John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania

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Johann Friedrich, Duke of Pomerania
JohannFriedrichPommern.PNG
Johann Friedrich, Duke of Pomerania
Spouse(s) Erdmuthe of Brandenburg
Noble family House of Griffins
Father Philip I, Duke of Pomerania
Mother Maria of Saxony
Born (1542-08-27)27 August 1542
Wolgast
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Wolgast
Buried Castle Church in Szczecin

Johann Friedrich (sometimes rendered to John Frederick)[1] (27 August 1542 – 9 February 1600)[2] was Duke of Pomerania from 1560 to 1600, and Bishop of Cammin (Kamień) from 1556 to 1574. Elected bishop in 1556 and heir of the duchy in 1560, he remained under tutelage of his great-uncle Barnim XI until he took on his offices in 1567.

Biography

Johann Friedrich was the oldest of ten siblings born to Philipp I of Pomerania-Wolgast and Maria of Saxony. At the age of 14, he was elected bishop of Cammin on 29 August 1556, after his predecessor Martin von Weiher had died on 8 June. Starting with Johann Friedrich, the ducal Pomeranian family would thence exclusively hold this title until the last duke died in 1637, thus ending the considerable independence of the bishopric's territory from the rest of the Duchy of Pomerania. In 1560, the bishopric's administration was reformed accordingly.[3]

When his father died on 14 February 1560, Johann Friedrich nominally became duke of Pomerania but was still under the tutelage of his great-uncle, Barnim XI. While his mother appointed High Stewart Ulrich von Schwerin as administrator of the duchy, he went to the court of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor at Vienna and participated in the war against the Ottoman Empire.[4]

After his return from the war in 1567, Johann Friedrich took on his position as the bishop of Cammin and also his position as the duke of Pomerania, which he provisionally shared with his brother, Bogislaw XIII.[4]

Then 68 years old Barnim XI decided in 1569 to withdraw from his position as a duke, and the duchy was internally partitioned among the male members of the House of Pomerania on 23 May 1569 in Jasenitz (now part of Police), which was approved by the Landtag in Wollin (now Wolin). Johann Friedrich together with his brother, Barnim XII, received the Teilherzogtum Pomerania-Stettin, while his other brothers, Ernst Ludwig and Bogislaw XIII, received Pomerania-Wolgast and Casimir VI received the bishopric of Cammin, which he took over from Johann Friedrich in 1574. Because Bogislaw and Barnim immediately renounced their positions and were compensated with the domains of Barth and Neuenkamp and the domain of Rügenwalde, respectively, Johann Friedrich got to rule his share alone.[4]

Johann Friedrich succeeded in elevating Stettin (now Szczecin) to one of only three places allowed to coin money in the Upper Saxon Circle, the other two places were Leipzig and Berlin. He also advocated against the imperial prohibition of using coins from outside the Holy Roman Empire, arguing that this undermined his duchy's position as a frontier trade center.[5]

File:Główny dziedziniec zamku Książąt Pomorskich.jpg
Residence in Stettin (1939), rebuilt by Johann Friedrich in 1577

In 1570, Johann Friedrich on behalf of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, hosted the peace conference ending the Northern Seven Years' War between the Swedish Empire and Denmark–Norway.[1] He was the head of the mediators appointed by the emperor.[6] The conference resulted in the Treaty of Stettin.[1]

In 1568, he began with the erection of a residence in Köslin (now Koszalin).[7] In 1577, he rebuilt the residence in Stettin in Italian Renaissance style, thereby razing and replacing parts of the previous palace and the St. Otto's church.[8]

Johann Friedrich also tried to elevate the Duchy of Pomerania's military status in the Upper Saxon Circle to match the position of Saxony and Brandenburg, yet without success. He failed to gain the status of a higher rank for himself and remained on the third rank, Zugeordneter, after the Kreisoberst of Saxony and the Nachgeordneter of Brandenburg. He also failed to get the circle assembly (Kreistag) to approve of granting the Pomeranian duchy an additional Zugeordneter post instead. As a consequence, Johann Friedrich refused to pay his obligate financial share to the circle's treasury, the Kreiskasten.[9]

Johann Friedrich improved the relations with Brandenburg by marrying Erdmut (also Erdmuthe; 26 June 1561 – 13 November 1623),[10] oldest daughter of prince-elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg. He had no children with her.[11]

Johann Friedrich died on 9 February 1600.[11] His sudden death during a party at Wolgast contributed to apocalyptic fears which were especially widespread in 1600.[12] He was succeeded by Barnim XII; who however, outlived his brother by only three years.[13]

Ancestors

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Family of John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. George I, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Casimir IV Jagiellon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Anna Jagiellonica
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Elisabeth of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Philip I, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Louis IV, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Philip, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Margarete of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Amalie of the Palatinate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Margaret of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Amalia of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Ernest, Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Margaret of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. John, Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Albert III, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Elisabeth of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Maria of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Sophie of Hohnstein
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Günther XXXVI, Count of Schwarzburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Margarethe of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Margaret of Henneberg-Schleusingen
 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lavery (2002), pp. 129
  2. ↑ Grewolls (1995), p. 213
  3. ↑ Inachim (2008), pp. 58-59
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Inachim (2008), pp. 60-61
  5. ↑ Krüger (2006), pp. 53-55
  6. ↑ Lanzinner (1993), p. 412
  7. ↑ Inachim (2008), p. 61
  8. ↑ Hildisch (1980), p. 53
  9. ↑ Nicklas (2002), pp. 134-135
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,[better source needed]
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Inachim (2008), p. 62
  12. ↑ Kaufmann (2006), p. 419
  13. ↑ Inachim (2008), p. 63

Bibliography

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External links

John Frederick of Pomerania
Born: 27 August 1542 Died: 9 February 1600
Regnal titles
Preceded by Administrator of
Cammin prince-bishopric
under tutelage until 1567
1557-1574		 Succeeded by
Casimir VI
Preceded by Dukes of Pomerania-Wolgast
altogether under tutelage until 1567
1560–1569
with his brothers Barnim X (1560–1569)
Bogislaw XIII (1560–1569)
Ernest Louis (1560–1592)		 Succeeded by
Ernest Louis
Preceded by Duke of Pomerania-Stettin
1569-1600		 Succeeded by
Barnim XII
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