Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama
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Hebrew transcription(s) | |||
• ISO 259 | Kfar Kamaˀ | ||
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Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |||
Grid position | 191/236 PAL | ||
District | Northern | ||
Government | |||
• Type | Local council (from 1950) | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 8,854 dunams (8.854 km2 or 3.419 sq mi) | ||
Population (2011) | |||
• Total | 3,005 | ||
Name meaning | The village of truffles[1] |
Kfar Kama (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כְּפַר כַּמָא; Adyghe: Кфар Кама) is a town located in the lower Galilee, Israel, with a population of 2,900,[2] largely Circassian.
Contents
History
Kfar Kama might be identified with a village Helenoupolis that Constantine established in honor of his mother Helen.[3]
Excavations carried out in 1961 and 1963 revealed 4th century tombs.[4] Two churches dated to the early 6th century, one dedicated to Saint Thecla, were uncovered, with multicolored mosaics of floral, animal and geometric patterns.[4]
In the Crusader period it was known as Kapharchemme or Capharkeme.[5]
Ruins and parts of five limestone columns have been found, together with a circular basalt olive-press and cisterns.[6]
Ottoman era
In 1596, Kfar Kama appeared in Ottoman tax registers as a village in the Nahiya of Tiberias in the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 34 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, cotton, and goats or beehives.[7]
A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as El Hadaci.[8]
In the 1870s, it was described as having "basaltic stone houses, containing about 200 Moslems, situated in plain of arable soil."[9]
The current village was founded in 1878 by 1150 Circassian immigrants from the Adyghe tribe Shapsugs who were exiled from the Caucasus by the Russians to the Ottoman Empire due to the Russian-Circassian War.[10] Initially they made their living by raising animals, but later became farmers.[10] The first school was established about 1880.[10]
British Mandate era
At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, Kfar Kama had a population of 670 Muslims and 7 Christians.[11]
In 1945, the population comprised 660 Arabs and the land area was 8,819 dunams.[12] Of this, 8,293 dunams were for cereals,[13] while 108 dunams were built-up land.[14]
1948, and aftermath
The school in the village teaches in a mixed environment of classes in Circassian, Hebrew, Arabic and English languages.[15]
Kfar Kama is one of two Circassian villages in Israel. The other one is Rehaniya. The Circassians are Muslims, who unlike the main Israeli Arab Muslim minority, perform military service in the IDF.
A Center for Circassian Heritage is situated in the village.
Notable natives and residents
- Bibras Natkho (born February 18, 1988), a Circassian Israeli footballer currently playing for CSKA Moscow and the Israeli national football team.
- Nili Natkho (February 18, 1982 – November 5, 2004), a Circassian Israeli basketball player who played for Maccabi Raanana and Elitzur Ramla.
The Kfar Kama families
Shapsug families that live in Israel Kfar Kama
- Abrag (Adyghe: Абрэгь)
- Ashmuz/Achmuzh (Adyghe: Ачъумыжъ)
- Bghana (Adyghe: Бгъанэ)
- Bat (Adyghe: Бат)
- Blanghaps (Adyghe: БлэнгъэпсI)
- Batwash (Adyghe: БэтIыуашъ)
- Zazi(Adyghe: Зази)
- Kobla (Adyghe: Коблэ)
- Qal (Adyghe: Къалыкъу)
- Qatizh (Adyghe: Къэтыжъ)
- Lauz (Adyghe: ЛъыIужъ)
- Libai/Labai(Adyghe: ЛIыпый)
- Nago (Adyghe: Наго)
- Natkho (Adyghe: Натхъо)
- Nash (Adyghe: Наш)
- Napso (Adyghe: Нэпсэу)
- Thawcho (Adyghe: Тхьэухъо)
- Gorkozh (Adyghe: ГъоркIожъ)
- Hazal (Adyghe: Хъэзэл)
- Hadish (Adyghe: Хьэдищ)
- Hako/Hakho (Adyghe: Хьэхъу)
- Shamsi (Adyghe: Чъуэмшъо)
- Choshha/Shoshha (Adyghe: Чъушъхьэ)
- Showgan (Adyghe: Шэугьэн)
- Shaga (Adyghe: Шъуагьэ)
- Sagas/Shagash (Adyghe: Шъэгьашъ)
In the past there was also Shhalakhwa (Adyghe: Шхьэлахъуэ).
Other families that live in Kfar Kama
- Abzah (Adyghe: Абзах)
- Boshnakh (Adyghe: Бущнакъ)
- Bazdug/Bzhedug (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъу)
- Hatukai (Adyghe: Хьэтыкъуай)
- Tsai (Adyghe: Цэй)
- Shapsugh (Adyghe: Шапсыгъ).
Gallery
See also
- Kfar Kama Adyghe dialect
- Circassians in Israel
- Kfar Kama local council
- The World Circassian Heritage Center
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 127
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, 142
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dauphin, 1998, p. 727
- ↑ Pringle, 1997, p. 117
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 391
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 190
- ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 167.
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 360
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Tiberias, p. 39
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 72
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 122
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 172
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]]. |
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External links
- Welcome To Kafr Kama
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Articles containing Hebrew-language text
- Articles containing Arabic-language text
- Articles containing Adyghe-language text
- Commons category link from Wikidata
- Northern District (Israel)
- Circassian communities
- Circassians in Israel
- Local councils in Israel
- Populated places established in 1876
- Local councils in Northern District (Israel)
- 1876 establishments in Ottoman Syria