List of prime ministers of Australia

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File:The Lodge Canberra renovated.jpg
The Lodge, the official residence of the prime minister

The prime minister of Australia is the leader of the Government of Australia and the Cabinet of Australia, with the support of the majority of the House of Representatives.[1][2] Thirty-one people have served in the position since the office was created in 1901.[3] The role of prime minister is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia,[4] but the prime minister is still appointed by the governor-general who under Section 64 of the constitution has the executive power to appoint ministers of state. The governor-general is appointed by the monarch of Australia based on the advice of the incumbent prime minister.[2] Governors-general do not have fixed terms, but usually serve for five years.[5]

Federal elections must be held every three years, although prime ministers may call elections early.[6] Prime ministers do not have fixed terms, and generally serve the full length of their term unless they lose the majority of the House or are replaced as the leader of their party. Three former prime ministers lost a majority in the House (Alfred Deakin on two occasions, George Reid and Andrew Fisher), six resigned following leadership spills (John Gorton, Bob Hawke, Kevin Rudd, Julia Gillard, Tony Abbott and Malcolm Turnbull) and three died in office (Joseph Lyons, John Curtin and Harold Holt, who disappeared and is presumed to have died).[7] Two prime ministers also lost their role in a double dissolution election, a snap election where the entire Senate stands for re-election rather than the typical half to resolve deadlocks between the two houses. These were Joseph Cook in 1914 and Malcolm Fraser in 1983. One prime minister, Gough Whitlam, was controversially dismissed by the Governor-General during a constitutional crisis.[8]

Since the office was established in 1901, thirty men and one woman have been prime minister. Robert Menzies and Kevin Rudd served two non-consecutive terms in office whilst Alfred Deakin and Andrew Fisher served three non-consecutive terms. The 31st and current prime minister is Anthony Albanese, since 23 May 2022.[9] There are currently seven living former prime ministers. The most recent former prime minister to die was Hawke, on 16 May 2019.[10]

The prime ministership of Frank Forde, who was prime minister for seven days in 1945, was the shortest in Australian history.[11] Menzies served the longest, with eighteen years over two non-consecutive periods.[12]

List of prime ministers

The parties shown are those to which the prime ministers belonged at the time they held office, and the electoral divisions shown are those they represented while in office. Several prime ministers belonged to parties other than those given and represented other electorates before and after their time in office.

Political parties

      Australian Labor Party       Liberal Party of Australia       Australian Country Party       Nationalist Party       United Australia Party       Fusion Liberal Party       National Labor Party       Free Trade Party       Protectionist Party

