List of Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate

The president pro tempore (/ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəriː/ or /ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəreɪ/),^[1] also president pro tem, is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. According to the United States Constitution, the Vice President of the United States is the President of the Senate, despite not being a senator, and the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in his absence. Since 1890, the most senior senator in the majority party has generally been chosen to be president pro tempore; this tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949.^[2]

Congress	President pro tempore	Party	State	Years
1st Congress	John Langdon	Pro- Administration	New Hampshire	April 6, 1789 – April 21, 1789
1st Congress	John Langdon	Pro- Administration	New Hampshire	August 7, 1789 – August 9, 1789
2nd Congress	Richard Henry Lee	Anti- Administration	Virginia	April 18, 1792 – October 8, 1792
2nd Congress	John Langdon	Pro- Administration	New Hampshire	November 5, 1792 – December 4, 1792
3rd Congress	John Langdon	Pro- Administration	New Hampshire	March 4, 1793 – December 2, 1793
	Ralph Izard	Pro- Administration	South Carolina	May 31, 1794 – November 9, 1794
	Henry Tazewell	Anti- Administration	Virginia	February 20, 1795 – March 3, 1795
4th Congress	Henry Tazewell	Democratic- Republican	Virginia	March 4, 1795 – June 7, 1795
	Samuel Livermore	Federalist	New Hampshire	May 6, 1796 – December 4, 1796
	William Bingham	Federalist	Pennsylvania	February 16, 1797 – March 3, 1797
5th Congress	William Bradford	Federalist	Rhode Island	July 6, 1797 – October 1797
	Jacob Read	Federalist	South Carolina	November 22, 1797 – December 12, 1797
	Theodore Sedgwick	Federalist	Massachusetts	June 27, 1798 – December 5, 1798
	John Laurance	Federalist	New York	December 6, 1798 – December 27, 1798
	James Ross	Federalist	Pennsylvania	March 1, 1799 – December 1, 1799
6th Congress	Samuel Livermore	Federalist	New Hampshire	December 2, 1799 – December 29, 1799
	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	Connecticut	May 14, 1800 – November 16, 1800
	John E. Howard	Federalist	Maryland	November 21, 1800 – November 27, 1800
	James Hillhouse	Federalist	Connecticut	February 28, 1801 – March 3, 1801
7th Congress	Abraham Baldwin	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	December 7, 1801 – January 14, 1802
	Abraham Baldwin	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	April 17, 1802 – December 13, 1802
	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	Vermont	December 14, 1802 – January 18, 1803
				February 25, 1803
				March 2, 1803 – October 16, 1803
8th Congress	John Brown	Democratic- Republican	Kentucky	October 17, 1803 – December 6, 1803
	John Brown	Democratic- Republican	Kentucky	January 23, 1804 – February 26, 1804
	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	North Carolina	March 10, 1804 – November 4, 1804
	Joseph Anderson	Democratic- Republican	Tennessee	January 15, 1805 – February 3, 1805
				February 28, 1805
				March 2, 1805 – March 4, 1805
9th Congress	Samuel Smith	Democratic- Republican	Maryland	December 2, 1805 – December 15, 1805
				March 18, 1806 – November 30, 1806
				March 2, 1807 – October 25, 1807
10th Congress				April 16, 1808 – November 6, 1808
	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	Vermont	December 28, 1808 – January 8, 1809
	John Milledge	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	January 30, 1809 – March 3, 1809
11th Congress	John Milledge	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	March 4, 1809 – May 21, 1809
	Andrew Gregg	Democratic- Republican	Pennsylvania	June 26, 1809 – December 18, 1809
	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	South Carolina	February 28, 1810 – March 2, 1810
	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	South Carolina	April 17, 1810 – December 11, 1810
	John Pope	Democratic- Republican	Kentucky	February 23, 1811 – November 3, 1811
12th Congress	William H. Crawford	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	March 24, 1812 – March 3, 1813
13th Congress	William H. Crawford	Democratic- Republican	Georgia	March 4, 1813 – March 23, 1813
	Joseph B. Varnum	Democratic- Republican	Massachusetts	December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814
	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	South Carolina	November 25, 1814 – December 3, 1815
