List of active nationalist parties in Europe

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File:Nationalist parties in the European Union.png
The popular vote in favour of the main nationalist party by European countries.

Nationalist parties in Europe have been on rise since the early 2010s[1][2][3][4][5][6] due to, according to some, austerity measures and immigration.[7][8]

Ruth Wodak stresses that the rise of populist parties across Europe has different reasons in different countries. In a March 2014 article she divided these parties into four groups: "parties [that] gain support via an ambivalent relationship with fascist and Nazi pasts" (e.g., in Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and France), parties that "focus primarily on a perceived threat from Islam" (e.g., in the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland), parties that "restrict their propaganda to a perceived threat to their national identities from ethnic minorities" (e.g., in Hungary, Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom) and parties that "endorse a fundamentalist Christian conservative-reactionary agenda" (e.g., in Poland, Romania and Bulgaria).[9] According to the Economist, the main attraction of far-right parties in the Scandinavian countries is the national culture is under threat.[10]

Overview

Different parts of Europe have nationalist parties with different ideologies and goals. Most nationalist parties in Western Europe are described as right-wing populists.[11] According to Thomas Klau of the European Council on Foreign Relations "as antisemitism was a unifying factor for far-right parties in the 1910s, 20s and 30s, Islamophobia has become the unifying factor in the early decades of the 21st century."[12] Many are Left Wing or Civic Nationalist Parties, which often advocate regionalism.

Nationalist parties are the ruling parties in the two former Yugoslav countries. In the Republic of Macedonia, the VMRO-DPMNE is one of the two major parties in the country. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), founded in 2008 by former Serbian Radical Party members and is led by Tomislav Nikolić. The SNS won plurality in the 2012 parliamentary election and is since the senior party in the Serbian government.

In all other countries, nationalist parties are in opposition. In some countries, nationalist parties are major players in politics, such as in the National Front in France, True Finns in Finland, Austria, Jobbik Hungary, LDPR in Russia, MHP in Turkey, the Golden Dawn in Greece, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Armenia, etc.

Most, if not all, nationalist parties represented in the European Parliament are in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

Nationalist parties in the Eastern European states differ from the ones in Western Europe mostly by the fact that there is virtually no immigration into these countries.[citation needed]

Governments in Belarus and Azerbaijan are often considered totalitarian and elections in these countries have been described unfair and not free and thus the parliaments are effectively controlled by the ruling party.[citation needed]