      Background indicates caretaker prime minister

<templatestyles src="Screen reader-only/styles.css" />List of prime ministers of Australia
No. Portrait Name
(birth–death)
Constituency		 Election
(Parliament)		 Term of office Political
party		 Ministry Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 90px Edmund Barton
(1849–1920)
MP for Hunter, NSW		 1901 (1st) 1 January
1901		 24 September
1903		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Protectionist Barton [13]
2 90px Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic[lower-alpha 1]		 — (1st) 24 September
1903		 27 April
1904		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Protectionist 1st Deakin [14]
1903 (2nd)
3 90px Chris Watson
(1867–1941)
MP for Bland, NSW		 — (2nd) 27 April
1904		 18 August
1904		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor Watson [15]
4 90px George Reid
(1845–1918)
MP for East Sydney, NSW		 — (2nd) 18 August
1904		 5 July
1905		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Free Trade Reid [16]
(2) AlfredDeakin.jpeg Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic[lower-alpha 1]		 — (2nd) 5 July
1905		 13 November
1908		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Protectionist 2nd Deakin [14]
1906 (3rd)
5 90px Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld		 — (3rd) 13 November
1908		 2 June
1909		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Fisher [17]
(2) 90px Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic[lower-alpha 1]		 — (3rd) 2 June
1909		 29 April
1910		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal 3rd Deakin [14]
(5) 90px Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld		 1910 (4th) 29 April
1910		 24 June
1913		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 2nd Fisher [17]
6 90px Joseph Cook
(1860–1947)
MP for Parramatta, NSW		 1913 (5th) 24 June
1913		 17 September
1914		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal Cook [18]
(5) 90px Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld		 1914 (6th) 17 September
1914		 27 October
1915		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 3rd Fisher [17]
90px Billy Hughes
(1862–1952)
MP for West Sydney, NSW (until 1917)
MP for Bendigo, Vic (1917–22)
MP for North Sydney, NSW (from 1922)		 — (6th) 27 October
1915		 14 November
1916		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Hughes [19]
7 – (6th) 14 November
1916		 17 February
1917		 National Labor 2nd Hughes
– (6th) 17 February
1917		 9 February
1923		 Nationalist 3rd Hughes
1917 (7th) 4th Hughes
1919 (8th) 5th Hughes
8 90px Stanley Bruce
(1883–1967)
MP for Flinders, Vic		 1922 (9th) 9 February
1923		 22 October
1929		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Nationalist
(Coalition)		 1st Bruce [20]
1925 (10th) 2nd Bruce
1928 (11th) 3rd Bruce
9 Portrait of the Right Hon. J. H. Scullin.png James Scullin
(1876–1953)
MP for Yarra, Vic		 1929 (12th) 22 October
1929		 6 January
1932		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor Scullin [21]
10 90px Joseph Lyons
(1879–1939)
MP for Wilmot, Tas		 1931 (13th) 6 January
1932		 7 April
1939†		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. United Australia 1st Lyons [22]
1934 (14th) 2nd Lyons
— (14th) United Australia
(Coalition)		 3rd Lyons
1937 (15th) 4th Lyons
11 90px Earle Page
(1880–1961)
MP for Cowper, NSW		 — (15th) 7 April
1939		 26 April
1939		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Country
(Coalition)		 Page
(Caretaker)		 [23]
12 90px Robert Menzies
(1894–1978)
MP for Kooyong, Vic		 — (15th) 26 April
1939		 29 August
1941		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. United Australia 1st Menzies [24]
United Australia
(Coalition)		 2nd Menzies
1940 (16th) 3rd Menzies
13 FaddenPEO.jpg Arthur Fadden
(1894–1973)
MP for Darling Downs, Qld		 — (16th) 29 August
1941		 7 October
1941		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Country
(Coalition)		 Fadden [25]
14 JohnCurtin.jpg John Curtin
(1885–1945)
MP for Fremantle, WA		 — 7 October
1941		 5 July
1945†		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Curtin [26]
1943 (17th) 2nd Curtin
15 90px Frank Forde
(1890–1983)
MP for Capricornia, Qld		 — (17th) 5 July
1945		 13 July
1945		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor Forde
(Caretaker)		 [27]
16 Benchifley.jpg Ben Chifley
(1885–1951)
MP for Macquarie, NSW		 — (17th) 13 July
1945		 19 December
1949		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Chifley [28]
1946 (18th) 2nd Chifley
(12) 90px Robert Menzies
(1894–1978)
MP for Kooyong, Vic		 1949 (19th) 19 December
