Ilyushin Il-96

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Il-96
Aeroflot Il-96-300 RA-96008 SVO 2011-3-10.png
An Aeroflot Il-96-300
Role Widebody jet airliner
Design group Ilyushin
Built by Voronezh Aircraft Production Association
First flight September 28, 1988
Introduction December 29, 1992 with Aeroflot
Status In service
Primary user Rossiya
Cubana
Polet Airlines
Produced 1993–present
Number built 29
Unit cost
US$ 40–50 million
Developed from Ilyushin Il-86

The Ilyushin Il-96 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-96) is a four-engined long-haul wide-body airliner designed by Ilyushin in the former Soviet Union and manufactured by the Voronezh Aircraft Production Association in Voronezh, Russia. It is powered by four Aviadvigatel PS-90 two-shaft turbofan engines.

Design and development

Inside an Ilyushin Il-96 operated by Cubana de Aviación

The Ilyushin Il-96 is a shortened, long-range, and advanced technology development of the Soviet Union's first widebody airliner, the Ilyushin Il-86. It features supercritical wings fitted with winglets, a glass cockpit, and a fly-by-wire control system. It was first flown in 1988 and certified in 1992. The basic Il-96-300 is equipped with modern Russian avionics integrating six multi-function colour LCD displays, inertial and satellite navigation systems, and a Traffic Collision Avoidance System (including mode "S"). It allows the airplane to be operated with two crew members. The avionics correspond to modern requirements on international routes in Europe and North America (RNP-1) and allow navigation and landing under ICAO CAT III/A conditions. The Il-96 is offered in three main variants: the Il-96-300, Il-96M/T and Il-96-400.[citation needed]

The Il-96-300 has a standard passenger capacity of 262 seats in a two-class configuration with 18 seats with a seat pitch of 54 inches (140 cm) and 244 seats with a pitch of 32 inches (81 cm), of which typical seating is 3-3-3 (layout), but low density seating is 2-4-2 (layout possible). Galleys are positioned on the upper deck, and the lower deck can accommodate 18 LD-3 containers and crew rest areas. Although its list price is more than 30% lower than equivalent Western types, Russian airlines are not particularly eager to buy it.[citation needed]

Cockpit of an Aeroflot Il-96-300

In June 2005, the Volga-Dnepr Group signed a 15-year financial agreement with Ilyushin Finance Corporation (IFC) to take delivery of two new-build Il-96-400T aircraft. The aircraft will be operated by Volga-Dnepr's subsidiary AirBridge Cargo. The first was due to have been delivered in late 2006.[1]

The Cuban Government newspaper Granma announced on 3 January 2006 the first official flight of the Cubana Il-96-300, from Havana to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[2]

On August 11, 2009 Russian Minister of Industry and Trade Viktor Khristenko announced that the manufacturing of the long-range aircraft of this class would be cancelled. In particular, the Il-96-300 had been deemed inferior to counterparts from Boeing and Airbus, and the manufacturer could not arrange commercially viable mass production, making only one plane per year.[3] The cargo version of the plane, Il-96T, will remain in production. This effectively means that Russia is left without a domestically manufactured long-range wide-body passenger plane.

On October 9, 2015, it was announced that Russia might resume production of the Il-96, in an updated version. This decision was taken due to the current diplomatic situation between Russia and the West, and the dependency of the Russian Aerospace Industry to Boeing and Airbus.[4]

Variants

There are two variants of the Il-96. The Il-96-300 was launched in 1985 with introduction into service in 1993. The Il-96M was launched in 1993 with introduction into service in 2000.

Il-96-300

Cubana de Aviación Ilyushin Il-96-300

The Il-96-300 is the initial variant and is fitted with Aviadvigatel (Soloviev) PS90A turbofans with a thrust rating of 16,000 kgf (157 kN, 35,300 lbf). Development started in mid-80s while the first prototype flew on 28 September 1988. The first Il-96 entered service with Aeroflot in 1993.[citation needed]

Range with 262 passengers and fuel reserves (for holding 75 minutes at an altitude of 450 m) in a two-class configuration is about 11,000 km (5,940 nmi), allowing flights from Moscow to US west coast cities, a far improvement over the Ilyushin Il-86. A highly customized version of the Il-96-300, called Il-96-300PU is used as the primary aircraft in the Russian presidential aircraft fleet. Three were used by Russian president Vladimir Putin, and by Dmitry Medvedev as VIP planes. The VIP aircraft is operated by Russia State Transport Company.[5]

This variant also comes in a longer-range version dubbed Il-96-300V.

