Lincoln Park Conservatory

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Lincoln Park Conservatory
Lincoln park conservatory.jpg
Established 1877; in present location since 1893
Location 2391 North Stockton Drive,
Chicago, Illinois, USA
60614
Director Mary Eysenbach
Website Lincoln Park Conservatory

Positioned near the shore of Lake Michigan, the Lincoln Park Conservatory (1.2 ha / 3 acres) is a conservatory and botanical garden in Lincoln Park in Chicago, Illinois. The conservatory is located at 2391 North Stockton Drive just south of Fullerton Avenue, west of Lake Shore Drive, and part of the Lincoln Park, Chicago community area.[1][2] The Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool and the North Pond Nature Sanctuary are further to the north along Stockton Drive. Along with the Garfield Park Conservatory on Chicago's west side, the Lincoln Park Conservatory provides significant horticultural collections, educational programs and community outreach efforts.[3]

Lincoln Park Conservatory is a Victorian Era glass house, built in late nineteenth century. It contains four rooms displaying exotic plants from around the world. Rare orchids, like the Moth orchid, can be found in the Orchid room.

A French-style formal garden is situated in front of the Conservatory; one of the oldest gardens in Chicago, designed and planted in the late 1870s. Since its foundation, the formal garden has been the home of many sculptors and works of art. The most famous are the Bates fountains, the Schiller monument, and the Shakespeare monument. The formal garden is planted between May and June. Though the peak viewing time is between July and August, the display lasts till mid-October.[4]

History

Stereoscope image of the conservatory circa 1900

Conservatories were originally benevolent establishments attached to hospitals or other charitable or religious institutions. They provided plants and organisms for medicinal use and research.

In the early nineteenth century, the development of iron and glass building technology led to the constructions of conservatories in major cities in the United States as well as other countries in the world. Chicago had become overcrowded as its population had increased rapidly. With a growing concern about the ill effect of industrialization, interest in collecting and classifying plant life became very popular. The city leaders decided to build a new and more substantial conservatory to replace a small greenhouse built in the 1870s. Architects Joseph Lyman Silsbee and M.E. Bell designed and built an exotic-style glass conservatory which was described as “a paradise under glass". Originally, the aquatic plants were placed in a heated pond outside. They were later moved into tanks inside the conservatory. The Conservatory's exotic plans were so popular that in 1897, the Egyptian government asked the Conservatory for seeds of water lilies flowers.[5]

Architects

Lincoln Park Conservatory and the Great Garden
The Fernery
Palm House and architectural detail

The Lincoln Park Conservatory was built between 1890 and 1895 by Lincoln Park’s Commission.[6] The Lincoln Park Commission established a greenhouse at the Lincoln Park site in 1877 and planted an adjacent formal garden in 1880. Due to the fascination of horticulture among the city dwellers, Lincoln Park’s small greenhouse was no longer sufficient for all the plants. Large conservatories with different plants and exhibit rooms were gaining big popularity. Nationally renowned architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee designed the Victorian conservatory in collaboration with another Chicago architect, Mifflin E. Bell. Between 1890 and 1895 they created a glass building that would support "a luxuriant tropical growth, blending the whole into a natural grouping of Nature's loveliest forms".[7] Silsbee gave the conservatory an exotic form by creating a series of trusses in the shape of ogee arches.

Picture of a one of the many Palms found inside the Palm House

Halls

Today's conservatory consists of a vestibule, four display halls and fifteen propagating and growing houses. The vestibule and Palm House were built and opened to the public in 1892 and contain giant palms and rubber trees, including a 15 m (50 ft) fiddle-leaf rubber tree planted in 1891. The Palm House, has a display of more than twelve different types of palms. The most unique palms include Dwarf Sugar, Bottle, Fiji Fan, and Everglade palms. Some of the most recognized palms include the pygmy date plan and the coconut palm due to its fruit. Furthermore, this large house also includes palms that contain food which include: breadfruit, bananas, grapefruit, oranges, papaya, coffee, sugarcane, and cacao.[8] In the Palm House, one can also find Garden Figure, a sculpture by Frederick Hibbard.[9] The Fern Room or Fernery, approximately five and a half feet below grade, was opened in 1895. It contains plants of the forest floor, primarily a vast collection of ferns. In Fern Room an individual would find one of the most historical plants, the cycads. Fossils of these plants are dated back at least 250 million years. These plants are similar to conifers and the ginkgo tree rather than Palm Trees.[8] The Tropical Room was originally called the stove house. Opened in 1895, it contained an assortment of tropical plants suspended from bark-covered walls. It is now called the Orchid Room and has a collection of approximately 25,000 natural species.In this house an individual will find hundreds of orchids, bromeliads and a few tropical carnivorous plants. Orchids just like bromeliads get there water from the humanity of the room.[8] The Display House or The Show House is used for seasonal flower exhibits. The year begins with the "Spring Flower Show" that starts on January 21 and ends on May 13. Following that show is the "Tropical Summer Show" that starts on June 2 and runs through September 23rd. Finally, the year ends with the "Winter Flow and Train Show" that runs starts on November 24 and ends on January 6th.[8]

