Illinois's 2nd congressional district

Illinois's 2nd congressional district
Illinois' 2nd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Current Representative		Robin Kelly (D–Matteson)
Area	1081 mi2
Distribution	94.7% urban, 3.3% rural
Population (2011 est.)	718,507
Median income	$45,572
Ethnicity	36.7% White, 55.5% Black, 0.8% Asian, 13.3% Hispanic, 0.1% Native American, 4.4% other
Cook PVI	D+29

Illinois' 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Based in the south suburbs of Chicago, the district includes southern Cook county, eastern Will county, and Kankakee county, as well as the city of Chicago's far southeast side.

2011 redistricting

The district covers parts of Cook and Will counties and all of Kankakee, as of the 2011 redistricting which followed the 2010 census. All or parts of Bradley, Bourbonnais, Calumet City, Chicago, Chicago Heights, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Kankakee, Lansing, Markham, Matteson, Park Forest, Richton Park, Riverdale, Sauk Village, Steger and Thornton are included. The representatives for these districts were elected in the 2012 primary and general elections, and the boundaries became effective on January 3, 2013.

Composition

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District is adjacent to the 1st Congressional District to the north and west, the 11th Congressional District to the south, and Indiana's 1st Congressional District to the east. The district's northeast border follows Lake Michigan's shoreline for several miles. The district was created following the 1830 U.S. Census and came into existence in 1833, five months before Chicago was organized as a town. The 2nd Congressional District initially included Southeastern Illinois until 1853 and stretches of Northern Illinois until 1873. It has been based in Chicago since 1853, and part of the southeast side since 1903. Redistricting following the 2000 U.S. Census placed a majority of the district's population outside Chicago for the first time in 100 years, and moved the district's borders beyond Cook County for the first time since 1873.

As in the neighboring 1st District, a majority of this district's residents (62.4%) are African American. The district has been reliably Democratic since the 1960s, having not elected a Republican to Congress since 1950. Democratic congressional candidates regularly receive over 80% of the vote here.

Demographics

The southeast side of Chicago was for many decades the home of numerous Eastern European and Irish immigrants who sought the industrial work of the steel mills and railroad companies which were then dominant in the area. However, as local industry declined in the 1950s and 1960s, these groups were increasingly displaced by African Americans who were gradually migrating southward from other parts of the city. Whereas barely 20% of district residents were black in the 1960s, this figure increased to 70% by the 1980s, and by the 1990s the racial demographics of the 1st and 2nd Congressional Districts were very similar. At the same time, decreasing population in the district required expanding its borders into the suburbs, and it is now nearly three times the size it was in the 1980s, when it covered only 68 square miles (180 km²).

Following redistricting for the 2000s (decade), 59% of the 2nd Congressional District's population resides in the suburbs, with a total of 98.4% living in Cook County. The district's white population (almost 30% of its residents) now primarily resides in the southern suburbs and a few far southeastern Chicago neighborhoods such as East Side and Hegewisch.

Several suburbs closer to Chicago near Interstate 57 have black populations exceeding 75%: Calumet Park, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Markham, Matteson, Phoenix, Richton Park, Riverdale, and University Park. In contrast, there are five suburbs further southeast with white populations exceeding 75% – Homewood, Lansing, South Chicago Heights, Steger and Thornton – although they surround Ford Heights, which has the district's most racially one-sided population (96% black). Chicago Heights features the most even racial mix, with a population that is 45% white and 38% black. The district's largest white ethnic groups are German (5.8%), Irish (4.4%), Polish (4.4%) and Italian (3.1%), similar to other districts in southern Cook County.

Hispanics represent 10% of the district's population, with sizable communities in East Side and Chicago Heights. Chicago's South Shore neighborhood was the longtime home to a Jewish community which has since migrated to suburbs such as Homewood and Flossmoor [4]. South Shore is now primarily a middle-class black community and is also home to a notable minority of Black Muslims including the national headquarters of the Nation of Islam, Mosque Maryam.

The district includes some sharp economic disparities. Olympia Fields, Country Club Hills and Matteson are suburbs with black majority populations, but Ford Heights (only four miles east of Olympia Fields) is one of the most impoverished places in the United States, with a median household income of just $17,500 in 2000 – less than 42% of the national average. It is home to more single mothers per capita than anyplace else in the country.

