Jenderal besar
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Jenderal besar, translated literally as "grand general", is the highest rank of the Army of Indonesia. It is the equivalent of a general of the army, and is used to translate that rank into Indonesian.[citation needed] Within the Indonesian Armed Forces ranking system, jenderal besar is the equivlaent of laksamana besar (admiral of the fleet) and marsekal besar (marshal of the air force).
Currently the rank has been held only by three persons, all granted in 1997 on the 50th anniversary of Indonesian National Armed Forces.
- Sudirman, also styled panglima besar ("grand commander"), the commander of the armed forces during the Indonesian War of Independence. The rank was granted posthumously.
- Abdul Haris Nasution, a national hero, twice appointed Army Chief of Staff, and a survivor of an assassination attempt in the 1965 coup.
- Suharto, the President of Indonesia for 31 years. His rank was granted during his own rule.
A jenderal besar could technically be appointed if ever Indonesia became engaged in a major war or suffered from a massive invasion. A jenderal besar would then, most likely, become supreme commander of all Indonesian military forces.[citation needed]
The insignia for jenderal besar is five golden stars arranged in a pentagon formation. Thus, the insignia is very similar to the United States Army rank of general of the army.
