Listen to this article

Joseph F. Smith

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Joseph F. Smith
JFS First Presidency 1905 large.jpg
6th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
October 17, 1901 (1901-10-17) – November 19, 1918 (1918-11-19)
Predecessor Lorenzo Snow
Successor Heber J. Grant
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
October 10, 1901 (1901-10-10) – October 17, 1901 (1901-10-17)
End reason Became President of the Church
First Counselor in the First Presidency
October 6, 1901 (1901-10-06) – October 10, 1901 (1901-10-10)
Called by Lorenzo Snow
End reason Dissolution of First Presidency upon death of Lorenzo Snow
Second Counselor in the First Presidency
April 7, 1889 (1889-04-07) – October 6, 1901 (1901-10-06)
Called by Wilford Woodruff
End reason Called as First Counselor in the First Presidency
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
July 25, 1887 (1887-07-25) – April 7, 1889 (1889-04-07)
End reason Called as Second Counselor in the First Presidency
Second Counselor in the First Presidency
October 10, 1880 (1880-10-10) – July 25, 1887 (1887-07-25)
Called by John Taylor
End reason Dissolution of First Presidency upon death of John Taylor
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
August 29, 1877 (1877-08-29) – October 10, 1880 (1880-10-10)
End reason Called as Second Counselor in the First Presidency
Counselor in the First Presidency
July 1, 1866 (1866-07-01) – August 29, 1877 (1877-08-29)
Called by Brigham Young
End reason Dissolution of First Presidency upon death of Brigham Young
LDS Church Apostle
July 1, 1866 (1866-07-01) – November 19, 1918 (1918-11-19T1838)
Called by Brigham Young
Reason Brigham Young's discretion[1]
Reorganization
at end of term
Melvin J. Ballard ordained
Personal details
Born Joseph Fielding Smith
(1838-11-13)November 13, 1838
Far West, Missouri, United States
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Resting place Salt Lake City Cemetery
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Spouse(s) Levira Annette Clark Smith
Julina Lambson
Sarah Ellen Richards
Edna Lambson
Alice Ann Kimball
Mary Taylor Schwartz
Children 48
Signature  
Signature of Joseph F. Smith

Joseph Fielding Smith, Sr. (November 13, 1838 – November 19, 1918) was the sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was the last president of the LDS Church to have personally known Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and brother of his father, Hyrum Smith.

Biography

Smith was the son of Patriarch Hyrum Smith and his second wife, Mary Fielding, a British convert to the church who married Hyrum after the death of his first wife, Jerusha Barden Smith. In addition to her two children, Mary also raised the six children born to Hyrum and Jerusha.

Early life

Smith was born in Far West, Missouri, on November 13, 1838. Just a few days before he was born, his father had been taken prisoner under the auspices of the Missouri Executive Order 44 (infamously called the "extermination order"). At point of bayonet, Hyrum was marched to his home in Far West and ordered to say farewell to his wife. He was told that his "doom was sealed" and that he would never see her again. Hyrum was still in custody in Liberty Jail, Missouri, when Smith was born. He was named after his uncle, Joseph Smith, and his mother's brother, Joseph Fielding. His mother and maternal aunt, Mercy Fielding Thompson, fled with their children to Quincy, Illinois, early in 1839, and they later moved to Nauvoo, Illinois, when the majority of the church's members settled there. Hyrum was later released from custody during a transfer from Liberty Jail and joined his family in Nauvoo. Joseph F. Smith stated as an adult that he had memories of Nauvoo, and could recall his Uncle Joseph and events that occurred at his uncle's home; he was nearly six years old when his father and uncle were killed in Carthage, Illinois, on June 27, 1844.

Winter Quarters

Smith's family remained in Nauvoo until September 1846, at which time his mother took their family and fled the city, camping on the west side of the Mississippi River among the trees on its banks, without wagon or tent, while the city was bombarded by mobs. His mother was later able to exchange their property in Illinois for a wagon and team of oxen. Joseph and his family, along with many other Latter Day Saints, fled the American Midwest. The seven-year-old Smith drove the team of oxen with his family to the Latter Day Saint encampment at Winter Quarters, Nebraska.

