List of Bohemian Club members

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The Bohemian Club's mascot is an owl, here cast in masonry, and perched over the main club entrance at 624 Taylor Street in San Francisco.

The following list of Bohemian Club members includes both past and current members of note. Membership in the male-only, private Bohemian Club takes a variety of forms, with membership regularly offered to new university presidents and to military commanders stationed in the San Francisco Bay Area. Regular, full members are usually wealthy and influential men who pay full membership fees and dues, and who must often wait 15 years for an opening, as the club limits itself to about 2700 men. Associate members are graphic and musical artists, and actors, who pay lesser fees because of their usefulness in assisting with club activities in San Francisco and at the Bohemian Grove. Professional members are associate members who have developed the ability to pay full dues, or are skilled professionals selected from the arts community.

Honorary members are elected by club members, and pay no membership fees or annual dues. Four women were made honorary members in the club's first two decades, though they were not given the full privileges of regular club members.[1] Several honorary members never availed themselves of the club's offer—there is no record of Mark Twain visiting the club, and Boston resident Oliver Wendell Holmes never visited but he responded immediately with a poem when notified by telegram of the honor, despite being wakened at midnight.[2]

Each member is associated with a "camp", that is, one of 118 rustic sleeping and leisure quarters scattered throughout the Bohemian Grove, where each member sleeps during the two weeks (three weekends) of annual summer encampment in July. These camps are the principal means through which high-level business and political contacts and friendships are formed.[3]

Member Category Camp Ref.
Robert I. Aitken [4]
Luis Walter Alvarez [5]
Martin Anderson Sempervirens [6]
Earle C. Anthony [7]
Peter R. Arnott Shoestring [8]
Samuel W. Backus [4]
Stephen David Bechtel, Sr. [3]
Ambrose Bierce Founding [9]
Hiram Reynolds Bloomer Founding [4][10]
Charles R. Blyth [11]
John Henry Boalt [12][13]
George C. Boardman [4]
Leon Bocqueraz [4]
Henry M. Bosworth Honorary Life [4]
Edward Bosqui Founding [4]
William B. Bourn II [14]
Elizabeth Crocker Bowers Honorary [1]
Allan St. John Bowie [4]
James F. Bowman Founding [15]
Margaret B. Bowman Honorary [1][15]
Harry J. Brady Honorary Life [4]
Frederic H. Brandi [9]
Edward Lacy Brayton [14]
Domenico Brescia [16][17]
Nathaniel J. Brittan Life [4]
George T. Bromley Honorary [15]
Samuel Marsden Brookes Founding [18]
Emile Bruguière [14]
Frank H. Buck [14]
Aurelius E. Buckingham [4]
Christopher Buckley [19]
Charles Bundschu [4]
Frank Gelett Burgess [4]
Hugh M. Burke Honorary Life [4][13]
Daniel M. Burns [4]
George H. W. Bush Hillbillies [9]
Norton Bush [18]
Giuseppe Cadenasso [18]
Guido E. Caglieri [4]
George T. Cameron [14]
Chauncey L. Canfield [4]
Robert Capelle [4]
Harris C. Capwell [14]
Emil Carlsen [4]
Charles Joseph Carlson [4]
Harry P. Carlton [4]
Alexander T. Case [20]
Joseph A. Chanslor [14]
Horace B. Chase [4]
Ernest D. Chipman [14]
George Chismore [4][21]
Andrew Christeson [4]