Economy

The 2nd Congressional District was, for most of the 20th century, a thriving center of heavy industry centered around Lake Calumet and the Port of Chicago, augmented by the nearby railroad industry which had the Pullman Company as its centerpiece. The steel industry was a major component, with U.S. Steel at one time employing 20,000 district residents, but the Wisconsin Steelworks in South Deering closed in March 1980, and U.S. Steel's South Works plant in South Chicago – source of the steel for Chicago skyscrapers including the Sears Tower – was closed in April 1992; both have since been dismantled. Virtually the last remnant of the industry in the area is ISG Riverdale (formerly the Acme Steel Co.), which began a shutdown in 2001 before being sold and restructured as a smaller company. The most significant remaining industrial presence in the district is now the Ford Motor Company, which operates the Chicago Assembly plant (where the Ford Taurus is manufactured) on the border between South Deering and Hegewisch, as well as the Chicago Stamping facility in Chicago Heights. Like the 1st District, the area is struggling to overcome economic downturns in recent decades.

Local educational institutions include Governors State University in University Park, Chicago State University in Roseland, Prairie State College in Chicago Heights, South Suburban College in South Holland and Olive-Harvey College, a Chicago city college, in Pullman. The University of Chicago is directly west of the district's northern end. Hospitals in the district include Ingalls Memorial Hospital in Harvey, Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest, St. James Hospitals in Chicago Heights and Olympia Fields, Advocate Trinity Hospital in Calumet Heights, La Rabida Children's Hospital in Woodlawn, South Shore Hospital in South Chicago and Roseland Community Hospital in Roseland.

The Museum of Science and Industry is located almost at the district's northern tip. Various areas of the Cook County Forest Preserves are scattered throughout the suburban part of the district, particularly in the area northeast of Chicago Heights. Other notable business and industrial presences in the district include Jays Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods based in Pullman; the Norfolk Southern Railway; Allied Tube and Conduit, a piping and electrical manufacturer in Harvey [5]; and UGN Inc., an automotive soundproofing manufacturer in Chicago Heights [6].

Federal facilities in the district include Coast Guard Station Calumet Harbor [7] [8] in East Side and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Army Reserve Center, home of the 308th Civil Affairs Brigade, in Homewood.

In addition to the Jackson Park Historic Landscape District and the Museum of Science and Industry's U-505, district locations on the National Register of Historic Places include:

• AVR 661, South Deering
• Bloom Township High School, Chicago Heights
• Calumet Park, East Side
• Flamingo-on-the-Lake Apartments, Hyde Park
• Flat Iron Building, Chicago Heights
• Ford Airport Hangar, Lansing
• Hotel Del Prado, Hyde Park
• Jeffery-Cyril Historic District, South Shore
• Lake-Side Terrace Apartments, South Shore
• Allan Miller House, South Shore
• Olympia Fields Country Club, Olympia Fields
• Pacesetter Gardens Historic District, Riverdale (suburb)
• Palmer Park, Roseland
• Promontory Apartments, Hyde Park
• Pullman Historic District National Historic Landmark, Pullman
• Shoreland Hotel, Hyde Park
• South Shore Beach Apartments, South Shore
• South Shore Country Club, South Shore
• Trumbull Park, South Deering

Recent election results from statewide races

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Al Gore 81% - George W. Bush 17%
2004	President	John Kerry 84% - George W. Bush 16%
2008	President	Barack Obama 90% - John McCain 10%

List of representatives

Representative	Party	Years	Electoral history
District created March 4, 1833
Zadok Casey	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837	Lost re-election
	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841
	Independent Democrat	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843
John A. McClernand	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1851	Retired
Willis Allen	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	Redistricted to the 9th district
John Wentworth	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
James H. Woodworth	Republican	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	Retired
John F. Farnsworth	Republican	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861	Retired
Isaac N. Arnold	Republican	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	Redistricted to the 1st district
John F. Farnsworth	Republican	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873	Lost renomination
Jasper D. Ward	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	Lost re-election
Carter H. Harrison	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879	Retired
George R. Davis	Republican	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1883	Redistricted to the 3rd district
John F. Finerty	Independent Democrat	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Frank Lawler	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Lawrence E. McGann	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895	Redistricted to the 3rd district
William Lorimer	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901	Lost re-election
John J. Feely	Democratic	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903	Retired
James Robert Mann	Republican	March 4, 1903 – November 30, 1922	Redistricted from the 1st district Died
Vacant		November 30, 1922 – April 3, 1923
Morton D. Hull	Republican	April 23, 1923 – March 3, 1933	Retired
P. H. Moynihan	Republican	March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935	Lost re-election
Raymond S. McKeough	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1943	Retired
William A. Rowan	Democratic	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1947	Lost re-election
Richard B. Vail	Republican	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949	Lost re-election
Barratt O'Hara	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951	Lost re-election
Richard B. Vail	Republican	January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953	Lost re-election
Barratt O'Hara	Democratic	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1969	Lost renomination
Abner J. Mikva	Democratic	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1973	Lost re-election when redistricted to the 10th district
Morgan F. Murphy	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1981	Redistricted from the 3rd district Retired
Gus Savage	Democratic	January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1993	Lost renomination
Mel Reynolds	Democratic	January 3, 1993 – October 1, 1995	Resigned
Vacant		October 1, 1995 – December 12, 1995
Jesse Jackson, Jr.	Democratic	December 12, 1995 – November 21, 2012	Resigned
Vacant		November 21, 2012 – April 9, 2013
Robin Kelly	Democratic	April 9, 2013– Present	Incumbent