While at Winter Quarters, Smith and another boy, Thomas Burdick, were out on horseback some distance from the settlement, watching the cattle graze. They saw a band of twenty or thirty American Indians ride into the valley on the other side of the cattle. Burdick rode back to camp to get help while Smith rode toward the Indians and got between the Indians and the herd before the Indians reached them. Smith was able to turn the herd back toward the settlement, and, coupled with the noise and arrival of the Indians, started a stampede which saved the herd from capture. He was still riding with the herd at full speed when two Indians picked him up off of his horse from either side and dropped him to the ground. A company of men from the encampment then arrived, chased away the fleeing Indians, and recovered the herd, but Smith's horse was stolen.

Smith and his family remained at Winter Quarters until the spring of 1848 when Smith drove his mother's wagon across the plains to Utah.

Utah childhood

After arriving in the Utah Territory in 1848, Joseph's mother worked with her sister and brother to raise the two widows' families,[clarify] as well as continuing to care for Hyrum and Jerusha's younger children. Mary Fielding Smith died in 1852, apparently of pneumonia, leaving Smith an orphan at the age of 13. Smith reported that he was devastated by his mother's death, and relied upon the emotional support and help of Brigham Young and his stepfather, Heber C. Kimball. Even with the support of his older half-brother John Smith, Joseph assumed primary responsibility for his young sister, Martha Ann, and subsequently left school in 1854. His leaving school was closely linked to his resistance of a teacher's attempt to whip Martha.[2]

Missions and military service

At the age of fifteen, Smith was called to go on his first LDS mission to the Sandwich Islands (designated the Hawaiian Islands after acquisition as a territory of the United States) under the direction of apostle Parley P. Pratt. Smith was ordained an elder by George A. Smith on April 24, 1854, and received his endowment at the Endowment House the same day. He then traveled to San Bernardino, California, where he worked to earn money for passage on a ship to San Francisco. In the San Francisco area, possibly in what is now Fremont, California, on the farm of John Horner, he was again employed in agricultural pursuits seeking to earn money for passage to Hawaii.[3][4]

Smith successfully learned the language of the Hawaiian people and reported great success in four years of missionary work on the islands. Besides serving with various American companions on his mission he also had two Hawaiian companions, Paake, who was a property manager for some of Jonathan Napela's property, and Lalawaia. He spent the first part of his mission on Maui, but later presided over groups of branches on the island of Hawaii and then over all LDS Church units on Molokai.[5]

Smith was called back to the Utah Territory in 1857, largely as a result of the conflict known as the Utah War. He traveled overland from San Francisco to San Bernardino and then north through modern Las Vegas on his return. He finally arrived back in Utah in February 1858. Shortly after this, Smith joined the territory's militia, named the "Nauvoo Legion", and spent several months patrolling the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. Later in his tour of duty, he served as chaplain of Colonel Heber C. Kimball's regiment, with the rank of captain. After tensions between the church and the federal government abated, Smith assisted his relatives in their return to northern Utah from areas in southern Utah, where they had taken their families for safety.

During the 1858–1859 session of the Utah territorial legislature Smith served as the sergeant-at-arms. In 1859 he married his first wife, Levira Smith. In the LDS Church, Smith was ordained a seventy in March 1858 and then a high priest and a member of the Salt Lake Stake high council in October 1858.[6]

In 1860, at 22 years of age, Smith was sent on a mission to Great Britain. He and his cousin, Samuel H. B. Smith, drove mule teams over the plains to Winter Quarters to help pay their way. Shortly after arriving in England, Smith was made the conference president in Sheffield. Among the church members in that city was William Fowler; Smith was present at the meeting where Fowler's hymn "We Thank Thee, O God, for a Prophet" was first sung.[7] After a short time, Smith was appointed to the pastorate, an office that seems to have only existed in the British Mission and only for a short time, in which position he presided over the Sheffield as well as four other adjacent conferences. In all he served for 3 years, the last part under mission president George Q. Cannon, when he was sent on short assignments to both Denmark and France. Smith left England in June 1863. After a short stay in New York to earn enough money to cross the plains he went west and from Nebraska on served as the chaplain of an LDS wagon company bound for Utah.[8]

Smith had only been home for a short while when he was called to accompany Ezra T. Benson, Lorenzo Snow, William W. Cluff and Alma T. Smith on a second mission to the Sandwich Islands to correct the problems caused by Walter M. Gibson. He acted as principal interpreter for the apostles, and after Gibson was excommunicated, Smith was left in charge of the mission. Smith returned home in the winter of 1864–1865.

