ICMP tunnel
An ICMP tunnel [1] (also known as ICMPTX) establishes a covert connection between two remote computers (a client and proxy), using ICMP echo requests and reply packets. An example of this technique is tunneling complete TCP traffic over ping requests and replies.
Technical details
ICMP tunneling works by injecting arbitrary data into an echo packet sent to a remote computer. The remote computer replies in the same manner, injecting an answer into another ICMP packet and sending it back. The client performs all communication using ICMP echo request packets, while the proxy uses echo reply packets.
In theory, it is possible to have the proxy use echo request packets (which makes implementation much easier), but these packets are not necessarily forwarded to the client, as the client could be behind a translated address (NAT). This bidirectional data flow can be abstracted with an ordinary serial line.
ICMP tunneling is possible because RFC 792, which is IETF's rules governing ICMP packets, allows for an arbitrary data length for any type 0 (echo reply) or 8 (echo message) ICMP packets.
Uses
ICMP tunneling can be used to bypass firewalls rules through obfuscation of the actual traffic. Depending on the implementation of the ICMP tunneling software, this type of connection can also be categorized as an encrypted communication channel between two computers. Without proper deep packet inspection or log review, network administrators will not be able to detect this type of traffic through their network.[2]
Mitigation
One way to prevent this type of tunneling is to block ICMP traffic altogether, but this is not realistic for environments that rely on ICMP traffic. Another method for mitigating this type of attack is to only allow fixed sized ICMP packets through firewalls, which can impede or eliminate this type of behavior.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://protocol.korea.ac.kr/publication/Covert%20Channel%20Detection%20in%20the%20ICMP%20Payload%20Using%20Support%20Vector%20Machine.pdf
- ↑ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.61.5798&rep=rep1&type=pdf
External links
- RFC 792, Internet Control Message Protocol
- itun Simple IP over ICMP tunnel
- Hans ICMP tunnel for Linux (server and client) and BSD MacOSX (client only)
- ICMP-Shell a telnet-like protocol using only ICMP
- PingTunnel Tunnel TCP over ICMP
- ICMP Crafting by Stuart Thomas
- Using the ICMP tunneling tool Ping Tunnel
- Project Loki Article on ping tunneling in Phrack
- ICMP tunnel with C# source code
- icmptunnel IP over ICMP tunnel by Dhaval Kapil
