List of Dáil by-elections
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This is a list of by-elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. By-elections in Ireland occur to fill vacant seats which can be caused by the death, resignation, disqualification or expulsion of a sitting Teachta Dála (member of parliament). Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, the writ for the by-election must be issued within six months of the vacancy.[1]
There have been 138 by-elections since 1923, to fill 140 vacancies. 93 of these were caused by the death of a sitting Teachta Dála (TD). There were no by-elections during the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th, 22nd, 25th and 26th Dála. The longest period without a by-election was almost 10 years between 1984 and 1994. The largest number of by-elections on one day was on 11 March 1925, when seven constituencies filled nine vacancies caused by the National Party's split from Cumann na nGaedheal. Those seven by-elections included two which filled two vacancies, via the single transferable vote. All the other by-elections have used its single-winner analogue, the alternative vote.
Twenty-five TDs who were elected at a by-election were not subsequently re-elected at a general election. The only person twice elected at by-elections was Thomas Hennessy.
Contents
First and Second Dáil
The First Dáil was established by Sinn Féin members returned in the 1918 election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Convention in the Commons was that the writ for a by-election be moved by a party colleague of the vacating member, which was impossible for the abstentionist Sinn Féin. There were three by-elections held for Westminster constituencies vacated by Unionist members during the lifetime of the First Dáil, all of whom took their seats in Westminster.
Winner | Party | Constituency | Date | Outgoing | Party | Reason for vacancy | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hugh T. Barrie | U | North Londonderry | 4 March 1919 | Hugh Anderson | U | Resignation | This was the only by-election contested by Sinn Féin, Patrick McGilligan losing.[2] | ||
George Hanna | Ind U | East Antrim | 27 May 1919 | Robert McCalmont | U | Appointed commander of the Irish Guards | |||
William Jellett | U | Dublin University | 28 July 1919 | Arthur Samuels | U | Appointed to the High Court of Justice in Ireland |
The Second Dáil comprised those returned in the 1921 elections to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. There were no by-elections to either body during the lifetime of the Second Dáil.
By-elections since 1923
By-elections in which seats changed parties are indicated with a grey background.
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Vacancies not filled
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This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
When Pierce McCan died on 6 March 1919, his East Tipperary seat was left vacant at Westminster. In April 1919 a Dáil committee considering how to fill the vacancy considered allowing nomination by the Labour Party (which had stood aside in the 1918 election to avoid splitting the nationalist vote)[6] before recommending that the Sinn Féin constituency organisation should nominate.[7] However, in June 1919 the Dáil decided that "it was due to the memory of the late Pierce McCann that his place should not be filled at present".[8] Later vacancies were also left unfilled; when Diarmuid Lynch resigned his seat in 1920, Arthur Griffith said "as the letter of resignation was addressed to the people of South-East Cork, the next step in the matter lay with the South-East Cork Executive of Sinn Fein".[9] Asked in the Civil War about filling Third Dáil vacancies, W. T. Cosgrave as Chairman of the Provisional Government stated "the condition of the country scarcely warrants the holding of elections".[10]
In the first Dáil, four Sinn Féin TDs represented two constituencies: Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith, Eoin MacNeill and Liam Mellowes. Ordinarily, this would prompt them to choose one constituency to represent, and to move a writ for a by-election in the other constituency.
Dáil | Constituency | Outgoing TD | Party | Reason for vacancy | Date of vacancy | Date of dissolution | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Tipperary East | Pierce McCan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Death in prison | 6 March 1919 | 10 May 1921 |
1st | Cork South East | Diarmuid Lynch | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Resignation | 6 August 1920 | 10 May 1921 |
1st | Cork Mid | Terence MacSwiney | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Death on hunger strike | 25 October 1920 | 10 May 1921 |
1st | Wexford North | Roger Sweetman | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Resignation[11] | 27 January 1921 | 10 May 1921 |
2nd | Waterford–Tipperary East | Frank Drohan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Resignation | 5 January 1922 | 16 June 1922 |
2nd | Dublin County | Frank Lawless | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Death | 16 April 1922 | 16 June 1922 |
2nd | Longford–Westmeath | Joseph McGuinness | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | | Sinn Féin | Death | 31 May 1922 | 16 June 1922 |
3rd | Waterford–Tipperary East | Cathal Brugha | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 7 July 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Mayo South–Roscommon South | Harry Boland | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 1 August 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Cavan | Arthur Griffith | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Death | 12 August 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West | Michael Collins | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 22 August 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Sligo–Mayo East | James Devins | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 20 September 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Mayo South–Roscommon | Daniel O'Rourke | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Resignation | 29 November 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West | Sean Hales | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 7 December 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Clare | Patrick Brennan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Resignation | 13 December 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Clare | Seán Liddy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Resignation[12] | 18 December 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Tipperary Mid, North and South | Joseph MacDonagh | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Death on hunger strike | 25 December 1922 | 9 August 1923 |
3rd | Sligo–Mayo East | Francis Ferran | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | | Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Death in prison | 10 June 1923 | 9 August 1923 |
4th | Limerick | James Ledden | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[13] | 19 January 1927 | 23 May 1927 |
6th | Carlow–Kilkenny | Peter de Loughry | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[14] | 23 October 1931 | 16 February 1932 |
