Jeff Chandler (actor)

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Jeff Chandler
Jeff Chandler - 1958.jpg
Chandler in 1958
Born Ira Grossel
(1918-12-15)December 15, 1918
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Culver City, California, U.S.
Cause of death Surgical complications
Resting place Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, Culver City
Years active 1945–1961
Spouse(s) Marjorie Hoshelle (m. 1946–54)
Children 2

Jeff Chandler (born Ira Grossel; December 15, 1918 – June 17, 1961) was an American actor, film producer and singer best remembered for playing Cochise in Broken Arrow (1950), for which he was Oscar nominated. He was one of Universal International's most popular male stars of the 1950s, his most notable credits including Sword in the Desert (1948), Female on the Beach (1955) and Away All Boats (1956). He was notable for being gray-haired at an early age.

Early life

Chandler was born Ira Grossel to a Jewish family in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the only child of Anna (née Herman) and Phillip Grossel.[1] He was raised by his mother after his parents separated when he was a child.

He attended Erasmus Hall High School, the alma mater of many stage and film personalities, where he acted in school plays. His father was connected with the restaurant business and got his son a job as a restaurant cashier. Chandler said he always wanted to act, but courses for commercial art were cheaper, so he studied art for a year and worked as a layout artist for a mail order catalogue for $18 a week.[2][3]

But Chandler wanted to act and he eventually saved up enough money to take a drama course at the Feagin School of Dramatic Art in New York. He worked briefly in radio, then got a job in a stock company on Long Island as an actor and stage manager. He worked for two years in stock companies, acting in a performance of The Trojan Horse with Gordon MacRae and his wife.[4][5]

Chandler formed his own company, the Shady Lane Playhouse, in Illinois in the summer of 1941. This toured the Midwest with some success with such plays as The Bad Man, Seventh Heaven, The New Minister and Pigs.[6] Then America entered World War Two and Chandler enlisted in the army.[3]

Chandler served in the United States Army in World War II for four years, mostly in the Aleutians, finishing with the rank of lieutenant.[7]

Radio

After being discharged from the Army, Chandler moved to Los Angeles with $3,000 he had saved in December 1945. That year he was involved in a serious car accident on the way to a screen test, which resulted in a large scar on his forehead.[8]

Chandler initially struggled to find work and had spent all his savings when he got his first job as a radio actor in May 1946.[9] He went on to appear in episodes of anthology drama series such as Escape and Academy Award Theater, and became well known for playing the lead in Michael Shayne. Chandler was the first actor to portray Chad Remington in Frontier Town.

Early Film Roles

Chandler had appeared on air in Rogue's Gallery with Dick Powell, who was impressed by the actor and put pressure on Columbia to give Chandler his first film role, a one-line part as a gangster in Johnny O'Clock (1947).[10][11] He tested for Columbia's The Loves of Carmen[12] and did not get it but went on to play small roles as gangsters in Roses are Red and The Invisible Wall, and a policeman in Mr Belvedere Goes to College. He received more attention playing Eve Ardens boyfriend on radio in Our Miss Brooks, which debuted in July 1948 and became a massive hit.[13]

Sword in the Desert

Chandler's in Our Miss Brooks brought him to the attention of executives at Universal, who were looking for someone to play an Israeli leader in Sword in the Desert (1948). He was cast in February 1949.[14] Chandler impressed the studio so much with his performance he ended up being signed to Universal for a seven-year contract.

Chandler's first movie under the new contract was a supporting role inAbandoned (1949).[15]

Jeff Chandler at Capernaum during a visit to Israel in 1959

Broken Arrow and Stardom

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"In February 1953, I was making a second picture with Jeff Chandler, one called War Arrow. Jeff was a real sweetheart, but acting with him was like acting with a broomstick"

- Maureen O'Hara on acting with Chandler in War Arrow (2004).

Chandler then became a star when 20th Century Fox and writer-director Delmer Daves were looking for an actor to play Cochise in Broken Arrow (1950). They had been struggling to find someone with the right voice and stature who was relatively unknown. Chandler's performance as a similar resistance-leader-type in Sword of the Desert brought him to their attention and he was borrowed from Universal for the role in May 1949.[16] As part of the arrangement Chandler signed a deal with Fox to make a movie a year with them for six years. He also had to be written out of his radio shows Michael Shayne and Our Miss Brooks for several weeks.[17][18]

Broken Arrow turned out to be a considerable hit, earning Chandler an Oscar nomination and establishing him as a star. He was the first actor nominated for an Academy Award for portraying an American Indian.