Warren Christopher [22]
Harry Corson Clarke [4]
Alden W. Clausen Hillbillies [23]
John Willard Clawson [4]
Philip T. Clay [14]
Sydney A. Cloman [14]
Charles Coburn Honorary [3]
Colbert Coldwell [3]
Alex K. Coney [4]
Russell H. Cool [4]
Ina Coolbrith Honorary [1]
Joseph Coors [3]
Joseph B. Coryell [14]
Gordon Coutts [24]
John Cheever Cowden [14]
Jennings S. Cox Life [4]
Ray F. Coyle [15]
George Creel [25]
John C. Cremony Founding [15]
Charles H. Crocker [14]
Charles Templeton Crocker [14]
William H. Crocker [14][26]
Joseph B. Crockett [4]
Harlan Crow [27][28]
Melvin Earl Cummings [14]
William Curlett [4]
Charles S. Cushing [12]
Sidney B. Cushing [4]
Andrew McFarland Davis Life [15][21]
Richmond P. Davis [14]
Willis E. Davis [4][29]
Paul W. de Fremery [30]
George Bowen De Long [4]
Eugene de Joly De Sabla, Jr. [14]
Paolo De Vecchi [4]
Walter E. Dean Life [4]
Henry C. Dibble [4]
Benjamin Dibblee [14]
Charles John Dickman [15]
Marshall Dill, Sr. [3]
Edwin R. Dimond [14]
Maynard Dixon [18]
George D. Dornin [4]
T. W. Morgan Draper [4]
William Henry Draper III Hillbillies [9]
Frank G. Drum [14]
William B. Dunning [14]
Guy C. Earl [14]
Robert M. Eberle [4]
Henry "Harry" Edwards Founding [4][13]
J. Paulding Edwards [14]
Zoeth S. Eldredge [4]
Felton B. Elkins [14]
Bobby Enriquez [31]
George H. Evans [4]
Richard Bunger Evans [32]
Wallace W. Everett, Sr. [14]
James J. Fagan [4]
Charles W. Fay [4]
Philip R. Faymonville [14]
Charles N. Felton [4]
Watson D. Fennimore [14]
Chester Bailey Fernald [4]
Reginald Goodwin Fernald [14]
Manuel Y. Ferrer [33]
Charles K. Field [4]
George Russell Field [14]
Walter G. Filer [14]
Bush Finnell [14]
Leonard Firestone Mandalay [3][23]
Robert N. Fitch [14]
Robert Howe Fletcher Honorary [34]
James L. Flood [14]
Ernest R. Folger [14]
Harry Stuart Fonda [4]
Lucius Harwood Foote Honorary Life [4]
Joseph C. Ford [4]
Tennessee Ernie Ford [9]
Tirey L. Ford [14]
Sands W. Forman Founding [4]
Arthur W. Foster [14]
J. Eugene Freeman [14]
Paul Frenzeny Founding [18]
Emanuel Fritz [3]
Jacob L. Fuller [4]
William Parmer Fuller, Jr. [14]
Porter Garnett [35]
Albert Geberding [12]
Larry Gelbart [19]
Arnold Genthe [4]
Henry George Founding [3]
David Gergen [36]
Louis Glass [14]
Mario Giannini [3]
Daniel Coit Gilman Honorary [34]
George E. Goodfellow [4]
Charles A. Gove [14]
P. George Gow [4]
Donald de V. Graham Honorary Life [4]
Joseph D. Grant [4]
Enrique Grau [4]
Clarence R. Greathouse [4]
Clay M. Greene Honorary Life [15]
Percy Grey [18]
Willard M. Griffin [4]
Joseph R. Grismer [4]
Archibald Clavering Gunter [4]
James F. Gurley [12]
Isidore Gutte [12][21]
Ray Hackett [37]
Henry Kimball Hadley [15]
William Hahn [38]
Reuben B. Hale [4]
George Eli Patrick Hall [39]
Andrew B. Hammond [4]
Theodore Michael Hampe [4]
Lewis E. Hanchett [4]
Arpad Haraszthy Founding [12][13]
William Greer Harrison [4]
Jerome A. Hart [4][21]
Bret Harte Honorary [9]
Fred L. Hartley [9]
J. Downey Harvey [4]
Charles D. Haven [4]
Alexander G. Hawes [4][21]
William Randolph Hearst [3]
Marcus H. Hecht [4]
Francis J. Heney [4]
Rudolph Herold, Jr. [4]
Lester Herrick [14]
William F. Herrin [4]
Henry Heyman [4]
Barton Hill [4]
Charles Barton Hill [4]
Horace L. Hill Life [4]
Thomas Hill Honorary [34]
Clark Hobart [40]
Ransom Gillet Holdredge [41]
Charles D. Hollister [42]