Surrounding gardens

Throughout the long history of the conservatory, there has been an important relationship between the structure and its surrounding landscape. Twelve beds of colorful summer annuals and tropical plants surround Storks at Play, also known as the Eli Bates Fountain, by sculptors Augustus St. Gaudens and Frederick MacMonnies. This large formal garden is located just south of the Lincoln Park Conservatory. Called the Great Garden, it is one of the oldest public gardens in Chicago and pre-dates the present conservatory by 20 years.[10] The Lincoln Park Commission installed the fountain in 1886–87.[11] Its design was chosen by Chicago's Lincoln Memorial Fund over those of four others submitted during an 1883 competition.[11]

Schiller Monument

The Schiller Monument, at the south end of the garden, is a copy of an original monument to German poet Friedrich Schiller. It was cast in Stuttgart, Germany and erected in 1886 by a group known as Chicago Citizens of German Descent. The original work is regarded as the masterpiece of its sculptor, Ernst Bildhauer Rau. To the west, the William Shakespeare Monument by William Ordway Partridge sits in an old English garden.[12] Installed in 1894, it was purchased through a bequest from Samuel Johnston, a Chicago real estate and railway tycoon.[13]

Eli Bates Fountain

Eli Bates Fountain, also known as Storks at Play, is in the center of the formal garden. It is composed of a large, circular granite basin, two bronze storks (or, possibly, herons) with outstretched wings and water spewing water from their beaks, three figures that are half-boy and half-fish each holding unwieldy fishes, and bronze reeds and cattails at the center. The fountain was installed in 1887 as a gift from Eli Bates, a wealthy Chicago business man. It was designed by famous artist Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907), and his assistant Frederick William MacMonnies (1863–1937), who later would design the famous central fountain, the Grand Barge of State, in the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition.[14]

Conifer Garden

Various conifers are planted outside, along the west side and front of the Conservatory. “Conifers are trees and shrubs with needle-like leaves that bear cones.” Most of these Conifers are evergreen plants.[8]

Alterations

The Lincoln Park Conservatory underwent major alterations in 1925. The original terrace and the front vestibule were removed and the entryway's original gabled roof was replaced with the bell-shaped roof that exists today. A new and expanded lobby space was constructed. The front of the conservatory was altered and expanded again in 1954 to provide public washrooms and create a solid entryway vestibule.[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ City of Chicago, Explore Chicago "Lincoln Park Conservatory" (retrieved 2/19/11)
  3. ↑ "Paradise Under Glass: Chicago's Historic Conservatories," Annual Conference of the Alliance for Historic Landscape Preservation, 1999
  4. ↑ “About Lincoln Park Conservatory & Gardens”. Lincolnparkconservancy.org. Retrieved September 30th, 2015. http://www.lincolnparkconservancy.org/about_the_conservatory.html
  5. ↑ “Lincoln Park Conservatory.” Chicagoparkdistrict.com. Retrieved September 30th, 2015. http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/lincoln-park-conservatory/
  6. ↑ “Lincoln Park Conservatory.” Chicago Park District, n.d. Web. 07 Oct.2015.<http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/lincoln-park-conservatory/>.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Lincoln Park Conservatory and Gardens." Lincoln Park Conservatory. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.lincolnparkconservancy.org/lincoln_park_conservatory_info.html>.
  9. ↑ A Guide to Chicago's Public Sculpture, Bach, Ira J. and Mary Lackritz Gray, Univ. of Chicago Press. 1983
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Chicago Park District, "William Shakespeare Monument" (retrieved 2/18/11)
  13. ↑ “Literary figures in Lincoln Park”. Chicagohistoryfair.org. Retrieved September 30th, 2015. http://www.chicagohistoryfair.org/images/stories/pdfs/literary%20figures%20in%20lincoln%20park.pdf
  14. ↑ “Eli Bates Fountain”. Chicagoparkdistrict.com. Retrieved September 30th, 2015. http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/lincoln-park/eli-bates-fountain/
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

10. The Lincoln Park Conservatory by Inara Cedrins, http://www.amazon.com/Lincoln-Park-Conservatory-Inara-Cedrins-ebook/dp/B00D3OB3NI/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8

External links

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 Fullerton Avenue Lake Shore Drive/Lake Michigan
Belden-Stratford Hotel Lake Shore Drive/Lake Michigan
  Lincoln Park Conservatory  
Lincoln Park Zoo Lake Shore Drive/Lake Michigan
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