Karachi Nuclear Power Complex

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Karachi Nuclear Power Complex
Karachi Nuclear Power Complex is located in Pakistan
Karachi Nuclear Power Complex
Location of Karachi Nuclear Power Complex in Pakistan
Country Pakistan
Location Paradise Point, Karachi
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Status Under construction
Commission date Unit 1: May 28, 2012
Unit 2: January 27, 2020
Owner(s) Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
Nuclear power station
Reactor type Deuterium Uranium
PHWR-4
Reactor supplier Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Power generation
Units operational N/A
Units planned 8800 MW
Nameplate capacity Unit 1: 125 MWe
Unit 2: 1,000 MWe
Website
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant

Karachi Nuclear Power Complex or KNPC is located in Paradise Point, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It consists of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) and CIAL KARACHI. A new governmental power project "KANUPP-2" which is under construction is also included in this complex. KANUPP-1, KANUPP-2 are both civilian nuclear power plant which would produced 1000 MW electricity in Karachi. The Karachi Nuclear Power Complex is under the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguard and inspection. The Plant is under construction by the PAEC and financed by IAEA, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group, China National Nuclear Corporation, and China Atomic Energy Authority

The "CIAL" (Control & Instrumentation Analysis Lab) is a part of Karachi Nuclear Power Complex of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission.

KESC and NESPAK cooperation

The National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK) has been providing consultancy services to Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) for replacement of the aging 132kV circuit breakers and protective relays of the 132kV double circuit transmission line that links Karachi Nuclear Power Plant Complex (KANPC) with Karachi Electric Supply Corporation network at Baldia grid station. The old bulk oil circuit breakers and electromechanical protective relays have been replaced with the latest SF6 circuit breakers and state-of-the-art numerical line protection devices.

Electricity connections

Stand-alone 132kV current transformers have also been provided for protection and metering functions as substitute for the bushing current transformers in the bulk oil circuit breakers. KNPC and NESPAK engineers worked closely in devising a discriminative protection scheme and its integration into the complex systems of the nuclear power plant. Both circuits of KANUPP-Baldia double circuit lines have been re-energised with the new equipment. Performance indicators have since validated the intended objectives of the project vis-a-vis discriminative functioning of the protection system against disturbances in KESC power system for stable operation of KANUPP.

KANUPP-1

The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant, also known as KANUPP, is located at Paradise Point, Karachi. The KANUPP-I is a CANDU reactor supplied by the Canadian Government in 1972. It was inaugurated November 28, 1972 by then-President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. KANUPP-I is a single unit CANDU-PHWR with a total gross capacity of 137 MW. KANUPP-I remains in operation as of May 2014, and is limited to 85 MW. The KANUPP-I reactor, since from its beginning, is under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection and its safeguards

History

Since independence from United Kingdom in 1947, Pakistan had repeatedly suffered energy crises, that contributed to country's economic slowdown. In 1960, President Field Marshal Ayub Khan had appointed Dr. Abdus Salam as his Science Advisor.[1] Soon Abdus Salam became the head of the Pakistan's IAEA delegation.[1] There, Abdus Salam had, now at the U.N. General Assembly, repeatedly and tirelessly advocated for the support of nuclear energy in his country.[1] And, due to Abdus Salam's significant influence on President Field Marshal Ayub Khan, Salam succeeded to obtain an approval from Ayub Khan, against the wishes of military government of Ayub Khan in 1965.[1] Due to Abdus Salam's influence on President Ayub Khan, Salam had the commercial nuclear plant near Karachi personally approved, in spite of the opposition against the project.[1] In 1965, Abdus Salam traveled to United States, where in a ceremony, Canada and Pakistan signed a nuclear energy pact with GE Canada establishing the country's first nuclear plant.[1] Per agreement, the PAEC's engineers and scientists led the construction of this mega-project.[citation needed] While, GE Canada provided economical funds and HEU based nuclear fuel.[citation needed] Parvez Butt, a nuclear engineer, was the chief designer of the plant who worked at the GE Canada's designing office.[citation needed] In 1966, the construction was started, and it was completed in 1971, before the starting of Indo-Pak 1971 Winter War. On November 28 of 1972, as President, later Prime minister, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, accompanied with Abdus Salam and newly appointed PAEC's Chairman Munir Ahmad Khan, inaugurated the first unit of the Karachi Nuclear Plant.[2]

The technology of the nuclear power plant is highly similar to India's CIRUS and DHRUVA reactor, with another small reactor producing reactor-grade plutonium which was produced in large stocks.[citation needed] Munir Ahmad Khan, now as chairman, indigenously developed and established the nuclear fuel cycle programme.[citation needed] In 1972, Pakistan under Bhutto, had refused to signed the NPT.[citation needed] Because the reactor grade plutonium was extremely dangerous to be open in public, the PAEC transferred the reactor-grade plutonium to the New Laboratories (known as The New Labs), and produces the first batch of fresh weapon-grade plutonium.[citation needed] In 1976, Canada had stopped the supply of fuel and spare parts for the plant[citation needed] The high-radioactive material was also left openly in Karachi[citation needed] as Canadian technicians departed from Pakistan. Pakistan media then speculated that in absence of Canadian officials, the city would suffer a major power blackout. Canadian officials later issued the statement that the reactor will be shut down in a matter of six months.[citation needed] However, the PAEC, under Munir Ahmad Khan, took up this challenge and using indigenous resources produced the feed for KANUPP.[citation needed] In 1978, the PAEC developed its own nuclear fuel and began loading the feedstock to KANUPP-I.[citation needed] From its establishment to Dec 31 2013, KANUPP-I has generated 14.7 billion KWhrs of electricity and has been fuelled by thousands of Pakistani-made fuel bundles without any failure.[citation needed] KANUPP-I is currently a part of Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC), owned and operated by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).