Election Results

2002

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2002)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	151,443	82.30
	Republican	Doug Nelson	32,567	17.70
Total votes			184,010	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2004

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2004)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	202,176	88.34
	Libertarian	Stephanie Sailor	26,693	11.66
Total votes			228,869	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2006

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2006)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	146,347	84.84
	Republican	Robert Belin	20,395	11.82
	Libertarian	Anthony W. Williams	5,748	3.33
Total votes			172,490	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2008

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2008)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	251,052	89.41
	Republican	Anthony W. Williams	29,721	10.59
Total votes			280,773	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2010

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2010)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	150,666	80.52
	Republican	Isaac Hayes	25,883	13.83
	Green	Anthony W. Williams	10,564	5.65
Total votes			187,113	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2012

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Election (2012)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jesse Jackson, Jr.*	188,303	63.3
	Republican	Brian Woodworth	69,115	23.2
	Independent	Marcus Lewis	40,006	13.5
Total votes			297,424	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

2013 (Special)

Main article: Illinois's 2nd congressional district special election, 2013

Illinois' 2nd Congressional District Special Election (2013)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robin Kelly	58,142	70.8
	Republican	Paul McKinley	18,072	22.0
	Independent	Elizabeth "Liz" Pahlke	2,477	3.0
	Green	LeAlan Jones	1,505	1.8
	Independent	Marcus Lewis	1,345	1.6
	Independent	Curtiss Llong Bey	539	0.7
Total votes			82,080	100.00
Voter turnout			%
	Democratic hold

History of district boundaries

The total number of representatives allotted to Illinois during each period follows the years in parentheses; boundaries went into effect beginning with the previous year's elections:

