Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg

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Caroline
Princess of Condé
File:Caroline de Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg by an unknown artist.jpg
Burial Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
Spouse Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon
Issue Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
Father Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
Mother Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim

Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg[1] (18 August 1714 – 14 June 1741) was the consort of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon.

Biography

Born at Rotenburg an der Fulda in Hesse, Germany, she was the daughter of Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg, head of the Roman Catholic branch of the House of Hesse,[2] by his wife Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort. She was one of 10 children.

On 24 July 1728 she married Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon at Sarry in France. Louis Henri was a French prince of the Blood Royal and head of the House of Condé, a branch of the House of Bourbon. Maternally, he was a grandson of Louis XIV of France through his mother, one of the king's legitimated daughters. By the time of his second marriage to Caroline, Louis Henri had lost the sight of one eye and the attractive slenderness his height bestowed upon him in youth.[3] After marriage she was known at the French court as Madame la Duchesse.

File:Portrait de Caroline de Hesse-Rheinfels, duchesse de Bourbon, princesse de Condé (18th century, PE 377).jpg
Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels, Princess of Condé, by Pierre Gobert.

The previous Princess of Condé had been Marie Anne de Bourbon and had died eight years before the marriage between Caroline and Louis Henri. Caroline was alleged to have been pretty and to have been included on a list of possible wives for Louis XV of France, but had been removed on account of her bad temper. When her husband was banished to his estates in 1725, Madame la Duchesse was obliged to withdraw with him to the Château de Chantilly until Monsieur le Duc was pardoned and the couple were allowed to resume attendance at the royal court again in 1730, where they lived quietly at the Hôtel de Condé. The couple had one child eight years into their marriage:

Her husband died at the Château de Chantilly on 27 January 1740, in the same year the future Marquis de Sade was born at the Hôtel de Condé; his mother was Caroline's lady in waiting. Caroline died in Paris in June 1741 and was buried at the Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris.[4]

In 1767 her niece, Princess Maria Luisa of Savoy, would come to France to marry the young Louis Alexandre de Bourbon. She would become the great friend of Marie Antoinette as the princesse de Lamballe and be murdered by a revolutionary mob in Paris during the September Massacres of 1792.

In 1745 another of her nieces, Princess Viktoria of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, would marry Charles, Prince of Soubise, head of the junior branch of the House of Rohan and father of Charlotte de Rohan, who would also marry a Prince of Condé.

Ancestry

Family of Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Countess Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Philipp Reinhard I, Count of Solms-Hohensolms
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Marie Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Countess Elisabeth of Wied
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Johann Dietrich, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Josina de La Mark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Egon, Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Princess Anna Maria of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Johann Dietrich, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (=20)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (=10)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Josina de La Mark (=21)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Maximilian Karl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Egon, Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (=22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (=11)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Princess Anna Maria of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (=23)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Jakob Khuen von Belasi, Count zu Lichtenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Mathias Khuen von Belasi, Count zu Lichtenberg und Gandegg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Siguna Margaretha von Annenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Countess Polyxena Khuen von Belasi zu Lichtenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Ferdinand Balthasar, Count of Meggau
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Countess Anna Susanna von Meggau zu Kreutzen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Countess Esther von Sulz
 
 
 
 
 
 

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 18 August 1714 - 24 July 1728 Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg[1]
  • 24 July 1728 - 27 January 1740 Her Serene Highness[5] the Princess of Condé
  • 27 January 1740 - 14 June 1741 Her Serene Highness the Dowager Princess of Condé

References

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  • Mouffle d'Angerville, The Private Life of Louis XV. "Annotated and amplified by quotations from original and unpublished documents by Albert Mirac." Translated from the French by H.S. Mingard. 1924, New York; Boni and Liveright.  D'Angerville's original title: Vie privée de Louis XV, ou principaux évènements, particularités et anecdotes de son règne. 4 vols. crown 8vo., published in London in 1781. Meyrac says he "extracted these piquant pages" from the original.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Huberty 1976, pp. 108, 129, 146-147, 153-154.
  2. ↑ Huberty 1976, p. 75.
  3. ↑ Meyrac's footnote in d'Angerville, p. 33.
  4. ↑ Royalty Guide
  5. ↑ This style was seldom used, however, as the style Madame la Duchesse was deemed unique to the premiere princesse du sang

See also

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