Even before Broken Arrow was released, Chandler was upped to leading man status back at Universal. He was meant to make Death on a Sidestreet[19] and The Lady Count[20] but neither ended up being made. He starred as a Lucky Luciano-style gangster in Deported, for producer Robert Buckner, who cast him in Sword in the Desert. "I don't know why I got it," he said at the time, "maybe it's because I'm saving them money."[21] The movie was shot on location in Italy, although Chandler's radio commitments meant some of it had to be filmed in Hollywood.

It was back to Fox for his second film for them, as an embittered Union cavalryman in Two Flags West for director Robert Wise. He replaced Lee J. Cobb and it was one of Chandler's least typical roles, a character part rather than a leading man. Once again, location work required him to regularly commute back and forth to Hollywood throughout the shoot. [22]

Returning to Universal he played an adventurer in Smuggler's Island, a role which Chandler liked because he said was close to his real personality.

He was reunited with Fox and Delmer Daves to play a Polynesian chief in Bird of Paradise (1951), which Chandler admitted was a variation of his performance as Cochise.[18][23]

Back at Universal, he played a boxer in Iron Man and an Arab chief in Flame of Araby (1951), opposite Maureen O'Hara, before reprising his role as Cochise in The Battle at Apache Pass. He then went on to make a war film, Red Ball Express, and a swashbuckler, Yankee Buccaneer. He had a chance of pace when he supported Loretta Young in Because of You.

In 1952 exhibitors voted Chandler the 22nd most popular star in the US.[24] 20th Century-Fox was keen to use Chandler again and put forward roles in such films as The Day the Earth Stood Still, Lydia Bailey, Les Misérables and The Secret of Convict Lake.[2] However, he was now one of Universal's biggest stars and they wanted to keep him on their productions.

In July 1952 he signed a fresh contract with the studio, doubling his salary.[25][26] His first movie under this was The Great Sioux Uprising. It was followed by East of Sumatra; War Arrow; Taza, Son of Cochise (making a cameo as Cochise); and Yankee Pasha. This meant Chandler missed out on the part of Demetrius in The Robe at Fox, for which he had been considered and which eventually went to Victor Mature.[27]

In late 1953 Chandler left Our Miss Brooks after five years. "It was taking up all my Sundays," he said.[28]

Conflicts with Universal

In 1954 Universal put Chandler on suspension for refusing to play the lead in Six Bridges to Cross.[29] He was replaced in the role by George Nader, who replaced Chandler again in Lady Godiva of Coventry.[30]

In 1955 Chandler announced "being a movie star isn't worth it" and expressed a desire to be an executive.[31] Later that year he formed his own production company, Earlmar, with his agent, Meyer Mishkin.[32]

Universal did try to ensure Chandler appeared in prestigious projects: he was cast as the Emperor Marcian in an expensive (for Universal) epic set in ancient Rome, Sign of the Pagan; co-starred against Jane Russell in Foxfire; appeared opposite Joan Crawford in Female on the Beach; was in an expensive remake of The Spoilers; then was given the lead in one of the studio's most prestigious films of the year, Away All Boats.

For a change of pace he made a comedy, The Toy Tiger. Chandler followed this with a Western, Pillars of the Sky, and a melodrama, The Tattered Dress.

Producer

In 1957, Chandler's Earlmar Productions entered into a six-picture contract with United Artists to make films, starting with Drango (1957). Chandler was to appear in three of Earlmar's films. He still had commitments to make two films a year at Universal until 1959.[33] However Earlmar would only make the one film.

