last gap in I-95's route was in central New Jersey; the main through routes in the area had been I-295, I-195, and the New Jersey Turnpike.[1]

With a length of 1,908 miles (3,071 km), I-95 is the longest north–south Interstate and the sixth-longest Interstate Highway overall.[2] I-95 passes through more states than any other Interstate Highway at 15 states (as well as a very brief stretch in the District of Columbia while crossing the Potomac River). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, only five of the 96 counties (or equivalents) along the route are completely rural,[5] while statistics provided by the I-95 Corridor Coalition suggest that the region served is "over three times more densely populated than the U.S. average and as densely settled as much of Western Europe".[6] According to the Corridor Coalition, I-95 serves 110 million people and facilitates 40 percent of the country’s gross domestic product.[7]

Route description

Lengths
  mi[2] km
FL 382.15 615.01
GA 112.00 180.25
SC 198.76 319.87
NC 181.36 291.87
VA 178.73 287.64
DC 0.11 0.18
MD 110.01 177.04
DE 23.43 37.71
PA 44.25 71.21
NJ 88.99 143.22
NY 23.50 37.82
CT 111.57 179.55
RI 42.36 68.17
MA 91.95 147.98
NH 16.11 25.93
ME 303.20 487.95
Total 1,908.48 3,071.40
250px
End of I-95 southbound at US 1 in Miami, FL
Interstate 95 express lane near Miami, FL
Northbound I-95 at the interchange with I-16 near Savannah, GA
Interstate 95 bridge over Lake Marion, Santee, SC; the old bridge (on the left) was abandoned and converted to a fishing pier, but is now closed even to pedestrian traffic.
Northbound I-95 at its interchange with I-40 near Benson, NC, c. 2009. This interchange has since been renovated.
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Woodrow Wilson Bridge carrying I-95/I-495 across the Potomac River, Washington DC
I-95 northbound at Washington Boulevard, Baltimore, MD
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I-95 southbound on the Delaware Turnpike south of Wilmington, DE
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I-95 southbound at the interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Bristol Township, PA
I-95 splits into the Eastern and Western Spurs of the NJ Turnpike
A view of I-95 (Bruckner Expressway) from the overpass at Westchester Avenue, Bronx, NY
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I-95 crossing the Connecticut River in Old Saybrook/Old Lyme, CT
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End of I-95 northbound at US–Canadian border
1955 plans for the Interstate Highway System

Florida

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Main article: Interstate 95 in Florida

I-95 begins at U.S. Route 1 just south of downtown Miami and heads north through Ft. Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, the Gold Coast, Treasure Coast, Space Coast, Daytona Beach, Port Orange, Saint Augustine, and then Jacksonville before entering the U.S. state of Georgia near Brunswick. This portion of the highway was notably featured in the film Flight of the Navigator when the spaceship flew along the highway towards Miami.[8] In Miami and Ft. Lauderdale, SunPass Express lanes pass over the highway.

Prior to 1987, a notable gap used to exist between West Palm Beach and Fort Pierce where I-95 traffic was diverted to Florida's Turnpike. Today, that routing runs parallel with the turnpike.[9][10][11]

In the year 2010, the Florida section of I-95 had the most fatalities of all Interstate Highways.[12]

Georgia

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Main article: Interstate 95 in Georgia

The Georgia section of Interstate 95 travels through the marshlands closely following the coastline but bypassing the cities of Brunswick and Savannah. It intersects Interstate 16 and then crosses into South Carolina.[citation needed] The exit numbers were converted from a sequential system to a mileage based system around the year 2000.[13]

The Carolinas

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Main articles: Interstate 95 in North Carolina and Interstate 95 in South Carolina

In the Carolinas, I-95 travels west of the coastal sections and indirectly serves popular destinations such as the Outer Banks, Myrtle Beach, Fripp Island, and Hilton Head via various side routes (US 21 for Fripp Island). I-95 notably bypasses the major cities of Charleston and Raleigh while intersecting I-20 at Florence and I-40 at Benson. I-95 also intersects I-26 near Harleyville and US 15 near Orangeburg, then passes the South of the Border attraction immediately before crossing into North Carolina.

