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Sleight of hand

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A cardsharp using sleight of hand to win a game of cards.

Sleight of hand (also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain) is hand methods and finger techniques used by performing artists in many art forms to entertain or manipulate. It is closely associated and often mistaken for close-up magic, card cheating, stealing and card flourishing.

Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians, sleight of hand is often confused as a branch of magic, but is in reality a separate genre of entertainment, as many artists practice sleight of hand without the slightest interest in magic.

Sleight of hand pioneers with worldwide acclaim include Dan and Dave, Ricky Jay, David Blaine, David Copperfield, Yann Frisch, Dai Vernon and Tony Slydini.

Etymology and history

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The word sleight, meaning "the use of dexterity or cunning, especially so as to deceive", comes from the Old Norse.[1] The phrase sleight of hand means "quick fingers" or "trickster fingers".[1] Common synonyms from the latin alphabet include prestidigitation and legerdemain.[1] Seneca the Younger, philosopher of the Silver Age of Latin literature, famously compared rhetoric techniques and illusionist techniques.[2]

Association with close-up magic

David Blaine impressing Bill Gates, Henry Kissinger and Michael Bloomberg with card tricks involving sleight of hand

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Sleight of hand is often used in close-up magic, where the sleights are performed with the audience close to the magician, usually in physical contact or within 3 to 4 m (9.8 to 13.1 ft).[3] This close contact eliminate theories of fake audience members and the use of gimmicks.[3] It makes use of everyday items as props, such as cards, coins, rubber bands, paper, phones and even saltshakers.[3] A well-performed sleight looks like an ordinary, natural and completely innocent gesture, change in hand-position or body posture.[4] In addition to manual dexterity, sleight of hand in close-up magic depends on the use of psychology, timing, misdirection, and natural choreography in accomplishing a magical effect.[4]

Association with stage magic

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Sleight of hand during stage magic performances is not common, as most magic events and stunts are performed with objects visible to a much larger audience, but is nevertheless done occasionally by many stage performers.[5] The most common magic tricks performed with sleight of hand on stage are rope manipulations and card tricks, with the first typically being done with a member of the audience to rule out the possibility of stooges and the latter primarily being done on a table while a camera is live-recording, allowing the rest of audience to see the performance on a big screen.[6][7] Worldwide acclaimed master of stage magic David Copperfield often include illusions featuring sleight of hand in his stage shows.[7]

Association with card cheating

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Although being mostly used for entertainment and comedy purposes, sleight of hand is also notoriously used to cheat at casinos and gambling facilities throughout the world.[8] Common ways to professionally cheat at card games using sleight of hand include palming, switching, ditching, and stealing cards from the table.[8] Such techniques include extreme misdirection and years of practice.[8] For these reasons, the term sleight of hand frequently carries negative associations of dishonesty and deceit at many gambling halls, and many magicians known around the world are publicly banned from casinos, such as British pioneer of mentalism and close-up magic Derren Brown, who is banned from every casino in Britain.[9]

Association with card flourishing

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Card flourishing is closely related to sleight of hand

Unlike card tricks done on the streets or on stage and card cheating, card flourishing is solely about impressing without illusions, deceit, misdirection and other elements commonly used in card tricks and card cheating.[10] Card flourishes are always intended to be visually impressive and appear extremely difficult to perform.[10] Card flourishing is often associated with card tricks, but many sleight of hand artists perform flourishing without considering themselves magicians or having any real interest in card tricks.[10]

Association with card throwing

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The art of card throwing generally consist of throwing standard playing cards with excessively high speed and accuracy, powerful enough to slice fruits like carrots and even melons.[11][12] Like flourishing, throwing cards are meant to be visibly impressive and does not include magic elements.[12] Card throwing pioneer Ricky Jay popularized throwing cards within the sleight of hand industry with the release of his 1977 book entitled Cards as Weapons, which was met with large sales and critical acclaim.[13] Some magic tricks, including both close-up and stage, are heavily connected to throwing cards.[14]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Oxford Dictionary 2015.
  2. Whaley & Bell 1991, p. 314.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Longe 2003, p. 9.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Henry 1975, pp. 495–498.
  5. Ostovich & Hopkins 2014, pp. 114–116.
  6. Scarne 2003, p. 236.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Forbes 2008.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Jones 2007, pp. 54–55.
  9. The Times 2008.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tarr 1976, pp. 59, 89.
  11. Jay 2008, pp. 91–92.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Jay 2008, p. 90.
  13. The New Yorker 1993.
  14. Hugard & Braué 2012, pp. 43, 49.

Sources

Printed

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Online

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External links

fr:Prestidigitation

ja:手品