After Drango Chandler appeared opposite Orson Welles in Man in the Shadow, his last film under his exclusive deal with Universal.[34]

He then moved over to Columbia and acted with Kim Novak in Jeanne Eagels, a popular "biopic". He returned to Universal for The Lady Takes a Flyer, a romantic comedy with Lana Turner and A Stranger in My Arms with June Allyson. Chandler was due to star in Operation Petticoat (1959) but fell ill and had to pull out.[8]

He made two films for a new company, Seven Arts, Ten Seconds to Hell and Thunder in the Sun. The last of those was distributed by Paramount, who also released Chandler's next film, The Jayhawkers. In Ten Secods to Hell and The Jayhawkers Chandler played villains. He later reflected "I've tried heavies - but audiences didn't seem to to take to that."[35]

He later formed another production company, August, for which he made The Plunderers, at Allied Artists. Allied were so pleased with the film they requested three more movies from August, but Chandler never got to make them.[35]

His next film, The Story of David, was shot in London and Israel. Chandler stated:

I don't want to make pictures in other countries; I want to stay home. But suddenly there are not enough pictures being made here. All other countries are giving inducements to companies and to players; even a little country like Israel is trying to formulate a plan for subsidy. Our government still taxes the hell out of people; somebody ought to wake 'em up.[35]

Chandler returned to Hollywood to appear in Return to Peyton Place for Fox. He then went over to Warner Bros to make Merrill's Marauders, which would be his last film.

Singing

Chandler had a concurrent career as a singer and recording artist, releasing several albums and playing nightclubs. In 1955 he became only the second star to play at the Riviera, after Liberace was the featured headliner. In her autobiography Hold the Roses (2002), Rose Marie wrote that "Jeff Chandler was a great guy, but he was no singer. He put together an act and we opened at the Riviera. He came with a conductor, piano player, light man, press agent, and manager. None of it helped". And "Everybody raved about Jeff's singing, but let's face it: He really didn’t sing very well. He definitely had guts to open in Vegas". He left to work on a movie after three and a half weeks.

Personal life

Chandler married actress Marjorie Hoshelle (1918–1989) in 1946. The couple had two daughters, Jamie Tucker (1947–2003) and Dana Grossel (1949–2002). They separated in 1951[36] and 1954,[37] actually divorcing in 1954.[38] However they reconciled a few months later[39] before his wife filed again for divorce in 1958.

In his 1958 divorce proceedings it was revealed Chandler was paying his wife an allowance of $1,500 a month. He said he was under contract to Universal to make two films a year, at $60,000 a film for 1957 and $75,000 a film for 1958. He said he earned $250,000 in 1957 from his acting and singing but had a lot of expenses, with his personal manager, business manager and and agent taking 25% of his income.[40] The court ordered Chandler to continue paying $1,500 a month.[41] Their divorce was granted in June 1959, with Chandler giving his wife $100,000 and over $2,166 a month in alimony plus $500 a month in child support. "He became so absorbed by his career that he spent all time when not actually working on a picture in his business office," said his wife. "I developed an ulcer." [42]

Chandler was also involved in a will dispute concerning his stepfather in 1960.[43]

When his friend Sammy Davis, Jr. lost an eye in an accident and was in danger of losing the other, Chandler offered to give Davis one of his own eyes.[44] Chandler himself had nearly lost an eye and had been visibly scarred in an auto accident years earlier.

He was romantically linked with Esther Williams, who claimed in her 1999 autobiography Chandler was a cross dresser and she broke off the relationship. According to the Los Angeles Times, many friends and colleagues of Chandler's rejected Williams' claims. Jane Russell commented, "I've never heard of such a thing. Cross-dressing is the last thing I would expect of Jeff. He was a sweet guy, definitely all man."[45]

His public support for Israel's 1956 attack on Egypt during the Suez Crisis, prompted the United Arab Republic to ban his films in Arab countries in 1960.[3]

Death

While working on Merrill's Marauders in the Philippines, Chandler injured his back while playing baseball with U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers who served as extras in the movie on 15 April 1961. He had injections to deaden the pain and enable him to finish the movie.[46]

He entered a Culver City hospital and had surgery for a spinal disc herniation, on May 13, 1961. There were severe complications; an artery was damaged and Chandler hemorrhaged. On May 17, in a seven-and-a-half-hour emergency operation over-and-above the original surgery, he was given 55 pints of blood. A third operation followed, on May 27, where he received an additional 20 pints of blood.[47] He died on June 17, 1961. The cause was a blood infection complicated by pneumonia.[48]

At the time of his death, Chandler was romantically involved with British actress Barbara Shelley. Tony Curtis and Gerald Mohr were among the pallbearers at Chandler's funeral, which was attended by more than 1,500 people.[49] He was buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City.[50]

An investigation ensued into Chandler's death.[51] It was deemed malpractice and resulted in his children suing the hospital for $1.5 million.[10][52][53][54]

Chandler's own estate was worth $600,000, which he left to his daughters.[51][55] His wife sued his estate for $80,000 in money owing under their divorce settlement.[56]

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Chandler has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1770 Vine Street.

