Namayan

Namayan
ancient polity
13th century–1571
Charcoal: approximate territorial extent of Namayan over a map of modern Metro Manila
Capital		Sapa (now Santa Ana, Manila)
Government		Lakán
History
•	Established	13th century
•	Conquest by Spain	1571
Succeeded by Viceroyalty of New Spain Spanish East Indies
Today part of		Philippines

Namayan (also called the Sapa, Maysapan or Nasapan, and sometimes Lamayan, and often anachronistically referred to as a "Kingdom") was one of three major polities that dominated the banks of the Pasig River and the coast of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines prior to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.

Namayan is said to be the oldest of the three polities, predating the historical polities of Tondo and Maynila. Formed by a confederation of barangays, it is said to have achieved its peak in 1175.

Historical record

See also: Hinduism in the Philippines, Religion in pre-colonial Philippines, Indosphere, and Indianized kingdom

Namayan was a pre-colonial Indianized kingdom. Much of what is known about precolonial Namayan is based on "Estado Geográfico, Topográfico, Estadístico, Histórico-Religioso de la Santa y Apostólica Província de San Gregorio Magno", published in 1865 by Franciscan scholar Fr. Felix de Huerta. His description of Namayan included important details such as the extent of Namayan's territories, and the lineage of its rulers.

Capital Sites

Three present-day locations are identified as the political centres of Namayan. Two of these are within today's Santa Ana, Manila, and the other is now a barangay of the Mandaluyong City across the river from the other sites.

Sapa

The site most associated with the kingdom is the town proper of Santa Ana, which grew around the Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish. This site did not become the centre of the settlement until 1578, when Franciscan missionaries chose to build the parish church of Santa Ana de Sapa some distance away from the original town. Local referred to the site as "Maysapan", or more simply, "Sapa."

Sapa is the Tagalog and Kapampangan word for a small creek. Nearby bodies of water matching the description include what would eventually be called Estero de Tripa de Gallina, and a smaller creek in the vicinity of what are now Del Pan, Havana, and Tejeron streets. However, old Santa Ana was known for being "criss-crossed by brooks and creeks", and any number of these creeks could have been obscured by eventual urbanization.

Christianised into Santa Ana de Sapa, the name eventually encompassed the district of the City of Manila now known as Santa Ana. Fr. de Huerta notes that "this town takes its name from the titular saint and the addition of Sapa for its having been established in a site immediately upon an estuary or rivulet proceeding from the Pasig River, which the natives call Sapa and the name of the town itself."

Lamayan

Instead of the Nasapan site, local traditions say that an area called Lamayan (Tagalog and Kapampangan for "the place where a wake was held"), on the banks of the Pasig itself. It was the site of the ancient capital from which Lakan Tagkan and Buwan once ruled. It is still recognisable today because the modern street still bears its name.

Barangay Namayan, Mandaluyong

A third location, Barangay Namayan in the City of Mandaluyong bears the name of the kingdom, and was clearly part of its ancient territory, located as it is on the banks of the Pasig just opposite of Lamayan.

Territory

Namayan's territory has been described bordering Manila Bay, the Pasig river, and Laguna de Bay. A more precise description of Namayan's administrative area is given by Fr. de Huerta, who, noting that Namayan was a confederation of several barangays, identified these component communities as they were named during the mid 19th century. Namayan citizen's called by the Army of Datu Makitan [Bai-Sai] shortened in bisaya dialect means [Bai ang ilahang sala atong ihatag sa ilaha] "Inilad" equivalent to deceived.

Most are now districts or barangays within the modern City of Manila:

• Maysapan (the royal seat; now the district of Santa Ana)
• Meycatmon (which literally means "a place with Catmon (Dillenia indica) trees" )
• Calatondangan (Kalatundungan)
• Dongos (Dungos)
• Dibag
• Pinacauasan
• Yamagtogon
• Malate
• Dilao (Paco)
• Pandacan
• Quiapo
• Sampaloc
• San Miguel

Four settlements are now separate cities in and around Metro Manila:

• San Juan del Monte (now San Juan City)
• San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong City)
• San Pedro de Macati (now Makati City)
• Taytay, Rizal

Administrative and political records of Spanish Manila indicate that these settlements mentioned as territories of the Kingdom of Sapa were recorded in 1578 as parts and visitas (satellite settlements) of Sta. Ana de Sapa.

A number of these settlements' names are no longer used today, but Philippine National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin, in his book "Manila My Manila: A History for the Young", says that the kingdom's territories included what are now Santa Ana, Quiapo, San Miguel, Sampaloc, Santa Mesa, Paco, Pandacan in Manila; Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati, Pasay, Pateros, Taguig, and Parañaque.

Rulers

Fr. Huerta also recorded the history of Namayan's rulers. It had been ruled from Sapa by Lakan Tagkan (also spelt Lacatagcan, Takhan), and Lady Buan. Their known issue was five individuals of whom the principal was named Palaba. Palaba sired a son named Laboy who, in turn, had a son named Calamayin whose own son was christened Martín when he converted to Catholicism.

"Dugong Bughaw" [lahi ng kalangitan] bloodlines from heavens equivalent to Royal Blood. Of perhaps greater interest, however, is Tagkan's child by his Bornean slave-wife. The child, named Pasay, inherited the territory known today the barangays of Pio del Pilar and Bangkál (formerly known as Barrio Culi-culi), Baclaran, and the modern city which still bears the name of this individual. There is, however, some disagreement as to whether Pasay was a son or daughter, with some legends bestowing the title "Dayang-dayang ("princess") on Pasay. Dayang-dayang is a term only, daughters of Sultan, Datu, Raha, and Lakan, mga anak na babae ng "Dugong Bughaw" Dayang-dayang o Maharlika. Pasay is at former sapa pisig, which means "bangsa-rasula" or nation of Rasula. Afterwards a certain, Hogohoy freed a few captured "mandirigma" (warrior) natives, from the forced labor of "baniaga" (foreigners). He disobeyed the command of "Datu" Makitan a possible Royal heir of a fallen Lakan of Tondo Datu Makitan from "Kabisaian" left his Siptin/Tribu-ulonhon/Raa/ Lapoh and joined other Datus, mainly Datu Susulan from the tribe of Muru-suluanos, and Siptin Sambun from Mandou Tribu-kalibugan Subanos. They have different ways of fighting strategies and ranking systems among its soldiers. The Kingdom's dock is at the village of Raha Kapo the first Raha who was killed by the baniaga (foreigners).

Rank system of Datu Makitan

• Raha/Siptin/Tribu-ulonhon
• Kandula
• LakanDula
• Bangsa-rasula

Spiritual Leaders

• Olonhon-Arahan
• Solundon-Darahan

After colonisation

When the parish of Sta. Ana de Sapa was founded in 1578, Franciscan missionaries chose to build their church, and eventually another settlement, some distance away from the ancient town. The result is that the present-day Santa Ana is no longer located at the original site of the capital of Namayan. This has raised some questions about pre-colonial graves that have recently been excavated near the Santa Ana church.

During the Spanish colonial era, Santa Ana was reduced to a fishing village that had other industries including carpentry, masonry, piña (pineapple cloth) embroidery, as well as the production of tinapá, cigars, bricks, sugar, and bread.

See also

• Kingdom of Maynila
• Kingdom of Tondo
• Hinduism in the Philippines
• History of the Philippines (Before 1521)

Additional reading

• Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños
• The River Dwellers by Grace P. Odal