Late Period of ancient Egypt

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Late Period of ancient Egypt
c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC
The Egyptian Kingdom within the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 671 BC.
Capital Sais, Mendes, Sebennytos
Languages Ancient Egyptian
Religion Ancient Egyptian religion
Government Monarchy
History
 •  Established c. 664 BC 
 •  Disestablished  c. 332 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
Ptolemaic Egypt
List_of_pharaohs#Argead_Dynasty
Today part of  Egypt

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Late Period of ancient Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Persian conquests and ended with the conquest by Alexander the Great and establishment of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. It ran from 664 BC until 332 BC. Though foreigners ruled the country at this time, Egyptian culture was more prevalent than ever. Libyans and Persians alternated rule with native Egyptians, but traditional conventions continued in the arts.[1]:16

It is often regarded as the last gasp of a once great culture, during which the power of Egypt steadily diminished.

26th Dynasty

The Twenty-Sixth Dynasty, also known as the Saite Dynasty after Sais, reigned from 672 BC to 525 BC. Canal construction from the Nile to the Red Sea began.

According to Jeremiah, during this time many Jews came to Egypt, fleeing after the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem by the Babylonians (586 BC). Jeremiah and other Jewish refugees arrived in Lower Egypt, notably in Migdol, Tahpanhes and Memphis. Some refugees also settled at Elephantine and other settlements in Upper Egypt (Jeremiah 43 and 44). Jeremiah mentions pharaoh Apries (as Hophra, Jeremiah 44:30) whose reign came to a violent end in 570 BC.

One major contribution from the Late Period of ancient Egypt was the Brooklyn Papyrus. This was a medical papyrus with a collection of medical and magical remedies for victims of snakebites based on snake type or symptoms.[1]:55

Egypt 664-332 BC - Brooklyn Museum

Artwork during this time were representative of animal cults and animal mummies. This image shows the god Pataikos wearing a scarab beetle on his head, supports two human-headed birds on his shoulders, holds a snake in each hand, and stands atop crocodiles.[1]:16

Figure of Pataikos, 664-30 BC - Brooklyn Museum

27th Dynasty

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The First Achaemenid Period (525–404 BC) period saw Egypt conquered by an expansive Achaemenid Empire under Cambyses.

28th–30th Dynasties

The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty consisted of a single king, Amyrtaeus, prince of Sais, who rebelled against the Persians. He left no monuments with his name. This dynasty reigned for six years, from 404 BC to 398 BC.

The Twenty-Ninth Dynasty ruled from Mendes, for the period from 398 BC to 380 BC.

The Thirtieth Dynasty took their art style from the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty. A series of three pharaohs ruled from 380 BC until their final defeat in 343 BC led to the re-occupation by the Persians.

31st Dynasty

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There was a Second Achaemenid Period of the Thirty-First Dynasty (343–332 BC).

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Roberto B. Gozzoli: The Writing of History in Ancient Egypt During the First Millennium BCE (ca. 1070-180 BCE). Trend and Perspectives, London 2006, ISBN 0-9550256-3-X
  • Lloyd, Alan B. 2000. "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw". Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 369-394
  • Quirke, Stephen. 1996 "Who were the Pharaohs?", New York: Dover Publications. 71-74



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