Critical appraisal

Film historian David Shipman once wrote this analysis of Chandler:

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Jeff Chandler looked as though he had been dreamed up by one of those artists who specialise in male physique studies or, a mite further up the artistic scale, he might have been plucked bodily from some modern mural on a biblical subject. For that he had the requisite Jewishness (of which he was very proud) – and he was not quite real. Above all, he was impossibly handsome. He would never have been lost in a crowd, with that big, square, sculpted 20th-century face and his prematurely grey wavy hair. If the movies had not found him the advertising agencies would have done – and in fact, whenever you saw a still of him you looked at his wrist-watch or pipe before realising that he wasn't promoting something. In the coloured stills and on posters his studio always showed his hair as blue, heightening the unreality. His real name was Ira Grossel and his film-name was exactly right.[7]

An obituary of Chandler said

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Known for his careful attention to detail in making pictures, Chandler was often described as introverted. But colleagues who worked with him closely said he had an easy, light-hearted approach on the set that helped ease some of the strain of production.[3]

Influence

The famed animated action-adventure series Jonny Quest's handsome, white-haired, veteran special agent bodyguard Race Bannon's design was modeled after Jeff Chandler.

Chandler's name came up in a murder trial in England. Evidence was submitted of a love letter where a party wrote "you are my Jeff Chandler". The judge asked defence counsel who Jeff Chanlder was.[57]

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1947 Johnny O'Clock Turk Film debut
1947 The Invisible Wall Al Conway, henchman
1947 Roses Are Red Knuckles
1949 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College Pratt Uncredited
1949 Sword in the Desert Kurta Led to Chandler signing a long-term contract with Universal
1949 Abandoned Chief MacRae Alternative title: Abandoned Woman
1950 Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion Narrator Uncredited
1950 Broken Arrow Cochise Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor
1950 Deported Vic Smith
1950 The Desert Hawk Opening Off-Screen Narrator Uncredited
1950 Two Flags West Major Henry Kenniston
1951 Double Crossbones Narrator Uncredited
1951 Bird of Paradise Tenga
1951 Smuggler's Island Steve Kent
1951 Iron Man Coke Mason
1951 Meet Danny Wilson Nightclub patron Cameo
1951 Flame of Araby Tamerlane Alternative title: Flame of the Desert
1952 The Battle at Apache Pass Cochise
1952 Red Ball Express Lt. Chick Campbell
1952 Son of Ali Baba Opening Narrator Uncredited
1952 Yankee Buccaneer Cmdr. David Porter
1952 Because of You Steve Kimberly
1953 Girls in the Night Off-Screen Narrator at Finish Uncredited
Alternative title: Life After Dark
1953 The Great Sioux Uprising Jonathan Westgate
1953 East of Sumatra Duke Mullane
1953 War Arrow Major Howell Brady
1954 Taza, Son of Cochise Cochise Uncredited
1954 Yankee Pasha Jason Starbuck
1954 Sign of the Pagan Marcian
1955 Foxfire Jonathan Dartland
1955 Female on the Beach Drummond Hall
1955 The Spoilers Roy Glennister
1955 The Nat 'King' Cole Musical Story Narrator Short
1956 The Toy Tiger Rick Todd
1956 Away All Boats Captain Jebediah S. Hawks
1956 Pillars of the Sky First Sergeant Emmett Bell Alternative title: The Tomahawk and the Cross
1957 The Tattered Dress James Gordon Blane
1957 Jeanne Eagels Sal Satori
1957 Drango Major Clint Drango Also produced
1957 Man in the Shadow Ben Sadler Alternative titles: Pay the Devil
Seeds of Wrath
1958 The Lady Takes a Flyer Mike Dandridge Alternative titles: A Game Called Love
Lion in the Sky
Wild and Wonderful
1958 Raw Wind in Eden Mark Moore/Scott Moorehouse
1959 A Stranger in My Arms Major Pike Yarnell Alternative title: And Ride a Tiger
1959 Thunder in the Sun Lon Bennett
1959 Ten Seconds to Hell Karl Wirtz Alternative title: The Phoenix
1959 The Jayhawkers! Luke Darcy
1960 A Story of David King David Alternative title: A Story of David: The Hunted
1960 The Plunderers Sam Christy Also producer
1961 Return to Peyton Place Lewis Jackman
1962 Merrill's Marauders Brig. Gen. Frank D. Merrill