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. Honorary [3]
William Hood [4]
C. Osgood Hooker [4]
Herbert Hoover Cave Man [3][43]
Richard M. Hotaling [12]
Preston Hotchkis Lost Angels [3]
Jack R. Howard [9]
Josiah Rowland Howell [4]
Charles Franklin Humphrey [44]
LeRoy P. Hunt [12]
Henry Edwards Huntington [45]
Rothwell Hyde [4]
Bobby Ray Inman [46]
Henry Irving Honorary [34]
Joseph Irwin Founding [4]
Wallace Irwin [4]
William Henry Irwin [12]
Paul R. Isenberg [12]
George I. Ives Life [4]
Livingstone Jenks [4]
Rufus P. Jennings [4]
Tom Johnson [22]
Philip Mills Jones [35]
David Starr Jordan Honorary [34]
Christian Jorgensen [18]
Virgil W. Jorgenson [12]
Charles Josselyn [14][21]
Amedee Joullin [4]
Charles Chapel Judson [4]
Edgar F. Kaiser, Sr. [3]
David Kawānanakoa [4]
Charles Keeler [4]
William Keith Honorary [34]
Charles Kendrick [3]
Edgar Stillman Kelley Honorary [47]
Frank G. Kenny Founding [4]
Clark Kerr Wayside Log [3]
Henry Kissinger Mandalay [3]
Joe Knowland [48]
Joseph R. Knowland [49]
Victor H. Krulak Owl's Nest [50]
Lucien Labaudt [15]
James B. Lankershim [4]
Roger Lapham [3]
Barbour Lathrop [14]
Lorenzo Latimer [18]
William P. Lawlor [14]
Ernest O. Lawrence Sons of Toil [3]
Stephen Leach [4]
John Lehman [3]
George Lenczowski [51]
William M. Lent [4]
George Lette [4]
Jacob B. Levison [4]
Charles A. Lewis, Jr. [4]
Philip N. Lilienthal [4]
Frederick L. Lipman [4]
Sara Jane Lippincott Honorary [1][34]
Louis Lisser [4]
Reuben H. Lloyd Life [4]
Maurice Logan [12]
Jack London Honorary [3]
Louis Lundborg [9]
James K. Lynch [4]
M. Hall McAllister [14]
Atholl McBean [3]
James M. McDonald Life [4]
Mark L. McDonald Life [4]
Duncan McDuffie [14]
N. Loyall "Blackie" McLaren Stowaway [3]
Pietro Mascagni Honorary [34]
Arthur Frank Mathews [52]
Nino Marcelli [53]
Ulderico Marcelli [54]
Henry Marshall[disambiguation needed] Honorary Life [4]
Otis R. "Dock" Marston [55][56]
Xavier Martínez [18]
Bernard Maybeck [7]
Clarence W. W. Mayhew [57]
Stewart Menzies [12][21]
J. Henry Meyer [14]
Joaquin Miller Honorary [3]
Arthur W. Moore [3]
Henry S. Morgan [9]
William W. Morrow [21]
Carlton E. Morse [58]
Andrew J. Moulder [12][13]
Gabriel Moulin [24]
Thornwell Mullally [14]
Ovide Musin Honorary [34]
Benjamin F. Napthaly Founding [4]
Paul Neumann [4]
Thomas Newcomb Founding, Honorary [13][34]
John Francis Neylan Mandalay [3]
Frank Norris [18]
Daniel O'Connell Founding [18]
Sean O'Keefe Wayside Log [59]
Roland Oliver [3]
William Letts Oliver [35]
Samuel Osbourne [4][13][21]
David Packard [9]
Ignacy Jan Paderewski Honorary [20]
Haig Patigian [15]
William A. Patterson, Sr. [9]
Edwin W. Pauley [9]
Theodore F. Payne [4]
Warren R. Payne Life [4]
Edgar D. Peixotto [14]
Rudolph A. Peterson [9]
Timothy L. Pflueger [60]
James D. Phelan [61]
Herman Phleger [3]
Gottardo Piazzoni [18]
Irving Pichel [62]
Horace Garvin Platt [4][21]
Richard E. Queen [14]
William Wilson Quinn [63]
Michael Raffetto [58]
Ronald Reagan Owl's Nest [9]
Joseph D. Redding [21][64]
Granville Redman [18]
William Henry Rhodes [65]
Eddie Rickenbacker Cave Man [9]
William Ritschel [18]
Julian Rix [13][18]
Peter Robertson Honorary Life [4]
Robert C. Rogers Founding [4][13]
Albert F. Roller [12]
James Rolph, Jr. [14]
Theodore Roosevelt Honorary [34]
William M. Roth [3]
Wallace Arthur Sabin [35]
Tommaso Salvini Honorary [34]
J. H. Sayre Founding [4]
