Kugelrohr
| 1 Heating cage2 Bulb containing item to be distilled3 Cooling bath containing ice4 Vacuum outlet and electric motor (to rotate ball-string)
1 Heating cage
2 Bulb containing item to be distilled 3 Cooling bath containing ice 4 Vacuum outlet and electric motor (to rotate ball-string) |
|
| Uses | Distillation |
|---|---|
| Related items | Vacuum distillation |
A Kugelrohr (German for "ball tube") is a short-path vacuum distillation apparatus[1] typically used to distill relatively small amounts of compounds with high boiling points (usually greater than 300 °C) under greatly reduced pressure.
Contents
Design
"Short path" refers to the short distance that the vapors of the distillate need to travel, which helps reduce loss and speed up collection of the distillate. Distilling under vacuum is used to prevent the compound from charring due to atmospheric oxygen, as well as to allow the distillation to proceed at a lower temperature.[2][3]
The apparatus consists of an electric heater with a digital thermostat and two or more bulbs connected with ground glass joints. The compound to be distilled is placed in the last bulb. The other bulbs can be used to collect the distillates sequentially; when they are collecting the desired fraction, the bulb is cooled with ice to aid condensation. A motor drive is used to rotate the string of bulbs to reduce bumping and give even heating for an efficient distillation.
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Kugelrohr Distillation Apparatus at the Sigma-Aldrich company website, accessed 8 Sep 2006.
- ↑ Kugelrohr Distillation Apparatus at the Buchi company website, accessed 15 Nov 2006.
Gallery
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A simple short path vacuum distillation apparatus can be used for bulb-to-bulb distillation.
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