Unmade Films

Select radio credits

Regular role

Guest appearances

  • "Young Mr. Lincoln" – Academy Award Theatre (July 10, 1946)
  • "Photo Finish" – Suspense (July 1946)
  • "With Cradle and Clock" – Cavalcade of America (February 2, 1946)
  • "Gregory Hood, Suspect" – The Casebook of Gregory Hood (September 30, 1946)
  • "Blood On Sun" – Academy Award Theatre (October 16, 1946)
  • "The Black Curtain" – Suspense (January 3, 1948)
  • "Snake Doctor" – Escape (February 8, 1948)
  • "Blond Mink", "Leopard's Spots", "Social Error", "Palm Beach Santa Claus" – Damon Runyon Theatre (1949)
  • "All My Sons" - Screen Directors Playhouse]] (Dec 1949) - with Edward G. Robinson
  • "Steel River Prison Break" – Suspense (September 3, 1951)
  • "Ben Hur" - Hallmark Playhouse (April 10, 1952)[68]
  • "The Woodsman" – The Woodsman (July 20, 1952)
  • "The Web" - Broadway Playhouse (July 1, 1953)[69]
  • "Black Is the Color of My True Love's Hair" – Suspense (October 19, 1953)[70]
  • "A Good Neighbor" – Suspense (March 31, 1957)

Discography

  • "I Should Care"
  • "More Than Anyone"
  • "That All She's Waiting to Hear" (1954)[71]

Award nominations

Year Award Category Title of work Result
1951 Academy Awards Best Actor in a Supporting Role Broken Arrow Nominated
1958 Laurel Awards Top Male Star
–
 14th Place
1959 Laurel Awards Top Male Star
–
 15th Place

Theatre

  • The Trojan Horse - Oct 1940 - Long Island
  • Meet the World by Peg Fenwick - 30 March 1950 - a UNESCO-sponsored play about the United Nations at UCLA[72]
  • Newsbeat 1950 by Joseph Roos - March 1950 - one off performance for Federation of Jewish Welfare Organisations[73]
  • Pageant of Stars - 11 Oct 1950[74]

Box office rankings

For a number of years, film exhibitors voted Chandler among the top stars at the box office.

  • 1952 – 22nd (US)[75]
  • 1953 – 18th (US)
  • 1954 – 16th (US)
  • 1955 – 20th (US), 7th (UK)[76]
  • 1956 – 18th (US), 5th (UK)
  • 1957 – 22nd (US), 6th (UK)