Herman George Scheffauer [24]
Caspar Schenck [4]
Frederick Seitz [9]
Glenn T. Seaborg Wayside Log [59]
William T. Sesnon [12]
Frederick Sherman [20]
J. Wilson Shiels [35]
Paul Shoup [66]
George P. Shultz Mandalay [3]
Robert Sibley [12]
John L. Simpson [3]
H. E. Smith [18]
William French Smith Mandalay [9]
Tony Snow [19]
Adolph B. Spreckels [14]
Claus Spreckels [14]
Robert Gordon Sproul Isle of Aves [3]
Kevin Starr Wayside Log [3][59]
Paul Steindorff [15]
George Sterling [9]
Wallace Sterling Cave Man [9]
Humphrey John Stewart Honorary Life [35]
Charles Warren Stoddard Honorary [9][13]
Michael P. W. Stone Hillbillies [9]
C. H. Stoutenborough Life [4]
Vanderlynn Stow Stowaway [35]
Benjamin R. Swan Life [4]
Jules Tavernier [18]
H. F. Teschemacher Life [4]
Newton J. Tharp [67]
John Charles Thomas [68]
Lowell Thomas, Jr. Cave Man [9]
Lowell Thomas, Sr. Cave Man [9]
Lawrence Tibbett [68]
Douglas Tilden [69]
Joseph Tilden [12][13][70]
F. L. Unger Honorary Life [4]
Frank van Sloun [18]
Harry Volk Lost Angels [3]
Uda Waldrop [15]
William T. Wallace Honorary [34]
William V. Wells [12]
F. Marion Wells [4]
Raphael Weill [4][21]
Caspar Weinberger Isle of Aves [9]
Carl Irving Wheat [71]
Benjamin Ide Wheeler Honorary [34]
Charles Stetson Wheeler [14]
Frederick Whymper Founding [15]
Ray Lyman Wilbur Cave Man [43]
Virgil Williams Founding [18][21]
J. C. Williamson Founding [4]
Russell J. Wilson Life [4][13]
William Winter Honorary Life [34]
Jean C. Witter [3]
Theodore Wores [18]
Herman Wouk [3]
Charles G. Yale Honorary Life [4][21]
Rodney A. Yoell [12]

References

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 Peter Martin Phillips, A Relative Advantage: Sociology of the San Francisco Bohemian Club, 1994.
  4. ↑ 4.000 4.001 4.002 4.003 4.004 4.005 4.006 4.007 4.008 4.009 4.010 4.011 4.012 4.013 4.014 4.015 4.016 4.017 4.018 4.019 4.020 4.021 4.022 4.023 4.024 4.025 4.026 4.027 4.028 4.029 4.030 4.031 4.032 4.033 4.034 4.035 4.036 4.037 4.038 4.039 4.040 4.041 4.042 4.043 4.044 4.045 4.046 4.047 4.048 4.049 4.050 4.051 4.052 4.053 4.054 4.055 4.056 4.057 4.058 4.059 4.060 4.061 4.062 4.063 4.064 4.065 4.066 4.067 4.068 4.069 4.070 4.071 4.072 4.073 4.074 4.075 4.076 4.077 4.078 4.079 4.080 4.081 4.082 4.083 4.084 4.085 4.086 4.087 4.088 4.089 4.090 4.091 4.092 4.093 4.094 4.095 4.096 4.097 4.098 4.099 4.100 4.101 4.102 4.103 4.104 4.105 4.106 4.107 4.108 4.109 4.110 4.111 4.112 4.113 4.114 4.115 4.116 4.117 4.118 4.119 4.120 4.121 4.122 4.123 4.124 4.125 4.126 Bohemian Club Constitution, 1904
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Oakland Magazine, March 2007. Matt Dibble, The Life and Times of the Oakland Song. Retrieved on July 14, 2009.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 Domhoff, G. William. Social Cohesion & the Bohemian Grove: The Power Elite at Summer Camp, April 2005. Retrieved on July 20, 2009.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ San Francisco Social Register, 1927.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 Bohemian Club, 1960
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26 14.27 14.28 14.29 14.30 14.31 14.32 14.33 14.34 14.35 14.36 14.37 14.38 14.39 14.40 14.41 14.42 14.43 14.44 14.45 14.46 14.47 14.48 14.49 14.50 14.51 14.52 14.53 14.54 Social register: San Francisco, including Oakland, 1918.