• 1833-1843 (3): The district included nineteen counties in eastern and southeastern Illinois: Clark, Clay, Coles, Crawford, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Hamilton, Jasper, Jefferson, Lawrence, Marion, Montgomery, Shelby, Vermilion, Wabash, Wayne and White counties (several additional counties were later created within this area).
• 1843-1853 (7): The district was reduced in size and slightly shifted to take in fifteen counties in southeastern Illinois: Edwards, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jefferson, Johnson, Marion, Massac, Pope, Pulaski, Wabash, Wayne, White and Williamson counties.
• 1853-1863 (9): The district was relocated to cover seven counties stretching across the northern part of the state: Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Kane, Lee, Rock Island and Whiteside counties.
• 1863-1873 (14, including one elected at large): The district now included six counties to the north and west of Cook County: Boone, DeKalb, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Winnebago counties.
• 1873-1883 (19): The district now became a portion of Cook County, and included the part of Chicago's west side between the North Branch of the Chicago River and 16th Street; the city's western boundary was then Western Avenue from the river to North Avenue, and Crawford Avenue (now Pulaski Road) from North to 16th.
• 1883-1895 (20/22): The district now included parts of Chicago's west and southwest sides. On the west side, it included the area between 12th Street (now Roosevelt Road) on the north and the river and Illinois and Michigan Canal on the south, as well as a small area north of 12th Street near the river; the western boundary was still Crawford Avenue. South of the river and canal, the district included the area between 16th Street on the north, Clark Street on the east, 39th Street (now Pershing Road) on the south and Western Avenue on the west. Illinois gained two additional representatives following the 1890 Census, but they were elected on an at-large basis for the 1893-1895 term before redistricting occurred, and the previous decade's districting remained in effect.
• 1895-1903 (22): The district now included the twelve townships comprising western Cook County (Cicero, Elk Grove, Hanover, Lemont, Leyden, Lyons, Maine, Norwood Park, Palos, Proviso, Riverside, Schaumburg), as well as the part of Chicago's west side bordered on the east by Crawford Avenue from North Avenue to 12th Street, Wood Street from 12th to the canal, Western from the canal to 39th, and State Street from 39th to 63rd Streets; also included was the area north of 12th to Taylor Street between Campbell Avenue and Wood.
• 1903-1949 (initially 25; two of 27 elected at large from 1913–43, and one of 26 elected at large from 1943–49): The district began to take its modern form, and included the part of Chicago south of 43rd Street having as its western boundary State Street from 43rd to 99th Streets, Stewart Avenue from 99th to 103rd, Halsted Street from 103rd to 111th, Peoria Street from 111th to 115th, and Ashland Avenue from 115th to the city line. Illinois' districts were not redrawn until 1947, taking effect for the 1948 elections.
• 1949-1963 (26 from 1949–1953; 25 thereafter): The district was reduced in size, and now included that part of Chicago bounded on the north by Marquette Road (State Street to South Park Boulevard, later renamed King Drive), South Chicago Avenue (South Park to Cottage Grove Avenue) and Pershing Road (Cottage Grove to the lake), and on the west by State Street (Marquette to 73rd), Indiana Avenue (73rd to 83rd) and South Park (83rd to 95th Streets). The southern boundary was formed by 95th Street from South Park to the eastern boundary of the Burnside community, following that northwest to 87th Street, and then 87th to Jeffery Boulevard, South Chicago Avenue from Jeffery to 85th Street, 85th to Baltimore Avenue, following that south to 87th, and 87th Street to the lake. The same boundaries were maintained in the redistricting after 1950.
• 1963-1967 (24): The district was again expanded to the south, and included that part of Chicago south of 46th Street bounded on the west by Cottage Grove (46th to 65th), Stony Island Avenue (65th to 99th), State Street (99th to 111th), Wentworth Avenue (111th to 113th) and Halsted (113th to the city line).
• 1967-1973 (24): There was additional redistricting in Illinois which took effect for the 1967-1969 term. The 2nd District kept all of its previous territory except for a small area between 46th and 47th Streets near the lake, and added all of Calumet Township. It also added those portions of Thornton Township east of the Calumet Expressway as far south as 159th Street, and north of the Calumet River from 159th to the state line, as well as those parts of Dolton north of Sibley Boulevard bordered on the west by Lincoln Avenue from the Chicago city line to Irving Avenue and by Irving from there to Sibley.
• 1973-1983 (24): The district was pulled back within the Chicago city limits, and included: the communities of East Side, Hegewisch, Riverdale, South Chicago, South Deering and West Pullman; the part of South Shore bordered on the north by 75th Street (Stony Island to Jeffery), 73rd Street (Jeffery to Yates Boulevard) and 71st Street (Yates to the lake); those parts of Avalon Park and Calumet Heights east of Stony Island; those parts of Roseland and Pullman bordered on the north by 99th Street (Stewart Avenue to State Street) and 103rd Street (State to Stony Island); those parts of Beverly and Morgan Park east of Western Avenue; Washington Heights except for the portion northeast of 95th and Halsted; the part of Auburn Gresham west of Halsted; the part of Englewood southwest of 71st and Halsted; West Englewood except for the portion northeast of Marquette Road and Loomis Boulevard; the part of Chicago Lawn northeast of 63rd and California Avenue; and the part of Gage Park southeast of 55th and Western.
• 1983-1993 (22): The district was again extended into the suburbs. It now included the Chicago communities of East Side, Hegewisch, Riverdale, West Englewood and West Pullman, the part of South Shore southeast of 73rd and Yates, the parts of South Chicago and Calumet Heights east of Yates, South Deering except the portion northwest of 103rd and Yates, the parts of Roseland and Pullman south of 103rd, the eastern half of Morgan Park, the parts of Auburn Gresham and Washington Heights west of Halsted, almost all of Englewood west of Halsted, and the part of Chicago Lawn between 63rd and 69th Streets east of Western. The district included Calumet Township except for those parts of Blue Island and Calumet Park northwest of the railroad running from 123rd and Laflin to the western township line. The district also included the portion of Thornton Township bordered on the south by 167th Street from the western township line to the eastern edge of Hazel Crest, 171st Street from the Hazel Crest boundary to Halsted, 167th from Halsted to Indiana Avenue, Sibley Boulevard from Indiana Avenue to Torrence Avenue (with some minor variation in Calumet City), East State Street from Torrence to the railroad 1/4 mile east, 154th Street from the railroad to Freeland Avenue, and 155th Street from Freeland to the state line.
• 1993-2003 (20): The district now included the Chicago communities of Riverdale and West Pullman; the part of South Shore southeast of 71st and Yates; the parts of South Chicago and Calumet Heights east of Yates; the part of South Deering southwest of 103rd and Yates except for the portion east of the Calumet River, as well as the area between Yates and Torrence Avenue from 95th Street extended south to 116th Street; the part of Hegewisch west of the Calumet River; the parts of Roseland and Pullman south of 103rd Street; most of Morgan Park east of Longwood Drive; the part of Beverly southeast of 103rd and Prospect Avenue; the parts of Auburn Gresham and Washington Heights west of Halsted; the part of Englewood southwest of 63rd and Halsted; and the part of West Englewood south of 63rd Street. The district also included all of Calumet Township, as well as parts of Bloom, Bremen, Rich, Thornton and Worth Townships.
• 2003–present (19): See map and geography above. For a more detailed map, see the Census Bureau map linked below.