In North Carolina, I-95 informally serves as the separation between the state's western piedmont and eastern coastal plain regions. Rocky Mount and Fayetteville are the largest cities along I-95 in North Carolina. After Gaston, I-95 crosses into Virginia.

Mid-Atlantic region

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Main articles: Interstate 95 in Virginia, Interstate 95 in Maryland, Interstate 95 in Delaware, Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania, Interstate 95 in New Jersey, and Interstate 95 in New York

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For the short portion of the Interstate in Washington, DC, see Woodrow Wilson Bridge.

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See also: Pennsylvania Turnpike

I-95 enters the Mid-Atlantic region in Virginia and travels through some of the most populated areas along the east coast. I-95 is concurrent briefly with I-64 in the middle of Richmond before heading toward Northern Virginia. In the Washington Metropolitan Area, it is concurrent with the Capital Beltway, passing through the southernmost corner of the District of Columbia for about 0.11 miles (0.18 km) via the Woodrow Wilson Bridge[14] before entering Maryland where it bends away from the Beltway toward Baltimore. From the tunnels of Baltimore to the bridges of New York, I-95 is mostly a tolled road. I-95 connects to an unsigned portion of the New Jersey Turnpike via I-295 near Wilmington, DE where drivers can bypass Philadelphia through South Jersey between exits 1 and 6. I-95 itself passes through Philadelphia, enters New Jersey on the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge and runs concurrently with the New Jersey Turnpike north of exit 6.[15] I-95 connects to New York via the George Washington Bridge.

I-95 in New York comprises several named expressways, the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, the Cross Bronx Expressway, the Bruckner Expressway, and the New England Thruway. From New Jersey, it is briefly co-signed with U.S. 1 and U.S. 9 (U.S. 9 quickly exits in NY and heads toward Broadway and U.S. 1 stays on I-95 to the Webster Ave exit). There are many interchanges within this 23-mile (37 km) stretch that connects New York City to Albany, Upstate New York, and Long Island. I-95 then becomes the New England Thruway to Connecticut, where it continues as the Connecticut Turnpike.[16]

New England

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Main articles: Interstate 95 in Connecticut, Interstate 95 in Rhode Island, Interstate 95 in Massachusetts, Interstate 95 in New Hampshire, and Interstate 95 in Maine

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See also: Connecticut Turnpike

I-95 enters the region of New England in the state of Connecticut and follows along the southern part of the state within miles of the coast in a more east–west direction. I-95 intersects the southern ends of both I-91 in New Haven and I-395 at the East Lyme and Waterford town lines. After going by Groton, the route slowly curves back northward. After crossing the Rhode Island state line, it goes in a northeast-southwest direction passing through Rhode Island's capital of Providence. The highway then enters Massachusetts heading through Boston's southwestern suburbs, before going through the outskirts of the city while running concurrently with Route 128. In Lexington, Massachusetts it intersects Route 2 and then Route 2A. North of Boston in Peabody, Massachusetts, I-95 turns north, and Route 128 turns east, terminating in Gloucester. I-95 passes through the New Hampshire Seacoast Region, through Portsmouth and then into Maine, following the Maine Turnpike to Augusta and continuing as a free highway to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing. It intersects US 1 and the east end of US 2 before entering the province of New Brunswick as Route 95.[17]

History

Many parts of I-95 were made up of toll roads that had already been constructed or planned, particularly in the northeast.[18] Many of these routes still exist today, but some have removed their tolls. Outside of Florida, current I-95 toll facilities are compatible with the E-ZPass electronic payment system; in Florida, while I-95 can be driven toll-free, use of the '95 Express Managed Toll Lanes' requires a SunPass transponder.

The toll roads utilized as part of I-95 formerly included Florida's Turnpike, the Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike (tolled until 1992), and the Connecticut Turnpike (tolled until 1985). Additionally, the Fuller Warren Bridge, spanning the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida, was tolled until the 1980s. Today, tolls remain on the Fort McHenry Tunnel, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway, the Delaware Turnpike, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the New Jersey Turnpike, the George Washington Bridge, the New England Thruway, the New Hampshire Turnpike, and the Maine Turnpike.