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 Bohemian Club, 1922
  16. ↑ Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Life, No. 17 of the 'Grove-Plays'. Retrieved on June 30, 2009.
  17. ↑ Music Library Association, Northern California Chapter. MLA NCC Newsletter, Vol. 16, no. 2 (Spring 2002). John L. Walker, Bringing the Masses to the Music: Ulderico Marcelli and the Silent Film in San Francisco. Retrieved on June 29, 2009.
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 St. Mary's College of California. Hearst Art Gallery. Early Artists of the Bohemian Club. Retrieved on March 29, 2014.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Music Library Association, Northern California Chapter. Newsletter, Fall 2003. Michelle Squyer, Beyond Measure: L.S. Sherman and Sherman, Clay & Company, A San Francisco House of Music, 1870-1926. Retrieved on July 23, 2009.
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 Bohemian Club Constitution, 1895
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Coutts caricature of Herman George Scheffauer, photograph by Gabriel Moulin, Bohemian Grove 1908. Online Archive of California.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 53.
  30. ↑ San Francisco Genealogy. Obits. "Da - Dg". Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Evans, Richard B.; Donald L. Winks; Adrian McNamara; Bohemian Club. Tyburn Fair, Bohemian Club, 1991.
  33. ↑ Syukhtun Editions. Theo Radic, Manuel Y. Ferrer. Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 34.12 34.13 34.14 San Francisco Genealogy. Bohemian Club Officers and Members, 1905. Retrieved on July 23, 2009.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 Garnett, 1908.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Gergen resigned his membership in 1993 when he joined the Clinton presidential team.
  37. ↑ Bohemian Club, 1973
  38. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 77.
  39. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 81.
  40. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 93.
  41. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 94.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Starr 1996, p. 293
  44. ↑ San Francisco Genealogy. Obits. "Hs - Hz". Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  45. ↑ Thorpe, James Ernest. Henry Edwards Huntington: a biography, University of California Press, 1994, p. 127. ISBN 0-520-08254-0
  46. ↑ Drew 1995, pp. 370–372
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Nachman, Gerald. The Columnist, May 10, 2006. "Timidity and dull writing helping kill newspapers". Retrieved on July 14, 2009.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Pinchard, 1922, pp. 222–233
  53. ↑ Bohemian Club. The Rout of the Philistines, A Forest Play (1922).
  54. ↑ Bohemian Club. Aloha Oe: a Legend of Hawaii (1958).
  55. ↑ Marston, Otis R., (2014). "From Powell To Power; A Recounting of the First One Hundred River Runners Through the Grand Canyon. Flagstaff, Arizona: Vishnu Temple Press, p. 531 ISBN 978-0990527022
  56. ↑ Gale, Phil, (2011). The Marstons in Berkeley Part 2: The Children. Exactly Opposite, The Newsletter of the Berkeley Historical Society, Vol 29, No 1 Spring 2011
  57. ↑ ArchitectDB – architect record id 368: Clarence W. W. Mayhew
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Starr, Kevin. Material Dreams: Southern California through the 1920s, Oxford University Press US, 1990, p. 276. ISBN 0-19-504487-8
  63. ↑ Weir, Bob. [1], Bohemian Grove Secrets and Stories Told by Bob Weir
  64. ↑ Social register: San Francisco, 1920.
  65. ↑ Rhodes, William Henry; edited by Daniel O'Connell. Caxton's Book: A Collection of Essays, Poems, Tales and Sketches, A. L. Bancroft, 1876
  66. ↑ Shoup Papers archived at Stanford Library Retrieved on March 26, 2014.
  67. ↑ San Francisco Genealogy. Obits. "Tg - Tl". Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Maher, Michael J. John Charles Thomas: beloved baritone of American opera and popular music, McFarland, 2006, pp. 17, 120–125, 136, 160. ISBN 0-7864-2668-3
  69. ↑ California School for the Deaf. History: Douglas Tilden. Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  70. ↑ Lekisch 2003, p. 215.
  71. ↑ SF Weekly, July 29, 1998. Silke Tudor, "Night Crawler". Retrieved on July 22, 2009.
Bibliography
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