Smith had a notable experience during this mission. The group anchored their boat in a rough channel in order to go ashore, proposing that the party should land using the freight boat. Smith was strongly opposed to this, saying that the boat was unfit for the rough waters and that there was a great danger of capsizing. He offered to go ashore alone to obtain a boat fit to transport the party, to which they refused. They were persistent however, chiding him for his waywardness, with one leader even saying, "Young man, you would be better to obey counsel." He then reiterated his impression of danger, imploring them not to go, but they insisted, so he asked that they leave their satchels, clothes, and valuables and permit him to stay. They reluctantly consented and set out for land. Partway there, the freight boat was overturned by the rough water about 20 or 30 feet deep, and Lorenzo Snow nearly drowned in the ocean. Snow's unconscious body was recovered, and on shore they were able to resuscitate him. Thanks to Smith's actions, all of their belongings were saved.

Clerical and political career

Upon his return home, Smith was employed in the Church Historian's office for a number of years. It was while working in this position he met his second wife, Julina Lambson, who was a niece of Bathsheba W. Smith, a wife of church apostle George A. Smith.

Smith also served as a clerk in the Endowment House, being in charge after the death of Brigham Young, until it was closed. His latter mission to Hawaii was largely prompted by the fact that Smith held this position: since he had in his possession the records of the Endowment House, Smith's arrest was deemed by the federal government as likely to open the way to many more prosecutions for polygamy.

Smith served seven terms in the Utah territorial House of Representatives, specifically from 1865 to 1870, 1872, and 1874. He was a member of the Salt Lake City Council for many years and in this position was a key advocate of setting up city parks. He was thus one of the people involved with the establishment of Pioneer Park and Liberty Park in Salt Lake City.[9] In 1868 and 1869 Smith served as a member of the Provo city council.[9] Smith served as a member of the Territorial Council, essentially the equivalent of the upper house of the legislature, in 1880 and 1882. He also served as president of a state constitutional convention in 1882. Like many other potential Utah state constitutions, the one produced by this convention did not go into effect because Congress refused to grant Utah statehood.

Smith also served as a LDS Church representative on boards of many Utah businesses.

Marriages and family

This turn of the century family portrait was taken close to the time Joseph F. Smith succeedeed Lorenzo Snow as president of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints in October 1901. Besides Levira, with whom he had no children, Joseph had five other wives and forty-eight children. His wives are (L to R seated by Joseph): Mary Taylor Schwartz (married, 1884, seven children); Edna Lambson (married 1871, ten children); Julina Lambson (married 1866, thirteen children, including Joseph Fielding Smith—top row, center); Sarah Ellen Richards (married 1868, eleven children); Alice Ann Kimball (married 1883, seven children); circa 1904

On April 5, 1859, Smith married his sixteen-year-old cousin, Levira Annette Clark Smith, daughter of Samuel H. Smith. When Joseph F. Smith left on his mission to England the next year, his companion for the journey over and part of his time in Sheffield was Levira's brother, Samuel. Joseph and Levira had no children. Seven years later, Brigham Young directed Smith to take a plural wife. Levira gave her permission and was present at the marriage of Joseph F. and Julina Lambson, who was a longtime friend of hers and was the daughter of Alfred Boaz Lambson and Melissa Jane Bigler. Levira became disenchanted with the plural marriage arrangement and divorced Smith in 1868 and moved to California.[10]

Smith ultimately adopted five children and fathered forty-five children. Thirteen of his children preceded him in death: Mercy, Leonora, Sarah Ellen, Heber, Rhoda, Alice, Hyrum, Alfred, Albert, Robert, Zina, Ruth and John. His adopted son, Edward, also preceded him in death.