Further reading

  • Hoffmann, Henryk. "A" Western Filmmakers. McFarland & Co., 2000.
  • Kirk, Marilyn. Jeff Chandler'. 1st Books Library/AuthorHouse, 2003.
  • Marie, Rose. Hold the Roses. University Press of Kentucky, 2002.
  • Wells, Jeff. Jeff Chandler: Film, Record, Radio, Television and Theater Performances. McFarland & Co., 2005.
  • Williams, Esther. The Million Dollar Mermaid. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Fame Has Its Fee For Jeff Chandler" by Richard L. Coe. The Washington Post and Washington Times Herald 31 Mar 1954: 22.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jeff Chandler Is Dead; Blame Blood Poison: JEFF CHANDLER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 June 1961: f1.
  4. ↑ Troy on Long Island Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 31 Oct 1940: 28.
  5. ↑ "Big Chief!: As an Indian, Jeff Chandler caused countless feminine hearts to flutter; now, in straight dramatic roles, he's a box office smash". Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune 9 November 1952: i9.
  6. ↑ TOWER TICKER Leonard, William. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 08 Aug 1951: a6.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 David Shipman, The Great Movie Stars: The International Years, London:Macdonald, 1989, p.97
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jeff Chandler overview at TCM
  9. ↑ JEFF CHANDLER MAN OF MANY FACES: He Can Play Any Kind of Character Role, and Is a Glamor Guy, Too Hedda Hopper Writes of Jeff Chandler Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 06 May 1951: c8.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Jeff Wells. Jeff Chandler: Film, Record, Radio, Television and Theater Performances. McFarland, 2005.
  11. ↑ Jeff Chandler Finally Gets to 'Act His Age': Rising Young (31) Screens Palyer Considers Himself 'a Lucky Kid' SCHEUER, PHLIP K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 Oct 1950: D3.
  12. ↑ Looking at Hollywood Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 29 Nov 1947: 16.
  13. ↑ The News of Radio: John Kieran Will Perform for Television in Series of Films on Natural History New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 12 July 1948: 32.
  14. ↑ "WELLMAN DIRECTOR OF 'BATTLEGROUND': METRO NAMES HIM TO HANDLE FILM OF BATTLE OF THE BULGE – CRAIG IN 'SIDE STREET'" by THOMAS F. BRADY New York Times 25 Feb 1949: 28.
  15. ↑ THEDA BARA MOVIE GOES TO COLUMBIA: De Sylva's 'The Great Vampire' Will Be Distributed by Studio -- 'Champion' Suit Ruling By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 07 May 1949: 10.
  16. ↑ Steigers Act Out Breakup of a Marriage: Breakup Acted Out by Steigers Loynd, Ray. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 June 1969: d1.
  17. ↑ Big Chief Cochise Set; Sidney to Direct 'Keys;' Trevor 'Package' Looms Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 May 1949: A7.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Jeff Chandler Finally Gets to 'Act His Age': Rising Young (31) Screens Palyer Considers Himself 'a Lucky Kid' SCHEUER, PHLIP K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 Oct 1950: D3.
  19. ↑ BETTE DAVIS SEEKS TO LEAVE WARNERS: Negotiations Are Under Way to Cancel Contract, Making Actress a Free Agent By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 July 1949: 31.
  20. ↑ LANCASTER, HECHT BUY MAILER NOVEL: Actor to Play Lieut. Hearn Role in 'The Naked and the Dead' for Norma Productions By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 17 Aug 1949: 18.
  21. ↑ BY WAY OF REPORT By A. H. WEILER. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 21 Aug 1949: X3.
  22. ↑ Drama: Hayward Slates Picture; 20th Casts Chandler; 'Chaplains' Activated Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 01 Mar 1950: A7
  23. ↑ Hedda Hopper, 'Jeff Chandler Man of Many Faces: He Can Play Any Kind Of Character Role, and is a Glamor Guy, Too', Chicago Daily Tribune 6 May 1951: c8.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ "Film Unit Opposes Foreign Ventures: A.F.L. Council Opens Campaign to Halt Cheaper Production Abroad by U. S. Studios Special to The New York Times". New York Times 10 July 1952: 27.
  26. ↑ FILM UNIT OPPOSES FOREIGN VENTURES: A.F.L. Council Opens Campaign to Halt Cheaper Production Abroad by U. S. Studios Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 10 July 1952: 27.
  27. ↑ Jeff Chandler Likely for Demetrius; 'Highest Mountain' New Purchase Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 01 Aug 1952: B7.
  28. ↑ Tony Curtis Trains for Role in Musical Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 24 Oct 1953: 10.
  29. ↑ "Jeff Chandler Suspended at U-I" Los Angeles Times 21 May 1954: A6.
  30. ↑ NADER TO REPLACE CHANDLER 2D TIME: Actor Will Be Co-Star With Maureen O'Hara in 'Lady Godiva' Film at U.-I. By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 Aug 1954: 24
  31. ↑ FAME ISN'T ENOUGH!: Outspoken Star Would Like to Forsake the Films and Become an Executive Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 26 Dec 1954: e11.
  32. ↑ Drama: Indie Setups Announced by Cummings, Chandler; Hello, Barry Fitzgerald Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Nov 1955: 41.
  33. ↑ Tuesday Proclaimed as L.A. Free Enterprise Day Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 26 Apr 1956: 23.