14th Congress				December 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817
15th Congress				March 4, 1817
				March 6, 1817 – February 18, 1818
				March 31, 1818 – January 5, 1819
	James Barbour	Democratic- Republican	Virginia	February 15, 1819 – December 5, 1819
16th Congress	James Barbour	Democratic- Republican	Virginia	December 6, 1819 – December 26, 1819
16th Congress	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	South Carolina	January 25, 1820 – December 2, 1821
17th Congress				December 3, 1821 – December 27, 1821
				February 1, 1822 – December 2, 1822
				February 19, 1823 – November 30, 1823
18th Congress				December 1, 1823 – January 20, 1824
18th Congress				May 21, 1824 – March 3, 1825
19th Congress				March 9, 1825 – December 4, 1825
	Nathaniel Macon	Democratic- Republican	North Carolina	May 20, 1826 – December 3, 1826
				January 2, 1827 – February 13, 1827
				March 2, 1827 – December 2, 1827
20th Congress	Samuel Smith	Jacksonian	Maryland	May 15, 1828 – December 18, 1828
21st Congress		Jacksonian	Maryland	March 13, 1829 – December 10, 1829
				May 20, 1830 – December 31, 1830
				March 1, 1831 – December 4, 1831
22nd Congress				December 5, 1831 – December 11, 1831
	Littleton Tazewell	Jacksonian	Virginia	July 9, 1832 – July 16, 1832
	Hugh Lawson White	Jacksonian	Tennessee	December 3, 1832 – December 1, 1833
23rd Congress	Hugh Lawson White	Jacksonian	Tennessee	December 2, 1833 – December 15, 1833
	George Poindexter	Anti-Jacksonian	Mississippi	June 28, 1834 – November 30, 1834
	John Tyler	Anti-Jacksonian	Virginia	March 3, 1835 – December 6, 1835
24th Congress	John Tyler	Anti-Jacksonian	Virginia	March 3, 1835 – December 6, 1835
	William R. King	Jacksonian	Alabama	July 1, 1836 – December 4, 1836
				January 28, 1837 – March 3, 1837
25th Congress				March 7, 1837 – September 3, 1837
				October 13, 1837 – December 3, 1837
				July 2, 1838 – December 18, 1838
				February 25, 1839 – December 1, 1839
26th Congress				December 2, 1839 – December 26, 1839
				July 3, 1840 – December 15, 1840
				March 3, 1841
27th Congress				March 4, 1841
	Samuel Southard	Whig	New Jersey	March 11, 1841 – May 31, 1842
	Willie P. Mangum	Whig	North Carolina	May 31, 1842 – December 3, 1843
28th Congress				December 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845
29th Congress				March 4, 1845
	Ambrose H. Sevier	Democratic	Arkansas	December 27, 1845
	David R. Atchison	Democratic	Missouri	August 8, 1846 – December 6, 1846
				January 11, 1847 – January 13, 1847
				March 3, 1847 – December 5, 1847
30th Congress				February 2, 1848 – February 8, 1848
				June 1, 1848 – June 14, 1848
				June 26, 1848 – June 29, 1848
				July 29, 1848 – December 4, 1848
				December 26, 1848 – January 1, 1849
				March 2, 1849 – March 4, 1849
31st Congress				March 5, 1849
				March 16, 1849 – December 2, 1849
	William R. King	Democratic	Alabama	May 6, 1850 – May 19, 1850
				July 11, 1850 – March 3, 1851
32nd Congress				March 4, 1851 – December 20, 1852
32nd Congress	David R. Atchison	Democratic	Missouri	December 20, 1852 – March 3, 1853
33rd Congress	David R. Atchison	Democratic	Missouri	March 4, 1853 – December 4, 1854
	Lewis Cass	Democratic	Michigan	December 4, 1854
	Jesse D. Bright	Democratic	Indiana	December 5, 1854 – June 9, 1856
34th Congress	Jesse D. Bright	Democratic	Indiana	December 5, 1854 – June 9, 1856
	Charles E. Stuart	Democratic	Michigan	June 9, 1856 – June 10, 1856
	Jesse D. Bright	Democratic	Indiana	June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857
	James M. Mason	Democratic	Virginia	January 6, 1857 – March 3, 1857
35th Congress	James M. Mason	Democratic	Virginia	March 4, 1857
	Thomas J. Rusk	Democratic	Texas	March 14, 1857 – July 29, 1857
	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	Democratic	Alabama	December 7, 1857 – December 20, 1857
				March 29, 1858 – May 2, 1858
				June 14, 1858 – December 5, 1858
				January 19, 1859
				January 25, 1859 – February 9, 1859
36th Congress				March 9, 1859 – December 4, 1859
				December 19, 1859 – January 15, 1860
				February 20, 1860 – February 26, 1860
	Jesse D. Bright	Democratic	Indiana	June 12, 1860 – June 13, 1860
	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	Democratic	Alabama	June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860
	Solomon Foot	Republican	Vermont	February 16, 1861 – February 17, 1861
37th Congress				March 23, 1861 – July 3, 1861