6th | Leix–Offaly | William Aird | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[14] | 31 October 1931 | 29 January 1932 |
7th | Cork East | John Daly | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[15] | 23 February 1932 | 2 January 1933 |
7th | Donegal | Frank Carney | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[16] | 19 October 1932 | 2 January 1933 |
7th | Dublin County | Thomas Finlay | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[17] | 22 November 1932 | 2 January 1933 |
8th | Cork West | James Burke | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[18] | 10 September 1936 | 14 June 1937 |
8th | National University | Conor Maguire | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Appointment as High Court judge[19] | 3 November 1936 | 14 June 1937 |
9th | Cork West | Eamon Rice | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[20] | 7 November 1937 | 27 May 1938 |
10th | Kilkenny | Denis Gorey | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[21] | 20 February 1940 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Wicklow | Séamus Moore | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[22] | 14 June 1940 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Cork South-East | Brook Brasier | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[23] | 31 August 1940 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Mayo North | John Munnelly | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[24] | 18 October 1941 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Cork Borough | Thomas Dowdall | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[25] | 7 April 1942 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Dublin City South | Thomas Kelly | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[26] | 20 April 1942 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Sligo | Frank Carty | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[27] | 10 September 1942 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Cork Borough | Hugo Flinn | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[28] | 28 January 1943 | 26 June 1943 |
10th | Cork South-East | Jeremiah Hurley | style="width: 5px; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (Ireland)" | | Labour Party | Death[28] | 2 February 1943 | 26 June 1943 |
11th | Tipperary | Martin Ryan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[29] | 22 July 1943 | 30 May 1944 |
12th | Carlow–Kildare | James Hughes | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[30] | 1 January 1948 | 12 January 1948 |
12th | Sligo | Martin Roddy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[30] | 8 January 1948 | 12 January 1948 |
13th | Galway West | Joseph Mongan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death | 12 March 1951 | 7 May 1951 |
13th | Wexford | John Esmonde | style="width: 5px; background-color: #DDDDDD;" data-sort-value="Independent politician (Ireland)" | | [[Independent politician (Ireland)|Template:Independent politician (Ireland)/meta/shortname]] | Resignation[31] | 1 May 1951 | 7 May 1951 |
15th | Carlow–Kilkenny | Thomas Derrig | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[32] | 19 November 1956 | 12 February 1957 |
16th | Wexford | Denis Allen | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[33] | 29 March 1961 | 15 September 1961 |
16th | Carlow–Kilkenny | Francis Humphreys | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[34] | 19 April 1961 | 15 September 1961 |
17th | Longford–Westmeath | Michael Kennedy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[35] | 14 February 1965 | 18 March 1965 |
18th | Wexford | James Kennedy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[36] | 13 September 1968 | 22 May 1969 |
18th | Tipperary South | Don Davern | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[37] | 2 November 1968 | 22 May 1969 |
18th | Clare | Patrick Hogan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (Ireland)" | | Labour Party | Death[38] | 24 January 1969 | 22 May 1969 |
19th | Tipperary South | Patrick Hogan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Death[39] | 5 October 1972 | 5 February 1973 |
19th | Clare | Patrick Hillery | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner | 6 January 1973 | 5 February 1973 |
20th | Dublin County South | Richard Burke | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[40] | 25 January 1977 | 25 May 1977 |
20th | Dublin South-West | Declan Costello | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Resignation on nomination as High Court judge[41] | 19 May 1977 | 25 May 1977 |
21st | Tipperary North | Michael O'Kennedy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[42] | 27 January 1981 | 21 May 1981 |
22nd | Cavan–Monaghan | Kieran Doherty | style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Anti H-Block" | | Anti H-Block | Death on hunger strike[43] | 2 August 1981[44][45] | 27 January 1982 |
23rd | Galway West | Bill Loughnane | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[46] | 18 October 1982 | 4 November 1982 |
24th | Donegal South-West | Cathal Coughlan | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Death[47] | 21 June 1986 | 21 January 1987 |
25th | Sligo–Leitrim | Ray MacSharry | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner[48] | 25 January 1989 | 25 May 1989 |
25th | Dublin South-Central | Frank Cluskey | style="width: 5px; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (Ireland)" | | Labour Party | Death[49] | 7 May 1989 | 25 May 1989 |
30th | Dublin South | George Lee | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Resignation[50] | 8 February 2010 | 1 February 2011 |
30th | Waterford | Martin Cullen | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation[51] | 24 March 2010 | 1 February 2011 |
30th | Donegal North-East | Jim McDaid | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation[52] | 2 November 2010 | 1 February 2011 |
30th | Dublin South-Central | Seán Ardagh | style="width: 5px; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | | Fianna Fáil | Resignation[53] | 28 January 2011 | 1 February 2011 |
31st | Galway West | Brian Walsh | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Resignation[54] | 14 January 2016 | 3 February 2016 |
32nd | Cork North-Central | Dara Murphy | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | Resignation[55] | 3 December 2019 | 14 January 2020 |
TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil
Outgoing TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil but before the following election did not create a vacancy, as there was no Dáil in being at the time of their death.
Dáil | Constituency | Outgoing TD | Party | Date of dissolution | Date of death | Date of general election | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6th | Leitrim–Sligo | Patrick Reynolds[56] | style="width: 5px; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | | Cumann na nGaedheal | 29 January 1932 | 14 February 1932 | 16 February 1932 |
12th | Kilkenny | Eamonn Coogan[30] | style="width: 5px; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | | Fine Gael | 12 January 1948 | 22 January 1948 | 4 February 1948 |
See also
References
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Notes
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