Until 2018, a gap existed on I-95 within New Jersey. From Pennsylvania, I-95 entered the state on the Scudder Falls Bridge, and continued east to US 1 in Lawrence Township. Here, I-95 abruptly ended and transitioned into I-295. From New York, I-95 entered the state on the George Washington Bridge and followed the New Jersey Turnpike south to exit 6, ran along an extension of the turnpike, and ended on the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge at the Pennsylvania state line, where the route transitioned into I-276. This discontinuity was caused by the 1983 cancellation of the Somerset Freeway, a planned alignment of I-95 further inland from the turnpike. In order to close the gap, an interchange was constructed where I-95 crosses the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Bristol Township, Pennsylvania. After the first components of the interchange opened on September 22, 2018, I-95 was rerouted onto the Pennsylvania Turnpike, meeting up with where I-95 previously ended at the state line. This project closed the last remaining gap in the route. [1] The former section of I-95 between the Pennsylvania Turnpike and US 1 in Lawrence became an extension of I-295. The interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike will be expanded in the future, connecting northbound I-95 with the westbound turnpike, and the eastbound turnpike with southbound I-95.[19]

Between Richmond, Virginia, and New Jersey a few large projects were undertaken that are helping to ease traffic along the corridor. The reconstruction of the Springfield Interchange in Northern Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., helped to ease traffic at the intersection of I-95, I-495, and I-395, and surrounding interchanges. The Springfield Interchange is one of the busiest highway junctions on the East Coast, serving between 400,000 and 500,000 vehicles per day. With the exception of HOT lanes on the Capital Beltway (I-495/I-95), this project was completed in July 2007.[20] A few miles to the east was another major project: the Woodrow Wilson Bridge replacement. The bridge carries I-95/I-495 over the Potomac River. The former Woodrow Wilson Bridge, which has since been demolished, was a six-lane bridge that was severely over-capacity. The new bridge is actually two bridges with a total of 12 lanes; five in each direction, with an additional lane in each direction for future use (rapid-bus or train). This project was completed with the 10 lanes opened on December 13, 2008, greatly reducing the traffic delays on the beltway. The lanes are divided into two thru-lanes and three local lanes in each direction. About 30 miles (48 km) north of the Wilson Bridge, and about 20 miles (32 km) south of Baltimore near Laurel, Maryland, construction on a large new interchange began in 2008, was scheduled for completion in late 2011, and opened to traffic on November 9, 2014, which connects I-95 to Maryland Route 200.

In 2006, the Virginia General Assembly passed SJ184, a resolution calling for an interstate compact to build a toll highway between Dover, Delaware, and Charleston, South Carolina, as an alternative to I-95 that would allow long-distance traffic to avoid the D.C. Metropolitan area.[21]

Federal legislation has identified I-95 through Connecticut as High Priority Corridor 65. A long-term multibillion-dollar program to upgrade the entire length of I-95 through Connecticut has been underway since the mid-1990s and is expected to continue through at least 2020. Several miles of the Connecticut Turnpike through Bridgeport were widened and brought up to Interstate standards. Work has shifted to reconstructing and widening 12 miles (19 km) of I-95 through New Haven, which includes replacing the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge. Environmental studies for reconstructing and widening 60 miles (97 km) of I-95 from New Haven to the Rhode Island state line are also progressing.

There are plans to expand the 1,054-mile (1,696 km) I-95 corridor from Petersburg, Virginia, to Florida through a U.S. multi-state agreement to study how to improve the corridor through widening and reconstruction, with the goal of reducing congestion and improving overall safety for years to come.[22]

I-95 from the South Carolina–Georgia line to the freeway's southern terminus in South Florida has been widened to a minimum of six lanes. The section from Jacksonville to the I-4 junction in Daytona Beach was expanded to six lanes in 2005. Projects begun in 2009, widening the roadbed in Brevard County from the SR 528 junction in Cocoa to Palm Bay, as well as in northern Palm Beach County. The last segments of I-95 in Florida to remain at only four lanes have now been upgraded, providing motorists with about five-hundred miles of continuous six-lane roadbed.

In 2009, state legislators representing Maine's Aroostook County proposed using federal economic stimulus funds to extend I-95 north to Maine's northernmost border community of Fort Kent via Caribou and Presque Isle.[23] The proposed route would parallel New Brunswick's four-lane, limited access Trans-Canada Highway on the U.S. side of the Canada–United States border. Legislators argued that extension of the Interstate would promote economic growth in the region.