				July 18, 1861 – December 1, 1861
				January 15, 1862
				March 31, 1862 – May 21, 1862
				June 19, 1862 – December 12, 1862
				February 18, 1863 – March 3, 1863
38th Congress				March 4, 1863 – December 6, 1863
				December 18, 1863 – December 20, 1863
				February 23, 1864
				March 11, 1864 – March 13, 1864
				April 11, 1864 – April 13, 1864
	Daniel Clark	Republican	New Hampshire	April 26, 1864 – January 4, 1865
	Daniel Clark	Republican	New Hampshire	February 9, 1865 – February 19, 1865
39th Congress	Lafayette S. Foster	Republican	Connecticut	March 7, 1865 – March 2, 1867
39th Congress	Benjamin F. Wade	Republican	Ohio	March 2, 1867 – March 3, 1867
40th Congress	Benjamin F. Wade	Republican	Ohio	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869
41st Congress	Henry B. Anthony	Republican	Rhode Island	March 23, 1869 – March 28, 1869
				April 9, 1869 – December 5, 1869
				May 28, 1870 – June 2, 1870
				July 1, 1870 – July 5, 1870
				July 14, 1870 – December 4, 1870
42nd Congress				March 10, 1871 – March 12, 1871
				April 17, 1871 – May 9, 1871
				May 23, 1871 – December 3, 1871
				December 21, 1871 – January 7, 1872
				February 23, 1872 – February 25, 1872
				June 8, 1872 – December 1, 1872
				December 4, 1872 – December 8, 1872
				December 13, 1872 – December 15, 1872
				December 20, 1872 – January 5, 1873
				January 24, 1873
43rd Congress	Matthew H. Carpenter	Republican	Wisconsin	March 12, 1873 – March 13, 1873
				March 26, 1873 – November 30, 1873
				December 11, 1873 – December 6, 1874
				December 23, 1874 – January 4, 1875
	Henry B. Anthony	Republican	Rhode Island	January 25, 1875 – January 31, 1875
	Henry B. Anthony	Republican	Rhode Island	February 15, 1875 – February 17, 1875
44th Congress	Thomas W. Ferry	Republican	Michigan	March 9, 1875 – March 10, 1875
44th Congress				March 19, 1875 – March 4, 1877
45th Congress				March 5, 1877
				February 26, 1878 – March 3, 1878
				April 17, 1878 – June 20, 1878
				December 2, 1878 – March 3, 1879
46th Congress	Allen G. Thurman	Democratic	Ohio	April 15, 1879 – November 30, 1879
				April 7, 1880 – April 14, 1880
				May 6, 1880 – December 5, 1880
47th Congress	Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.	Democratic	Delaware	October 10, 1881 – October 13, 1881
	David Davis	Independent	Illinois	October 13, 1881 – March 3, 1883
	George F. Edmunds	Republican	Vermont	March 3, 1883 – December 2, 1883
48th Congress	George F. Edmunds	Republican	Vermont	December 3, 1883 – March 3, 1885
49th Congress	John Sherman	Republican	Ohio	December 7, 1885 – February 26, 1887
49th Congress	John James Ingalls	Republican	Kansas	February 26, 1887 – December 4, 1887
50th Congress				December 5, 1887 – March 3, 1889
51st Congress				March 17, 1889
				April 2, 1889 – December 1, 1889
				December 5, 1889 – December 10, 1889
				February 28, 1890 – March 18, 1890
Since 1890, the president pro tempore has held office continuously until the election of another president pro tempore.^[3]
51st Congress	John James Ingalls	Republican	Kansas	April 3, 1890 – March 2, 1891
52nd Congress	Charles F. Manderson	Republican	Nebraska	March 2, 1891 – March 22, 1893
53rd Congress	Isham G. Harris	Democratic	Tennessee	March 22, 1893 – January 7, 1895
	Matt W. Ransom	Democratic	North Carolina	January 7, 1895 – January 10, 1895
	Isham G. Harris	Democratic	Tennessee	January 10, 1895 – March 4, 1895
54th Congress	William P. Frye	Republican	Maine	February 7, 1896 – April 27, 1911
55th Congress
56th Congress
57th Congress
58th Congress
59th Congress
60th Congress
61st Congress
62nd Congress
	William P. Frye resigned due to ill health on April 27, 1911. For the remainder of the 62nd Congress, the office rotated among five Senators. The Senate at that time was split between progressive Republicans, conservative Republicans, and Democrats. Each put forth a candidate, and the ballots were deadlocked until August when a compromise was reached. Democrat Augustus Bacon served as pro tempore for one day on August 14, 1911, and thereafter he and four Republicans rotated holding the seat for the remainder of the 62nd Congress.
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	August 14, 1911
	Charles Curtis	Republican	Kansas	December 4, 1911 – December 12, 1911
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	January 15, 1912 – January 17, 1912
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	February 12, 1912 – February 14, 1912