Presidential voting

This table indicates how the 2nd District has voted in U.S. presidential elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today. The candidate who received the most votes in the district is listed first; the candidate who won the election nationally is in CAPS, and the candidate who won the state of Illinois is indicated with a †.

Election	District winner	Runnerup	Other candidates
1852	PIERCE† (D), 8,021 (49%)	Scott (W), 5,882 (36%)	Hale (Free Soil), 2,500 (15%)
1856	Frémont (R), 21,556 (67%)	BUCHANAN† (D), 9,843 (30%)	Fillmore (American), 966 (3%)
1860	LINCOLN† (R), 30,856 (64%)	Douglas (D), 16,993 (35%)	Bell (Constitutional Union), 192 (0.4%); Breckinridge (D), 128 (0.3%)
1864	LINCOLN† (R), 18,305 (78%)	McClellan (D), 5,231 (22%)
1868	GRANT† (R), 20,946 (77%)	Seymour (D), 6,270 (23%)
1952	Stevenson (D), 94,905 (51%)	EISENHOWER† (R), 91,522 (49%)
1956	Stevenson (D), 81,570 (50%)	EISENHOWER† (R), 81,296 (50%)
1968	Humphrey (D), 103,924 (59%)	NIXON† (R), 52,311 (30%)	Wallace (AIP), 18,896 (11%)
1972	McGovern (D), 116,534 (66%)	NIXON† (R), 60,220 (34%)
1976	CARTER (D), 137,384 (83%)	Ford† (R), 28,498 (17%)
1980	Carter (D), 145,205 (84%)	REAGAN† (R), 20,946 (12%)	Anderson (Indep.), 3,612 (2%)
1984	Mondale (D), 168,174 (84%)	REAGAN† (R), 32,693 (16%)
1988	Dukakis (D), 150,387 (84%)	BUSH† (R), 25,896 (15%)
1992	CLINTON† (D), 194,639 (80%)	Bush (R), 31,634 (13%)	Perot (Indep.), 16,950 (7%)
1996	CLINTON† (D), 170,819 (85%)	Dole (R), 22,204 (11%)	Perot (Reform), 6,395 (3%)
2000	Gore† (D), 188,289 (89%)	BUSH (R), 21,838 (10%)	Nader (Green), 1,626 (1%)
2004	Kerry† (D), 230,613 (84%)	BUSH (R), 43,822 (16%)
2008	OBAMA† (D), 260,869 (90%)	McCain (R), 28,676 (10%)
2012	OBAMA† (D), (81%)	Romney (R), (19%)

Living former Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd congressional district

As of May 2015, there are three former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd congressional district who are currently living at this time.

Representative	Term of office	Date of birth (and age)
Gus Savage	1981–1993	(1925-10-30) October 30, 1925
Mel Reynolds	1993–1995	(1952-01-08) January 8, 1952
Jesse Jackson, Jr.	1995–2012	(1965-03-11) March 11, 1965

Historical district boundaries

2003 - 2013

See also

• Illinois' congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

Illinois' 2nd congressional district.png

External links

• Washington Post page on the 2nd District of Illinois
• Village of Burnham Official Website
• Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003 PDF (163 KiB) - Congressional District Profiles, U.S. Census Bureau
• U.S. Census Bureau - 2nd District map PDF (1.56 MiB)
• U.S. Census Bureau - 2nd District Fact Sheet