Liberian cuisine
Liberian cuisine has been influenced by contact, trade and colonization from the United States, especially foods from the American South (Southern food), interwoven with traditional West African foods. The diet is centered on the consumption of rice and other starches, tropical fruits, vegetables, and local fish and meat. Liberia also has a tradition of baking imported from the United States that is unique in West Africa.[1]
Contents
Dietary staples
Starches
Rice is a staple of the Liberia diet, whether commercial or country ("swamp rice"), and either served "dry" (without a sauce), with stew or soup poured over it, cooked into the classic jollof rice, or ground into a flour to make country breh (bread).[2] Cassava is processed into several types of similar starchy foods: fufu, dumboy, and GB (or geebee).[2] Eddoes (taro root) is also eaten.[3]
Fruits and vegetables
Popular Liberian ingredients ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes.[4] Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chillies are popular and eaten with fufu.[5] Potato greens, the leafy plant of the sweet potato, is widely grown and consumed, as is bitterball (a small vegetable similar to eggplant), and okra.[6]
Fish and meat
Fish is one of the key animal protein sources in Liberia, with a 1997 study noting that in the Upper Guinea countries (of which Liberia is one), fish made up 30-80% of animal proteins in the diet.[7] However, studies have noted that in that region, consumption of fish actually declined from the 1970s to the 1990s due to "land and catchments degradation".[8][9] Small dried fishes are known as bodies or bonnies.[10]
Bushmeat
Bushmeat is widely eaten in Liberia, and is considered a delicacy.[11] A 2004 public opinion survey found that bushmeat ranked second behind fish amongst Monrovians as a preferred source of protein.[11] Of households where bushmeat was served, 80% of residents said they cooked it “once in a while,” while 13% cooked it once a week and 7% cooked bushmeat daily.[11] The survey was conducted during the last civil war, and bushmeat consumption is now believed to be far higher.[11]
Endangered species are hunted for human consumption in Liberia.[12] Species hunted for food in Liberia include elephants, pygmy hippopotamus, chimpanzees, leopards, duikers, and various types of monkeys.[12]
Alcohol
While Liberia produces, imports, and consumes some standard beers and liquors, the traditional palm wine made from fermenting palm tree sap is popular. Palm wine can be drunk as-is, used as a yeast substitute in bread, or used as vinegar after it has soured.[13] A local rum is also made from sugarcane, and called "cane juice"[14] or "gang gang".[15]
References
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- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Extinction is forever: A crisis that is Liberia's endangered wildlife", Wynfred Russell, Front Page Africa, 15 January 2014.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Poaching in Liberia's Forests Threatens Rare Animals", Anne Look, Voice of America News, May 08, 2012.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ http://roadsandkingdoms.com/5-oclock-somewhere/the-rum-shop-at-the-end-of-the-universe/
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