<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>

List of wives and children
  • Julina Lambson (July 18, 1849 – January 10, 1936). Married May 6, 1866. Julina was a nurse and midwife.[11]
    • Edward Arthur Smith (adopted) (November 1, 1858, Brampton, England – July 17, 1911, Raymond, Canada)
    • Mercy Josephine Smith (August 14, 1867 – June 6, 1870)
    • Mary Sophronia Smith (October 7, 1869 – January 5, 1948)
    • Donette Smith (September 17, 1872 – September 15, 1961)
    • Joseph Fielding Smith, Jr. (July 19, 1876 – July 2, 1972)
    • David Asael Smith (May 24, 1879 – April 6, 1952)
    • George Carlos Smith (October 14, 1881 – February 23, 1931)
    • Julina Clarissa Smith (February 10, 1884 – August 1, 1923)
    • Elias Wesley Smith (April 21, 1886, Laie, Hawaii – December 28, 1970)
    • Emily Jane Smith (September 11, 1888 – December 12, 1982)
    • Rachael Smith (December 11, 1890 – December 14, 1986)
    • Edith Eleanor Smith (January 3, 1894 – May 21, 1987)
    • Marjorie Virginia Smith (adopted) December 7, 1906 – November 17, 1994)
  • Sarah Ellen Richards (August 24, 1850 – March 22, 1915). Married on March 1, 1868. Sarah was a daughter of Willard Richards and his wife Sarah Longstroth.[12]
    • Sarah Ellen Smith (February 5, 1869 – February 11, 1869)
    • Leonora Smith (January 30, 1871 – December 23, 1907)
    • Joseph Richards Smith (February 22, 1873 – October 2, 1954)
    • Heber John Smith (July 3, 1876 – March 3, 1877)
    • Rhoda Ann Smith (July 20, 1878 – July 6, 1879)
    • Minerva Smith (April 30, 1880 – January 24, 1958)
    • Alice Smith (July 27, 1882 – April 29, 1901)
    • Willard Richards Smith (November 20, 1884 – September 11, 1972)
    • Franklin Richards Smith (May 12, 1888 – December 25, 1967)
    • Jeanetta Smith (August 25, 1891 – January 27, 1932)
    • Asenath Smith (December 28, 1896 – August 3, 1982)
  • Edna Lambson (March 3, 1851 – February 28, 1926). Married on May 5, 1871. She was the sister of Julina Lambson, who was also one of Smith's wives.
    • Hyrum Mack Smith (March 21, 1872 – January 23, 1918)
    • Alvin Fielding Smith (July 19, 1874 – January 4, 1948)
    • Alfred Jason Smith (December 13, 1876 – April 6, 1878)
    • Edna Melissa Smith (October 6, 1879 – October 26, 1958)
    • Albert Jesse Smith (September 16, 1881 – August 25, 1883)
    • Robert Smith (November 12, 1883 – February 4, 1886)
    • Emma Smith (August 21, 1888 – December 28, 1969)
    • Zina Smith (October 11, 1890 – October 25, 1915)
    • Ruth Smith (December 21, 1893 – March 17, 1898)
    • Martha Smith (May 12, 1897 – August 7, 1977)
  • Alice Ann Kimball (September 6, 1858 – December 19, 1946). Married on December 6, 1883. Alice was Heber C. Kimball's daughter, and the twin of Andrew Kimball, father of Spencer W. Kimball.
    • Charles Coulson Smith (adopted) (November 19, 1881 – April 20, 1933)
    • Heber Chase Smith (adopted) (November 19, 1881 – December 29, 1971)
    • Alice May Smith (adopted) (October 11, 1877 – October 20, 1920)
    • Lucy Mack Smith (April 14, 1890 – November 24, 1933)
    • Andrew Kimball Smith (January 6, 1893 – August 23, 1951)
    • Jesse Kimball Smith (May 21, 1896 – June 9, 1953)
    • Fielding Kimball Smith (April 9, 1900 – October 20, 1974)
  • Mary Taylor Schwartz (April 30, 1865 – December 5, 1956). Married on January 13, 1884. Mary was Agnes Taylor's daughter and church president John Taylor's niece.
    • John Schwartz Smith (August 20, 1886 – August 3, 1889)
    • Calvin Schwartz Smith (May 29, 1890 – June 15, 1966)
    • Samuel Schwartz Smith (October 26, 1892, Franklin, Idaho – May 10, 1983)
    • James Schwartz Smith (November 13, 1894, Franklin, Idaho – November 6, 1950)
    • Agnes Smith (November 3, 1897 – March 9, 1966)
    • Silas Schwartz Smith (January 3, 1900 – April 23, 1986)
    • Royal Grant Smith (May 21, 1906 – May 30, 1971)

One of Smith's granddaughters, Amelia Smith, married Bruce R. McConkie, who later became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

Church service

Joseph F. Smith in the Sacred Grove, ca. 1905

After Smith's first mission to Hawaii at age fifteen, he served on the high council in the Salt Lake Stake in 1859, and in 1864 began working in the Church Historian's Office as a "recorder" for the Endowment House, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the First Presidency. By the time he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve in 1866, at the age of 27, he had served three separate missions for the church. (Hawaii from 1854–57; Great Britain from 1860–63; Hawaii in 1864)