Major intersections

Florida
US 1 in Miami
US 41 in Miami
Turnpike in Golden Glades
I-595 in Fort Lauderdale
US 98 in West Palm Beach
I‑4 in Daytona Beach
US 92 in Daytona Beach
I-295 in Jacksonville
US 90 in Jacksonville
I‑10 / US 17 in Jacksonville
US 23 in Jacksonville
Georgia
US 17 / US 82 in Brunswick
US 84 near Midway
I‑16 in Savannah
US 80 in Pooler
South Carolina
US 278 near Port Royal
US 15 near Orangeburg
US 21 in Yemassee
I‑26 near Harleyville
I‑20 in Florence
US 52 near Florence
North Carolina
I‑74 / US 74 near Lumberton
I‑295 / US 13 in Eastover
I‑40 in Benson
US 70 in Selma
I‑795 / US 264 in Wilson
US 64 in Rocky Mount
Virginia
I‑85 / US 460 in Petersburg
I‑295 near Petersburg
I‑64 in Richmond
I‑195 in Richmond
I‑395 / I‑495 in Springfield
District of Columbia
none
Maryland
I-295 near Forest Heights
I-495 near Adelphi
US 50 near Glenarden
I-895 near Baltimore
I-195 near Baltimore
I-695 near Baltimore
I-395 in Baltimore
US 40 in Baltimore
Delaware
I‑295 / I‑495 / US 202 in Newport
DE 1 / DE 7 in Cristiana
Pennsylvania
US 322 in Chester Township
I-476 in Ridley Township
I‑76 in Philadelphia
I-676 / US 30 in Philadelphia
I-295 / I-276 / Penna Turnpike in Bristol
New Jersey
N.J. Turnpike in Mansfield Township
I‑287 in Edison Township
G.S. Parkway in Woodbridge Township
I‑278 in Elizabeth
I‑78 in Newark
I-280 in Kearny
I‑80 in Teaneck
New York
US 9 in Manhattan
I-87 in The Bronx
I-278 / I-295 / I-678 in Throggs Neck
I-287 in Rye
Connecticut
US 7 in Norwalk
I‑91 in New Haven
Route 9 in Old Saybrook
I-395 in East Lyme
Route 32 in New London
Route 12 in Groton
Rhode Island
Route 138 in Richmond
I‑295 in Warwick
I‑195 / US 6 in Providence
US 6 / Route 10 in Providence
Route 146 / US 44 in Providence
Massachusetts
Route 1A in Attleboro
Route 123 in Attleboro
I‑295 in Attleboro
I‑495 in Mansfield
Route 140 in Foxborough
I‑93 / US 1 / Route 128 in Canton
Route 9 in Wellesley
Route 16 in Newton
I‑90/Mass Pike in Newton
US 20 in Waltham
Route 2 in Lexington
US 3 in Burlington
I‑93 in Woburn
Route 128 in Peabody
I‑495 in Amesbury
New Hampshire
NH 101 in Hampton
US 4 / NH 16 / Spaulding Turnpike in Portsmouth
Maine
I‑195 in Saco
I‑295 near Portland
I‑495 in Portland
I‑395 in Bangor
US 1 in Houlton
US 2 in Houlton
Route 95 in Houlton

Auxiliary routes

Interstate 95 has many auxiliary routes. They can be found in most states the route runs through; with exceptions being Georgia, South Carolina, and New Hampshire. Business routes also exist in both Georgia and North Carolina.

Florida
  • Interstate 195, a spur into Miami; Northern of the 2 spurs (Other is I-395)
  • Interstate 295, a beltway around Jacksonville
  • Interstate 395, a spur into Miami; Southern of the two Spurs into Miami (other is I-195)
  • Interstate 595, a spur West of I-95 to I-75 and East of I-95 to Fort Lauderdale
  • Interstate 795, future Designation along Florida Route 9B
North Carolina
Virginia
District of Columbia
Maryland
Delaware, Pennsylvania, & New Jersey
New York
Connecticut, Rhode Island, & Massachusetts
Maine

See also

References

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  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[self-published source]
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


Further reading

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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