Il-96M

File:MAKS-2007-1.jpg
Il-96T in Atlant-Soyuz Airlines livery at the MAKS Airshow, August 2007

The Il-96M is a stretched variant of the Il-96-300. It features a 10 m (30 ft) fuselage stretch, is 15 tonnes (33,000 lb) heavier, is fitted with Western-style avionics, and is powered by four Pratt & Whitney PW2337 engines with a thrust rating of 165 kN (37,000 lbf). Range with 312 passengers in a three-class configuration or 92 tonne (203,000 lb) payload is about 10,400 km (5,600 nmi). This turned it into a true—but vastly more capable—Il-86 successor. The Il-96M/T is broadly comparable with the Airbus A330-300 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11CF, but is much cheaper. Development on the M/T variant stalled when the US Export-Import Bank suspended talks on financing the engines and avionics, following pressure from Boeing. The dispute was later settled following an Aeroflot order for ten Boeing 737-400s—placed in April 1997 in a deal worth US$440 million— that were granted a tax exemption by the Russian government; nevertheless, the financing was blocked again when four Boeing 767-300ERs also ordered by Aeroflot were not included in the accorded exemption. The deal was never realised.

Il-96T

This is the freighter version of the Il-96-400. It is powered by four Pratt & Whitney PW2337 or Aviadvigatel PS-90A1 engines.[citation needed]

Il-96-400

The Il-96-400 is similar to the Il-96M, but features Russian avionics and engines. It is powered by four Aviadvigatel PS90-A1 turbofans and can carry up to 436 passengers. Typical two-class configuration will have 386 passengers. Range with 315 passengers in a three-class configuration is about 10,000 km.[6] A special version, dubbed Il-96-400VT, was reported on Friday 19 March 2010 by the Wall Street Journal to bid on the US $40 billion Air Force Tanker Program contract.[7] In February 2013, Cubana signed a deal for the order of three 350-seater Ilyushin Il-96-400s.[8]

Il-96-400TZ

In January 2015, a new tanker variant of the Il-96, designated the Il-96-400TZ, was introduced, with an initial order for two aircraft placed by the Russian Ministry of Defense.[9]

The new tanker aircraft Il-96-400TZ will be able to transfer more than 65 tons (IL-78M 40 tons) of fuel at a distance of up to 3500 km (Il-78M 2000 km). Universal aviation refueling systems ORM-1, proven on existing combat aircraft tankers Il-78/78М, will be installed on the aircraft.[10][11]

Operators

Current operators

As of November 2015, current operators of the Ilyushin Il-96 are:[citation needed]

Operator Aircraft Type In Service On Order Stored
Russia Aeroflot Il-96-300 — — 5
Cuba Cubana de Aviación Il-96-300 4 — —
Russia Ilyushin Il-96-300 1 — —
Russia Rossiya (government fleet) Il-96-300 8 — —
Russia VASO Il-96-400T — — 1
Russia Russian Ministry of Defence Il-96-400TZ — 2 —
Total 13 2 6

Production by year

Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Prod 1 1 2 0 2 1 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Prod 1 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 1