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	March 11, 1912 – March 12, 1912
	Frank B. Brandegee	Republican	Connecticut	March 25, 1912 – March 26, 1912
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	April 8, 1912, and April 26, 1912 – April 27, 1912, and May 7, 1912, and May 10, 1912
	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	Massachusetts	May 25, 1912
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	May 30, 1912 – June 3, 1912, and June 13, 1912 – July 5, 1912
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	July 6, 1912 – July 31, 1912
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	August 1, 1912 – August 10, 1912
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	August 12, 1912 – August 26, 1912
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	August 27, 1912 – December 15, 1912
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	December 16, 1912, and January 4, 1913
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	January 5, 1913 – January 18, 1913
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	January 19, 1913 – February 1, 1913
	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	Georgia	February 2, 1913 – February 15, 1913
	Jacob H. Gallinger	Republican	New Hampshire	February 16, 1913 – March 3, 1913
63rd Congress 64th Congress	James Paul Clarke	Democratic	Arkansas	March 13, 1913 – October 1, 1916
64th Congress 65th Congress	Willard Saulsbury, Jr.	Democratic	Delaware	December 14, 1916 – March 3, 1919
66th Congress 67th Congress 68th Congress	Albert B. Cummins	Republican	Iowa	May 19, 1919 – March 6, 1925
69th Congress 70th Congress 71st Congress 72nd Congress	George H. Moses	Republican	New Hampshire	March 6, 1925 – March 3, 1933
73rd Congress 74th Congress 75th Congress 76th Congress	Key Pittman	Democratic	Nevada	March 9, 1933 – November 10, 1940
76th Congress	William H. King	Democratic	Utah	November 19, 1940 – January 3, 1941
77th Congress	Pat Harrison	Democratic	Mississippi	January 6 – June 22, 1941
77th Congress 78th Congress	Carter Glass	Democratic	Virginia	July 10, 1941 – January 6, 1945
79th Congress	Kenneth McKellar	Democratic	Tennessee	January 6, 1945 – January 4, 1947
80th Congress	Arthur H. Vandenberg	Republican	Michigan	January 4, 1947 – January 3, 1949
81st Congress 82nd Congress	Kenneth McKellar	Democratic	Tennessee	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953
83rd Congress	Styles Bridges	Republican	New Hampshire	January 3, 1953 – January 5, 1955
84th Congress	Walter F. George	Democratic	Georgia	January 5, 1955 – January 3, 1957
85th Congress 86th Congress 87th Congress 88th Congress 89th Congress 90th Congress	Carl Hayden	Democratic	Arizona	January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1969
91st Congress	Richard Russell, Jr.	Democratic	Georgia	January 3, 1969 – January 21, 1971
92nd Congress	Allen J. Ellender	Democratic	Louisiana	January 22, 1971 – July 27, 1972
92nd Congress 93rd Congress 94th Congress 95th Congress	James Eastland	Democratic	Mississippi	July 28, 1972 – December 27, 1978
96th Congress	Warren Magnuson	Democratic	Washington	January 15, 1979 – December 3, 1980
	Milton Young	Republican	North Dakota	December 5, 1980
	Warren Magnuson	Democratic	Washington	December 5, 1980 – January 3, 1981
97th Congress 98th Congress 99th Congress	Strom Thurmond	Republican	South Carolina	January 5, 1981 – January 6, 1987
100th Congress	John C. Stennis	Democratic	Mississippi	January 6, 1987 – January 3, 1989
101st Congress 102nd Congress 103rd Congress	Robert Byrd	Democratic	West Virginia	January 3, 1989 – January 4, 1995
104th Congress 105th Congress 106th Congress	Strom Thurmond	Republican	South Carolina	January 4, 1995 – January 3, 2001
107th Congress	Robert Byrd	Democratic	West Virginia	January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001
	Strom Thurmond	Republican	South Carolina	January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001
	Robert Byrd	Democratic	West Virginia	June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
108th Congress 109th Congress	Ted Stevens	Republican	Alaska	January 3, 2003 – January 4, 2007
110th Congress 111th Congress	Robert Byrd	Democratic	West Virginia	January 4, 2007 – June 28, 2010
111th Congress 112th Congress	Daniel Inouye	Democratic	Hawaii	June 28, 2010 – December 17, 2012
112th Congress 113th Congress	Patrick Leahy	Democratic	Vermont	December 17, 2012 – January 6, 2015
114th Congress	Orrin Hatch	Republican	Utah	January 6, 2015 – Present