  34. ↑ SYMBOLIC DRAMA WILL BE A MOVIE: 'A Passenger to Bali,' Which Ran Here in 1940, Bought by Security Pictures By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 24 Sep 1956: 23.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Renewal at Allied for Jeff Chandler: 'Plunderers' Pleases Studio; Star Urges Subsidy for Films Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 04 Oct 1960: A9.
  36. ↑ Jeff Chandler Among Movie Visitors Here Tinee, Mae. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 19 Aug 1951: f3
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Wife Divorces Jeff Chandler, Screen Actor Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 Apr 1954: 2
  39. ↑ Divorce Planned but Called Off, Says Jeff Chandler Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 17 Mar 1955: 25.
  40. ↑ Jeff Chandler, Wife Refuse Reconciliation: Actor Offers to Continue $1500-a-Month Allowance; She Asks Total of $6500 Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Jan 1958: B1.
  41. ↑ Jeff Chandler Must Pay Wife $1500 Monthly Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 Jan 1958: A12.
  42. ↑ Jeff Chandler's Wife Gets Divorce, $100,000: She Says She Developed Ulcer Because He Was Too Absorbed in His Film Work Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 30 June 1959: 5
  43. ↑ Jeff Chandler Ordered to Produce Will Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Feb 1960: 5.
  44. ↑ Davis, Jr., Sammy: Yes I Can, The Story of Sammy Davis, Jr., New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux (1965) ISBN 0-374-52268-5
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Jeff Chandler Has Spine Injury New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 17 Apr 1961: 35.
  47. ↑ JEFF CHANDLER STILL CRITICAL BUT BETTER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 May 1961: 2.
  48. ↑ Blood Infection Caused Death of Jeff Chandler Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 June 1961: B1.
  49. ↑ 1,500 Attend Funeral of Actor Jeff Chandler: Hundreds of Movie Fans and Many of His Friends in Baseball Present at Rites Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 20 June 1961: 2.
  50. ↑ Jeff Chandler at Find a Grave
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 State Will Investigate Jeff Chandler's Death: Bureau to Look Into Hospital Procedure in Actor's Case Due to Public Interest JEFF CHANDLER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 June 1961: B1.
  52. ↑ $1.5 Million Suit Filed in Jeff Chandler Death: Damages From Hospital and Physicians Asked on Behalf of Children and Estate
  53. ↑ Jeff Chandler Heirs Settle for $233,358 Los Angeles Times 21 Feb 1962: A1.
  54. ↑ JEFF CHANDLER GRAVE AFTER 7-HOUR SURGERY: Injured Back in Luzon Incomplete Source Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 May 1961: 1.
  55. ↑ Jeff Chandler Wills $600,000 to Daughters Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 June 1961: 20.
  56. ↑ Jeff Chandler Estate Sued Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 May 1962: 9
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ BETTE DAVIS SEEKS TO LEAVE WARNERS: Negotiations Are Under Way to Cancel Contract, Making Actress a Free Agent By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 July 1949: 31.
  59. ↑ Ann Sheridan, Jeff Chandler to Co-Star in 'Steel Town': Looking at Hollywood Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 26 July 1951: a2.
  60. ↑ Jeff Chandler Sought for 'Angry River;' Wanger Plans Mounties Movie Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 15 July 1952: A7.
  61. ↑ Looking at Hollywood: Ann Sheridan, Jeff Chandler to Star in 'Vermilion O'Toole' HEDDA HOPPER'S STAFF. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 17 Mar 1952: b3.
  62. ↑ Jeff Chandler Wanted as Star for Movie on Huk Warfare Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 15 Dec 1954: b14.
  63. ↑ HEDDA HOPPER: Jeff Chandler Aims to Do 'Young Moses' Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 13 July 1954: B6.
  64. ↑ 'Chief Crazyhorse' Held Right for Jeff Chandler; Slate Signs Term Deal Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Mar 1953: 11.
  65. ↑ R.K.O. TO MAKE SPACE-TEST FILM: Feature to Depict Efforts of U.S. Scientists to Launch an Earth Satellite By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 23 Apr 1956: 23
  66. ↑ JOLSON TO APPEAR ON C. B. S. RADIO, TV: Network Secures Entertainer's Services for 3-Year Period -Randolph in New Show New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 01 Nov 1949: 52
  67. ↑ Fame Has Its Fee For Jeff Chandler By Richard L. Coe. The Washington Post and Times Herald (1954-1959) [Washington, D.C] 30 Mar 1954: 22.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ 'Meet the World' Proves Impressive Stage Event Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 31 Mar 1950: 22.
  73. ↑ Red Cross Saved Life of Baby, Mother Says: Complete Transfusion Soon After Birth Provided From Supply of Whole Blood Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 Mar 1950: E26.
  74. ↑ STAR SHOW DAZZLES 30,000 AT COLISEUM: STAR PAGEANT Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Oct 1950: 1.
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ 'Dirk Bogarde's favourite film actor', The Irish Times 29 December 1955: 9.

External links

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