On July 1, 1866, Smith was ordained an apostle by Brigham Young and sustained as a counselor to the First Presidency, where he served until Young's death. However, he was not sustained as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve until the church's October 1867 conference. On February 28, 1874, he left for his second mission to England, serving as president of the European Mission from 1874 to 1875, returning home upon the death of First Presidency member George A. Smith. He was then called to preside over the Davis Stake until he left again in the spring of 1877 for his third mission to England. When news arrived of the death of Young, Smith was released and returned home. The following year he served an Eastern States Mission with Orson Pratt, visiting noteworthy places in the history of the church in Missouri, Ohio, New York and Illinois. During this trip they met with and interviewed David Whitmer.

In October 1880, three years after Young's death, Smith was named second counselor in the First Presidency to church president John Taylor, serving from 1880 to 1887. He later served as second counselor to Wilford Woodruff (1889–1898), and as second counselor to Lorenzo Snow (1898–1901). Smith was sustained as first counselor to Snow on the death of first counselor George Q. Cannon, but, as Snow himself died only four days later, Smith never served in that position. He succeeded Snow as president of the Salt Lake Temple and served until 1911, when he transferred the responsibility to Anthon H. Lund.

Smith also served as editor of the Improvement Era and Juvenile Instructor, and general superintendent of the Sunday School and Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association.

Smith felt it was important for Utah to become a state, and thereby eliminate the ongoing federal supervision of the Utah Territory. Following the official discontinuance of new plural marriages by Woodruff in 1890, and the dissolution of the Mormon People's Party in 1891, Smith championed the anti-polygamy Republican party in Utah.

LDS Church President

Smith was chosen by the twelve apostles and set apart as President of the Church on October 17, 1901. This was ratified by a special conference and solemn assembly of the priesthood on November 10, 1901. He chose John R. Winder and Anthon H. Lund as his counselors. After Winder died, Lund became the First Counselor and Smith's second cousin, John Henry Smith, became the Second Counselor.

Smith gave more influence to the Presiding Patriarch of the church than had any president since Joseph Smith. The church's presiding patriarch, John Smith, was his elder half-brother.

In 1906, Smith went on a tour to Europe, becoming the first to travel outside of North America while serving as church president.

One of the first issues he faced was the ongoing difficulties for the church due to the practice of plural marriage. Smith supported apostle Reed Smoot's candidacy for the U.S. Senate. But Smoot's election was contested on the grounds that he was an officer in the church. The Senate investigation again focused national attention on Mormon marriages and political influence. Additional attention was given to Smith because of his opposition to the election and re-election of Utah's senior U.S. Senator, non-Mormon Thomas Kearns.[13] Following his appearance before a Senate panel in 1904, Smith took steps to prevent any surreptitious continuation of church plural marriages. On April 6, 1904, Smith issued the "Second Manifesto." He also declared that any church officer who performed a plural marriage, as well as the offending couple, would be excommunicated. He clarified that the policy applied world-wide, and not just in North America. Two members of the Quorum of the Twelve, John W. Taylor and Matthias F. Cowley, resigned in 1905 following the second manifesto. Smith, however, continued to live with his plural wives after the 1890 and the 1904 manifestos. In 1906, Smith was brought to trial on a charge of unlawful cohabitation with four women in addition to his lawful wife; he pleaded guilty and was fined $300, the maximum penalty then permitted under the law.[14]

Smith's seventeen-year administration made efforts toward improving the church's damaged relationships with the federal government and related issues dealing with the church's financial situation. The administration acquired historic sites, constructed numerous meetinghouses, and expanded the church system of educational academies and universities. He also oversaw a continued growth in church membership.

Smith died of pneumonia in Salt Lake City on November 19, 1918,[15] and was succeeded by Heber J. Grant. Due to the widespread influenza pandemic of 1918–1920, a graveside service was held, rather than a public funeral. Smith was interred in the Salt Lake City cemetery on November 22, 1918.

Smith is often remembered as church president for the construction and dedication of the Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial near South Royalton, Vermont, on December 23, 1905, and the Seagull Monument at Temple Square in Salt Lake City on October 1, 1913. In 1913, Boy Scouting became the official youth activity program for the church's young men. During much of his presidential tenure, Smith oversaw the planning and construction of the Laie Hawaii Temple in Laie, Hawaii, one of his part-time residences. Smith died at Salt Lake City on November 19, 1918, a year before the Hawaii Temple was to be dedicated. Smith left a body of religious writings often used in discussing church doctrine and religious conduct.

