Lampung

Lampung
Province
Clockwise, from top left : Mount Anak Krakatau, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Port of Bakauheni, Pahawang Islands
Flag Seal
Motto: "Sai Bumi Ruwa Jurai"
Location of Lampung in Indonesia
Coordinates:
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Bandar Lampung
Government
• Governor	Muhammad Ridho Ficardo
Area
• Total	35,376 km2 (13,659 sq mi)
Population (2014)
• Total	7,972,246
• Density	230/km2 (580/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Javanese (62%), Sundanese (9%), Lampung (25%), Malay (4%), Bantenese (3%)
• Religion	Muslim (92%), Protestant (1.8%), Catholic (0.8%), Hinduism (1.7%), Buddhist (0.3%)
• Languages	Indonesian
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Vehicle registration	BE
HDI	0.664 (Medium)
HDI rank	24th (2014)
Website	lampungprov.go.id

Lampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra and borders the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatra which lie to the north. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak their own language and have their own alphabet. Its capital is Bandar Lampung.

The province had a population of 7,596,115 at the 2010 census; the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 7,972,246. Three quarters of the current population of Lampung is descended from migrants from Java, Madura, and Bali. These migrants came on their initiative, in search of more land than was available on the more densely populated islands, and as part of the national government's transmigration program, for which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations.

Lampung is commonly known for its geological instability in terms of earthquakes and volcanoes. On 10 May 2005, an earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck the province. The historical volcano blast of Krakatau which occurred in 1883, had disastrous consequences.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	2,777,008	—
1980	4,624,785	+66.5%
1990	6,017,573	+30.1%
1995	6,657,759	+10.6%
2000	6,741,439	+1.3%
2010	7,596,115	+12.7%
2014	7,972,246	+5.0%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010

History

The area was part of the Banten Sultanate until it was annexed by the Dutch in 1752 and then became known as Residentie Lampoengse Districten. It was part of the Dutch East Indies.

Administrative divisions

Lampung Province is subdivided into twelve regencies (kabupaten) and two autonomous cities (kota), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and at the most recent (January 2014) estimates. A thirteenth regency - West Pesisir Regency - was formed on 25 October 2012 from part of West Lampung Regency, but no separate statistics are yet available.

Name	Area (km2)	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate 2014	Capital
Bandar Lampung City	118.50	879,651	923,970	Bandar Lampung
Metro City	68.74	145,346	152,428	Metro
South Lampung Regency (Lampung Selatan)	2,109.74	909,989	956,126	Kalianda
East Lampung Regency (Lampung Timur)	5,325.03	950,574	997,147	Sukadana
Mesuji Regency	432.60	187,286	196,369	Mesuji
North Lampung Regency (Lampung Utara)	2,725.63	583,925	612,218	Kotabumi
Pesawaran Regency	2,243.51	397,294	417,921	Gedong Tataan
Pringsewu Regency	625.00	364,825	382,841	Pringsewu
Central Lampung Regency (Lampung Tengah)	4,789.80	1,170,048	1,226,702	Gunung Sugih
Tanggamus Regency	3,356.61	534,595	562,274	Kota Agung
Tulang Bawang Regency	6,851.32	397,079	416,934	Menggala
Way Kanan Regency	3,921.63	406,735	425,544	Blambangan Umpu
West Lampung Regency (Lampung Barat)	4,950.40	418,560	439,076	Liwa
West Pesisir Regency (Pesisir Barat)	*	*	*	Krui
West Tulang Bawang Regency (Tulang Bawang Barat)	1,201.00	250,208	262,696	Panaragan Jaya
Total Province	34,623.80	7,596,115	7,972,246	Bandar Lampung

Note

^* - The area and population for West Pesisir Regency are included in the figures for West Lampung Residency given above.

Some of the major produce in the country includes robusta Coffee beans, Cocoa beans, coconuts and cloves. This has resulted in a thriving agricultural sector with companies like Nestlé procuring coffee beans from the region. This agriculture has included illegal growing in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. In addition, Nata de Coco is also manufactured in the region by domestic companies like Wong Coco.

Textiles

A couple from Lampung in traditional costume during colonial period.

Up until the 1920s, Lampung had a rich and varied weaving tradition. Lampung weaving used a supplementary weft technique which enabled coloured silk or cotton threads to be superimposed on a plainer cotton background. The most prominent Lampung textile was the Palepai, ownership of which was restricted to the Lampung aristocracy of the Kalianda Bay area. There were two types of smaller cloths, known as tatibin and tampan, which could be owned and used by all levels of Lampungese society. Weaving technologies were spread throughout Lampung. High quality weavings were produced by the Paminggir, Krui, Abung and Pesisir peoples. Production was particularly prolific among the people of the Kalianda Bay area in the south and the Krui aristocracy in the north.

The oldest surviving examples of Lampung textiles date back to the eighteenth century, but some scholars believe that weaving may date back to the first millennium AD when Sumatra first came under Indian cultural influence. The prevalence of Buddhist motifs, such as diamonds, suggests that the weaving traditions were already active in the time when Lampung came under the Buddhist Srivijayan rule. There are similarities between Lampung weaving and weaving traditions in some parts of modern-day Thailand that experienced cultural contact with Sriwijaya.

Lampung textiles, Palepai, tatebin and tampan were called 'ship cloths' because ships are a common motif. The ship motif represents the transition from one realm of life to the next, for instances from boyhood to manhood or from being single to married and also represents the final transition to the afterlife.

Traditionally, Lampung textiles were used as part of religious ceremonies such as weddings and circumcisions. For instance, the Palepai cloths were used as long ceremonial wall-hangings behind the bridal party in aristocratic marriages. The smaller, more humble tampan cloths were exchanged between families at the time of weddings.

Production of many fine cloths blossomed in the late nineteenth century as Lampung grew rich on pepper production, but the devastating eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 destroyed many weaving villages in the Kalianda area. By the 1920s the increasing importance of Islam and the collapse of the pepper trade brought production to a halt Today Lampung textiles are highly prized by collectors.

Railroads

A 270 kilometer long rail track is planned from Tanjung Enim to Lampung. This rail track would be used for coal transportation to boost coal exports.

Tourism

Tourism is not Lampung Province's main income, although the administration will boost tourism by organising a tourism event, Flamboyant Tanjung Setia, to draw tourists visit to Tanjung Setia Beach which has natural panoramic view and challenging waves for surfing. Another tourist attraction is the "Way Kambas" elephants park, which is popular with local tourists. In 2010, there were 400,000 tourists who visited Lampung Province, including 10,000 foreign tourists who mainly came from Australia and New Zealand.

In the recent years, the province has been largely popular for snorkeling and diving. Many domestic tourists as well as international ones from various diving communities had been visiting the different spots the province offers, such as: Pantai Ringgung, Pulau Tegal, Pulau Pahawang, Pulau Kelagian, Pulau Balak, Pulau Mahitam, and Tanjung Putus.

Further reading

• Elmhirst, R. (2001). Resource Struggles and the Politics of Place in North Lampung, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 22(3):284-307.
• Pain, Marc (ed). (1989). Transmigration and spontaneous migrations in Indonesia : Propinsi Lampung. Bondy, France: ORSTOM.

External links

• Early Indonesian textiles from three island cultures: Sumba, Toraja, Lampung, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Lampung