Isaac S. Pennybacker

Isaac Samuels Pennybacker
United States Senator from Virginia
In office December 3, 1845 – January 12, 1847
Preceded by	William C. Rives
Succeeded by	James M. Mason
Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia
In office February 17, 1840 – December 6, 1845
Appointed by	Martin Van Buren
Preceded by	Alexander Caldwell
Succeeded by	John White Brockenbrough
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 16th district
In office March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839
Preceded by	James M. H. Beale
Succeeded by	Green B. Samuels
Personal details
Born	(1805-09-03)September 3, 1805 New Market, Virginia
Died	Washington, D.C.
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Washington College
Profession	Lawyer, judge, politician

Isaac Samuels Pennybacker (September 3, 1805 – January 12, 1847) was an American lawyer, federal judge, and politician from Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Early life and education

Pennybacker was born at Pine Forge, near New Market, Shenandoah County, Virginia on September 3, 1805. His parents were Benjamin D. Pennybacker (1760–1820) and Sarah Margaret Samuels (1768–1825). He married Sarah Ann Dyer in 1832.

He attended Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) and the Winchester Law School, run by Henry St. George Tucker, Sr.. He was then in private practice in Harrisonburg, Virginia until 1837.

Political and judicial career

Pennybacker represented Virginia in the U.S. House from 1837 to 1839.

He was offered by President Martin Van Buren the office of Attorney General, but declined. Similarly, he declined a position as justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and would not accept the nomination of the Democratic party for Governor of Virginia.

On April 23, 1839, Pennybacker received a recess appointment from Van Buren to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia following the death of Alexander Caldwell. Formally nominated on January 29, 1840, Pennybacker was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1840, and received his commission the same day.

He resigned from his judgeship on December 6, 1845, and then served as United States Senator from Virginia from 1845-1847. James K. Polk named Pennybacker to the very first Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, a group which included Vice-President George M. Dallas, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, D.C. Mayor William W. Seaton, Senator Sidney Breese, Rep. William J. Hough, Rep. Robert Dale Owen, Rep. Henry W. Hilliard, Rufus Choate, Richard Rush, Dr. Benjamin Rush, William C. Preston, Alexander Dallas Bache, and Joseph G. Totten, among others, who met for the first time in September 1846.

As judge, Pennybacker was succeeded by John White Brockenbrough. As Senator, he succeeded William Cabell Rives, whose brother Alexander Rives later served like Pennybacker as judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. Pennybacker died at the age of 41 in Washington, D.C.. His Senate seat was filled by James Murray Mason.

Sources

• biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
• Isaac S. Pennybacker at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
• Hon. Armistead M. Dobie, "Federal District Judges in Virginia before the Civil War," 12 F.R.D. 451 (1951,1952) (viewed on Westlaw)

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by James M. H. Beale	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 16th congressional district March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1839	Succeeded by Green B. Samules
Legal offices
Preceded by Alexander Caldwell	Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia 1840–1845	Succeeded by John White Brockenbrough
United States Senate
Preceded by William C. Rives	U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Virginia December 3, 1845 – January 12, 1847 Served alongside: William S. Archer	Succeeded by James M. Mason