Grave marker of Joseph F. Smith, and Julina Lambson Smith, one of his wives

Doctrinal contributions

During his administration as President of the Church, Smith made significant official statements of Latter-day Saint doctrine:

  • "The Origin of Man": In November 1909, in the midst of public interest in theories of evolution, the First Presidency issued a statement concerning the Latter-Day Saint doctrine. It affirms that God created man in his own image. The document also succinctly reiterates the doctrine of twofold creation (spiritual followed by temporal), the premortal existence of man, and ends noting that man, as a child of God, is capable of evolving into a God.
  • "The Father and the Son": On June 20, 1916, the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles issued a statement examining the LDS use of the term "Father" in scripture, clarifying times when the word referred to God the Father and when the word referred to Jesus Christ. The statement identified four different uses of the word "Father." God the Father is the literal parent of the spirits of mankind and the earthly father of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is referred to as "the Father" when discussing his role as creator of the earth, when he acts as "the Father" of those who abide in his gospel, and when he acts with the authority of his Heavenly Father while on earth.
  • "Vision of the Redemption of the Dead": On October 3, 1918, Smith received a revelation on the nature of the spirit world and on Jesus Christ's role in ensuring that the gospel is taught to all men, living and dead. A written account of the revelation was submitted to the general authorities of the church on October 31, 1918, and was unanimously accepted. The revelation was initially published in December 1918, and was added to the Pearl of Great Price, an LDS scripture, in April 1976; it has since been removed from the Pearl of Great Price and added to the Doctrine and Covenants as section 138. This revelation complemented an 1894 statement on the eternal nature of the family and appropriate work for the dead issued by Woodruff. Genealogy work by members of the LDS Church increased after both of these statements.

Funded by Lorenzo N. Stohl, the sermons and writings of Smith were compiled by John A. Widtsoe, Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, Albert E. Bowen, Franklin S. Harris and Joseph Quinney. In 1919, the "Committee on Study for the Priesthood Quorums of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" had this work published as the book Gospel Doctrine, for use as instruction for Melchizedek priesthood quorums of the church.

Smith's teachings as an apostle were the 2000–01 course of study in the LDS Church's Sunday Relief Society and Melchizedek priesthood classes.

Works

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. LDS Church publication number 35744.

See also

Notes

  1. Smith was ordained an apostle and added to the First Presidency as a counselor. At the time of his call, there was not a vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles or the First Presidency.
  2. Smith. Life of Joseph F. Smith, p. 229.
  3. Smith. Life of Joseph F. Smith, pp. 164–167.
  4. Richard O. Cowan and William E. Homer. California Saints: A 150-Year Legacy in the Golden State (Provo: Religious Studies Center of Brigham Young University, 1996), pp. 144–147.
  5. Smith. Joseph F. Smith, pp. 169–187.
  6. Smith. Joseph F. Smith, p. 196.
  7. Smith. Joseph F. Smith, p. 199.
  8. Smith. Joseph F. Smith, pp. 202–205.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Smith. Life of Joseph F. Smith, p. 230.
  10. Smith. Joseph F. Smith, p. 231.
  11. Utah State History entry on Julina
  12. Andrew Jenson. LDS Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 3, p. 781.
  13. O. N. Malmquist, The First 100 Years: A History of the Salt Lake Tribune, Utah State Historical Society, 1971.
  14. Deseret Evening News, November 23, 1906; Salt Lake Tribune, November 24, 1906.
  15. State of Utah Death Certificate.

References

External links

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
Preceded by President of the Church
October 17, 1901 – November 19, 1918
Succeeded by
Heber J. Grant
Preceded by First Counselor in the First Presidency
October 6, 1901 – October 10, 1901
Succeeded by
John R. Winder
Preceded by Secound Counselor in the First Presidency
April 7, 1889 – October 6, 1901
Succeeded by
Rudger Clawson
Preceded by President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
April 21, 1901 – October 17, 1901
Succeeded by
Brigham Young, Jr.
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
July 1, 1866 – October 17, 1901
Preceded by Superintendent of the
Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association

1901–1918
Succeeded by
Anthony W. Ivins