In November 2013, Pakistan and China confirmed that two ACP1000 Nuclear reactor, each 1000 MW each, KANUPP-2 and KANUPP-3, based on CPR1000 AREVA Pressurized water reactor, will be built at Karachi.[3][4]

Features

The KANUPP reactor site is on the Arabian Sea coast, about 11 miles (17.7 km) west of Karachi. The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) has a heavy water moderated and cooled natural uranium fuelled, horizontal pressure tube reactor. Other distinguishing features are once-through, on-power bidirectional fuelling, reactor shutdown by moderator dump, and a reactor building designed for total containment of any pressure or activity resulting from a credible accident.

Engineering facility and power capacity

The gross plant rating is 137 MWe and the corresponding net output is 125 MWe. The Nuclear Reactor Building contains the entire reactor system and auxiliaries, and consists of a pre-stressed concrete cylindrical wall, a hemispherical segmental dome of pre-stressed concrete, and a concrete base slab. The Turbine Building houses the turbine-generator and auxiliaries, some process water equipment, electrical distribution equipment, and the control room. The building is a reinforced concrete frame and block structure.

Nuclear reactor operations

The reactor consists of a tubed calandria vessel of austenitic stainless steel, which contains the heavy water moderator/reflector and 208 coolant tube assemblies. The moderator system consists of the calandria, coolers, pumps and purification system in the heavy water circuit, and control valves, dump valves and helium blowers in the helium circuit. The fuel is natural uranium in the form of sintered uranium dioxide pellets sheathed in thin zirconium alloy tubes to form solid fuel elements about 19.1 inches (48.53 cm) long by 0.6 inches (1.4 cm) diameter.

Future

KANUPP came into commercial operation in 1972 and after completing its 30 years of design life it was shut down on December 6, 2002. The plant became operational in 2006. At present the plant is undergoing several safety upgradations for operation beyond design life. On the request of KANUPP, the Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority allowed the plant to operate at 50 MW for the interim period. However, the PAEC has declined any media reports of shutting down the nuclear power plant. However, on June 30, 2009, a senior official of PAEC, has stated that the KANUPP will be decommissioned in 2012. The KANUPP-II, an indigenous nuclear power plant build by PAEC, will be taking the place of the KANUPP-I. However, the work on the KANUPP-II has been put on hold since July 2009. In November 2013, Pakistan and China confirmed that two ACP1000 Nuclear reactor, also known as Hualong-1, KANUPP-2 and KANUPP-3, will be built at Karachi.[3]

Leakage

On 18 Oct 2011 the KANUPP Karachi nuclear power plant imposed a seven-hour emergency after heavy water leaked from a feeder pipe to the reactor.[5] The leakage started around midnight on Tuesday during a routine maintenance shut down.[5] After the leakage was detected the emergency was imposed at the plant and the affected area was isolated. However the emergency was lifted seven hours later, after the leak was reportedly brought under control.[5]

KANUPP-2

KANUPP-2 will cost $4.8 billion and produce around 1,100 MW.[6][7][8] On 26 November 2013, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ceremonially broke ground on a new governmental power project at the Karachi Nuclear Power Complex for the construction of two CAP1400 Nuclear reactors, also known as Hualong-1, based on AP1000 Westinghouse Electric Company Pressurized water reactor.[3][9] Dr. Ansar Pervaiz, the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, said that KANUPP-2 would begin commercial operations by 2019.[10][11][12] [13]

KANUPP-3

KANUPP-3 will cost $4.8 billion and produce around 1,100 MW.[6][7] In November 2013, Pakistan and China confirmed that ACP1000 Nuclear reactor, based on [M310] Pressurized water reactor, will be built at Karachi.[3]

KANUPP-4

KANUPP-4, is a planned commercial nuclear power plant, to be located at Karachi.

Nuclear Engineering Training Center

The KANPC also consists of a nuclear engineering college. KANUPP's Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering (KINPOE) is controlled by PAEC. KINPOE offers 2-year Master program in nuclear engineering and is accredited by PIEAS.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 With Reactor Deal, China and Pakistan Seek to Reshape Global Nuclear Governance
  4. ↑ China making N-reactor copies to sell to Pakistan
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pakistan to start work on Chinese-aided nuclear power plant
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Govt to kick off work on 1,100MW nuclear power plant
  8. ↑ The Nuclear Shadow over Karachi
  9. ↑ Pakistan Breaks Ground on Nuclear Plant Project With China
  10. ↑ China commits $6.5 billion for nuclear power project in Karachi
  11. ↑ Local Fallout From Pakistan's Nuclear Energy Bet
  12. ↑ Nuclear reactors worry Pakistan's fishers
  13. ↑ PM Sharif in Karachi, inaugurates KANUPP-2 power project

External links

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