Accidents and incidents

Specifications

Measurement Il-96-300 Il-96M Il-96T Il-96-400
Length 55.3 m (181 ft 7 in) 64.7 m (212 ft 3 in) 63.939 m (209 ft 9.28 in)
Span 60.11 m (197 ft 3 in)
Wing area 350 m² (3767.9 ft²)
Wing sweep 30°
Flaps/Slats I – 2°/3° (275 KIAS), II 3°/25° (264 KIAS), III – 10°/25° (243 KIAS),
IV – 25°/25° (210 KIAS) for Takeoff, V – 40°/25° (189 KIAS) for Landing
Cabin width 5.70 m (18.70 ft) [13]
Fuselage Diameter 6.08 m (19.94 ft)
Height 15.7 m (57 ft 7 in)
Operating Empty Weight 120,400 kg (265,198 lb) 132,400 kg (291,630 lb) 116,400 kg (256,387 lb) 122,300 kg (269,383 lb)
Max. Zero Fuel Weight 180,000 kg (403,000 lb) 208,400 kg (459,030 lb)
Max. Landing Weight 183,000 kg (403,083 lb) 220,000 kg (484,581 lb) 220,000 kg (484,581 lb) 220,000 kg (484,581 lb)
Max. Take-off Weight 250,000 kg (551,000 lb) 270,000 kg (595,000 lb) 270,000 kg (594,713 lb) 265,000 kg (583,700 lb)
Max. Payload 40,000 kg (88,105 lb) 58,000 kg (127,753 lb) 92,000 kg (202,643 lb) 58,000 kg (127,753 lb)
Takeoff Run at MTOW 2,340 m (7,677 ft) 3,000 m (9,843 ft) 2,700 m (8,858 ft) 2,700 m (8,858 ft)
Landing Run 860 m (2,821 ft) 1,800 m (5,906 ft) 1,650 m (5,511 ft) 1,650 m (5,511 ft)
Cruising speed 0.78 to 0.84 Mach or 850 to 870 km/h TAS (459 to 469 KTAS)
Maximum speed (Vmo) 0.84 Mach or 900 km/h IAS (485 KIAS)[14]
Service ceiling 13,100 m (43,000 Ft)
Cruise Altitude 9,000 to 12,000 m (29,527 to 39,370 Ft)
Range with max. payload 11,500 km (6,209 nmi) 12,800 km (6,907 nmi) 5,000 km (2,699 nmi) 10,000 km (5,400 nmi)
Range with max. fuel 13,500 km (7,289 nmi) 15,000 km (8,100 nmi) 12,000 km (6,479 nmi) 12,000 km (6,479 nmi)
Max. Fuel capacity 152,620 l (40,322 US gal)
Engines (x4) Aviadvigatel PS-90A[15] Pratt & Whitney PW2037 Pratt & Whitney PW2337
or
Aviadvigatel PS-90A1		 Aviadvigatel PS-90A1[16]
Thrust (x4) PS-90A: 156.9 kN
(35,242 lb)
N2:10,425 RPM		 170.1 kN
(38,250 lb)
N2:12,360 RPM		 PW2337: 162.8 kN
(36,600 lb)
N2:12,360 RPM		 PS-90A1: 170.7 kN
(38,326 lb)
Engine Dry Weight (x4) 2,950 kg
(6,497 lb)		 3,314 kg
(7,300 lb)		 PW2337: 3,314 kg
(7,300 lb)		 2,950 kg
(6,497 lb)
Cockpit crew Three Two Two (op. Three)
3-class Seating capacity 237 307 315
2-class Seating capacity 263 340 386
1-class Seating capacity 300 420 436
Cargo Capacity F.H.1: 9,000 kg (Front)
F.H.2: 15,000 kg (Back)
F.H.3: 1,000 kg (Back)
6 LD3 (front)
10 LD3 (Rear)		 580 m³ main deck
114 m³ front lower deck
82 m³ rear lower deck
18 LD3 (Front)
14 LD3 (Rear)		 114 m³ front lower deck
82 m³ rear lower deck

18 LD3 (Front)
14 LD3 (Rear)

Data from Ilyushin Aviation Complex,[17] FAA Certification Document A54NM and Il-96-300 Pilot Manual

Aircraft lifetime

Il-96-300/-400 aircraft lifetime
Years 20
Landings 20,000
Flying hours 60,000

Avionics

PS-90A engine

The airplane has the following systems installed, providing compliance with ICAO recommendations and Eurocontrol requirements:

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ [1]
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  14. ↑ The Vmo values for military operation are higher
  15. ↑ All the PS-90A turbofan can be upgraded to the new PS-90A2 version, with the latest generation FADEC of western design and many other improvements. The maintenance costs are reduced by 40%. The fuel consumption (SFC) of this version is equivalent to current Western turbofans. PS-90A2 variant meets the ETOPS-180 rules, ICAO-4 and AP-33 (equivalent to FAR-33/JAR-33). The Maximum thrust is 16,000 kg or 18,000 kg. [2]
  16. ↑ Ilyushin has not ruled out the possibility to install other engines (PW, RR, or CFM), depending on the number of requests from customers.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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