List of Presidents pro tempore per state

No President pro tempore has served from: California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, or Wyoming.

Number	State	Presidents pro tem
7	Virginia	Richard Henry Lee Henry Tazewell James Barbour Littleton Tazewell John Tyler James M. Mason Carter Glass
6	Georgia	Abraham Baldwin John Milledge William H. Crawford Augustus O. Bacon Walter F. George Richard Russell, Jr.
6	New Hampshire	John Langdon Samuel Livermore Daniel Clark Jacob H. Gallinger George H. Moses Styles Bridges
4	Connecticut	Uriah Tracy James Hillhouse Lafayette S. Foster Frank B. Brandegee
	Michigan	Lewis Cass Charles E. Stuart Thomas W. Ferry Arthur H. Vandenberg
	Mississippi	George Poindexter Pat Harrison James Eastland John C. Stennis
	North Carolina	Jesse Franklin Nathaniel Macon Willie Person Mangum Matt Whitaker Ransom
	South Carolina	Ralph Izard Jacob Read John Gaillard Strom Thurmond
	Tennessee	Joseph Anderson Hugh Lawson White Isham G. Harris Kenneth McKellar
	Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley George F. Edmunds Solomon Foot Patrick Leahy
3	Massachusetts	Theodore Sedgwick Joseph B. Varnum Henry Cabot Lodge
	Ohio	Benjamin Wade Allen G. Thurman John Sherman
	Pennsylvania	William Bingham James Ross Andrew Gregg
2	Alabama	William R. King Benjamin Fitzpatrick
	Arkansas	Ambrose H. Sevier James Paul Clarke
	Delaware	Thomas F. Bayard Willard Saulsbury, Jr.
	Kansas	John James Ingalls Charles Curtis
	Kentucky	John Brown John Pope
	Maryland	John E. Howard Samuel Smith
	Rhode Island	William Bradford Henry B. Anthony
	Utah	William H. King Orrin Hatch
1	Alaska	Ted Stevens
	Arizona	Carl Hayden
	Hawaii	Daniel Inouye
	Illinois	David Davis
	Indiana	Jesse D. Bright
	Iowa	Albert B. Cummins
	Louisiana	Allen J. Ellender
	Maine	William P. Frye
	Missouri	David Rice Atchison
	Nebraska	Charles F. Manderson
	Nevada	Key Pittman
	New Jersey	Samuel Southard
	New York	John Laurance
	North Dakota	Milton Young
	Texas	Thomas Jefferson Rusk
	Washington	Warren Magnuson
	West Virginia	Robert Byrd
	Wisconsin	Matthew H. Carpenter

List of Presidents pro tempore emeritus

Congress	President pro tempore emeritus	Party	State	Years
107th Congress	J. Strom Thurmond	Republican	South Carolina	June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
108th Congress 109th Congress	Robert C. Byrd	Democratic	West Virginia	January 4, 2003 – January 3, 2007
110th Congress	Theodore F. Stevens	Republican	Alaska	January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2009
114th Congress	Patrick Leahy	Democratic	Vermont	January 6, 2015 – Present

References

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List of Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate

List of Presidents pro tempore per state

List of Presidents pro tempore emeritus

References

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