1949		 26 January
1966		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 4th Menzies [24]
1951 (20th) 5th Menzies
1954 (21st) 6th Menzies
1955 (22nd) 7th Menzies
1958 (23rd) 8th Menzies
1961 (24th) 9th Menzies
1963 (25th) 10th Menzies
17 90px Harold Holt
(1908–1967)
MP for Higgins, Vic		 — (25th) 26 January
1966		 17 December
1967†		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Holt [29]
1966 (26th) 2nd Holt
18 Sir John McEwen.jpg John McEwen
(1900–1980)
MP for Murray, Vic		 — (26th) 19 December
1967		 10 January
1968		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Country
(Coalition)		 McEwen
(Caretaker)		 [30]
19 90px John Gorton
(1911–2002)
MP for Higgins, Vic[lower-alpha 2]		 — (26th) 10 January
1968		 10 March
1971		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Gorton [32]
1969 (27th) 2nd Gorton
20 90px William McMahon
(1908–1988)
MP for Lowe, NSW		 — (27th) 10 March
1971		 5 December
1972		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 McMahon [33]
21 90px Gough Whitlam
(1916–2014)
MP for Werriwa, NSW		 1972 (28th) 5 December
1972		 11 November
1975		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Whitlam [34]
— (28th) 2nd Whitlam
1974 (29th) 3rd Whitlam
22 90px Malcolm Fraser
(1930–2015)
MP for Wannon, Vic		 — (29th) 11 November
1975		 11 March
1983		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Fraser [35]
1975 (30th) 2nd Fraser
1977 (31st) 3rd Fraser
1980 (32nd) 4th Fraser
23 90px Bob Hawke
(1929–2019)
MP for Wills, Vic		 1983 (33rd) 11 March
1983		 20 December
1991		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Hawke [36]
1984 (34th) 2nd Hawke
1987 (35th) 3rd Hawke
1990 (36th) 4th Hawke
24 90px Paul Keating
(b. 1944)
MP for Blaxland, NSW		 — (36th) 20 December
1991		 11 March
1996		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Keating [37]
1993 (37th) 2nd Keating
25 90px John Howard
(b. 1939)
MP for Bennelong, NSW		 1996 (38th) 11 March
1996		 3 December
2007		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Howard [38]
1998 (39th) 2nd Howard
2001 (40th) 3rd Howard
2004 (41st) 4th Howard
26 Kevin Rudd official portrait.jpg Kevin Rudd
(b. 1957)
MP for Griffith, Qld		 2007 (42nd) 3 December
2007		 24 June
2010		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Rudd [39]
27 Julia Gillard 2010.jpg Julia Gillard
(b. 1961)
MP for Lalor, Vic		 — (42nd) 24 June
2010		 27 June
2013		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 1st Gillard [40]
2010 (43rd) 2nd Gillard
(26) Kevin Rudd portrait.jpg Kevin Rudd
(b. 1957)
MP for Griffith, Qld		 — (43rd) 27 June
2013		 18 September
2013		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Labor 2nd Rudd [39]
28 90px Tony Abbott
(b. 1957)
MP for Warringah, NSW		 2013 (44th) 18 September
2013		 15 September
2015		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 Abbott [41]
29 90px Malcolm Turnbull
(b. 1954)
MP for Wentworth, NSW		 — (44th) 15 September
2015		 24 August
2018		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Turnbull [42]
2016 (45th) 2nd Turnbull
30 90px Scott Morrison
(b. 1968)
MP for Cook, NSW		 — (45th) 24 August
2018		 23 May
2022		 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Liberal
(Coalition)		 1st Morrison [43]
2019 (46th) 2nd Morrison
31 90px Anthony Albanese
(b. 1963)
MP for Grayndler, NSW		 2022 (47th) 23 May
2022		 Incumbent Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist.[lower-alpha 3] Labor Albanese [44]

Timeline

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Australia Prime ministers of Australia (1901–today)

Career-based timeline

This timeline shows most of the early life, the political career and death of each prime minister from 1901. The first prime minister was Edmund Barton in the early 20th century.[45]

Key

  • Each dark coloured bar denotes the time spent as prime minister
  • A light colour denotes time spent in Parliament before or after serving as prime minister
  • A grey colour bar denotes the time the prime minister spent outside Parliament, either before or after their political career

Notable moments

Timeline

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ballarat was spelt Ballaarat until the 1973 election.
  2. ↑ Gorton was a Senator until he resigned from the Senate on 1 February 1968; he was elected to the House of Representatives at the Higgins by-election on 24 February 1968.[31]
  3. ↑ As of 19 April 2024

References

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  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


External links

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