List

  •   the governing party
  •   giving parliamentary support

National

Party Country Date established  % of popular vote Votes Seats Ideology, description
Nationalist Movement Party  Turkey 1969 11.9% (2015) 5.694.136
40 / 550
Turkish Nationalism
VMRO-DPMNE  Macedonia 1990 43.0% (2014) 481,615
61 / 123
Macedonian nationalism,[13] Conservatism,[14] Christian democracy,[14][15] National conservatism[16]
Law and Justice  Poland 2001 37.6% (2015) 5,711,687
235 / 460
Polish nationalism[17]
Swiss People's Party   Switzerland 1971 29.4% (2015) 740,954
65 / 200
Nationalism,[18][19] conservatism
Danish People's Party  Denmark 1995 21.1% (2015) 741,746
37 / 179
Anti-immigration,[20][21] Euroscepticism[22][23]
Freedom Party of Austria  Austria 1956 20.5% (2013) 962,313
40 / 183
Anti-Immigration[24][25]
New Flemish Alliance  Belgium 2001 20.3% (2014) 1,366,397
33 / 150
Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Jobbik  Hungary 2003 20.2% (2014) 985,029
23 / 199
Hungarian nationalism,[27][28] Anti-Zionism,[29] Greater Hungary[30]
Finns Party  Finland 1995 17.7% (2015) 524,054
38 / 200
Finnish nationalism,[31] Anti-Immigration,[32][33] Euroscepticism
National Alliance  Latvia 2010 16.6% (2014) 151,567
17 / 100
Latvian nationalism[34]
Progress Party  Norway 1973 16.3% (2013) 463,560
29 / 169
Anti-immigration[35]
IRL  Estonia 2006 13.7% (2015) 78,699
14 / 101
Estonian nationalism,[36][37] National conservatism
National Front  France 1972 13.6% (2012) 3,528,373
2 / 577
French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism[38][39][40]
Sweden Democrats  Sweden 1988 12.9% (2014) 801,178
49 / 349
Swedish nationalism,[41] Anti-immigration,[42] Euroscepticism[43]
United Kingdom Independence Party  United Kingdom 1993 12.6% (2015) 3,881,129
1 / 650
Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
LDPR  Russia 1991 11.7% (2011) 7,664,570
56 / 450
Russian nationalism, Russian imperialism, Anti-Americanism[44][45]
SDP  Montenegro 1993 11.1% (2012) 40,131
9 / 81
Party for Freedom  Netherlands 2006 10.1% (2012) 950,263
15 / 150
Anti-Immigration, Anti-Islam
Sinn Féin  Ireland 1905 13.8% (2016) 295,319
23 / 166
Irish republicanism, Left-Wing Nationalism, Democratic Socialism
Slovak National Party  Slovakia 1989 8.64% (2016) 225,386
15 / 150
Slovak ultra-nationalist,[46][47][48][49][50][51] extremist,[52][53][54] Hungarophobia,[55] Antiziganism[56][57][58]
Conservative People's Party of Estonia  Estonia 2012 8.1% (2015) 46,772
7 / 101
Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Kotleba - People’s Party Our Slovakia  Slovakia 2011 8.04% (2016) 209,779
14 / 150
Slovak ultra-nationalist, extremist.
Order and Justice  Lithuania 2002 7.3% (2012) 100,120
11 / 141
Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
Attack  Bulgaria 2005 7.3% (2013) 258,481
23 / 240
Bulgarian nationalism,[59] ultranationalism,[60][61]
Golden Dawn  Greece 1993 6.99% (2015) 379,581
18 / 300
Greek nationalism, Anti-immigration, Megali Idea,[62] Ultranationalism,[63] Neo-fascist[64]
ADR  Luxembourg 1987 6.6% (2013) 217,683
3 / 60
conservatism
ARF  Armenia 1890 5.7% (2012) 85,550
5 / 131
Armenian nationalism, United Armenia[65][66]
Alternative for Germany  Germany 2013 4.7% (2013) 2,056,985
0 / 631
Euroscepticism, National conservatism
Svoboda  Ukraine 1991 4.7% (2014) 742,022
7 / 450
Ukrainian nationalism,[67] Anti-Russian[68]
Serbian Radical Party  Serbia 1991 3.8% (2012) 147,793
0 / 250
Serbian nationalism, Right-Wing Populism, Euroscepticism, National conservatism
Flemish Interest  Belgium 2004 3.7% (2014) 247,738
3 / 150
Flemish nationalism, separatism[26]
Croatian Party of Rights  Croatia 1990 3.0% (2011) 72,360
0 / 151
Croatian nationalism[69][70][71]
Croatian Pure Party of Rights  Croatia 1992
0 / 151
Croatian nationalism, national conservatism, protectionism
Brothers of Italy – National Alliance  Italy 2012 2.0% (2013) 666,035
9 / 630
Italian nationalism[72]
Slovenian National Party  Slovenia 1991 2.20% (2014) 19,218
0 / 90
Slovenian nationalism[73]
Right Sector  Ukraine 2014 1.8% (2014) 284,943
1 / 450
Ukrainian nationalism
National Democratic Party  Germany 1964 1.5% (2013) 635,135
0 / 631
German nationalism
Greater Romania Party  Romania 1991 1.5% (2012) 108,911
0 / 137
Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment
National Popular Front  Cyprus 2008 1.1% (2011) 4,354
0 / 59
Greek nationalism
Congress of the New Right  Poland 2011 1.1% (2011) 151,837
0 / 460
Euroscepticism
Workers' Party  Czech Republic 2010 0.86% (2013) 42,906
0 / 200
Czech nationalism
National Liberal Party  Moldova 1993 0.43% (2014) 6,859
0 / 101
National Renovator Party  Portugal 2000 0.50% (2015) 27,286
0 / 230
Portuguese nationalism
National Front  Albania 1989 0.28% (2013) 4,868
0 / 140
New Force  Italy 1997 0.26% (2013) 89,826
0 / 630
Estonian Independence Party  Estonia 1999 0.18% (2015) 1,047
0 / 101
Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Tricolour Flame  Italy 1995 0.13% (2013) 44,753
0 / 630
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists  Ukraine 1992 0.05% (2014) 8,976
0 / 450
Ukrainian nationalism
SRP  Poland 1992 0.05% (2011) 9,733
0 / 460
Polish nationalism
España 2000  Spain 2002 0.04% (2011) 9,266
0 / 350
Spanish nationalism
Spanish Falange of the JONS  Spain 1933 0.01% (2011) 2,898
0 / 350
Falangism
National Democracy  Spain 1995 0.01% (2011) 1,867
0 / 350
Spanish nationalism
British National Party  United Kingdom 1982 0.00% (2015) 1,667
0 / 650
White nationalism,[74][75][76] Fascism,[77][78][79] Euroscepticism[80]
Swedish Resistance Movement  Sweden 2015 0.00% 0
0 / 349
Millitant neo-nazi[81]
Conservative Party of Georgia  Georgia 2001
part of Georgian Dream alliance
6 / 150
National Movement  Poland 2012
part of Kukiz'15 alliance
5 / 460
Polish nationalism, national conservatism, anti-globalization
Belarusian Popular Front  Belarus 1988 N/A N/A N/A

Disputed, de facto independent areas

Party Country Date established  % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology, description
Unity Party Georgia (country)  South Ossetia 2003 46.3% (2009) 21,246
17 / 34
Free Motherland Azerbaijan  Nagorno-Karabakh 2005 44.2% (2010) 29,252
14 / 33
National Unity Party Cyprus  Northern Cyprus 1975 44.1% (2009) 622,804
27 / 50
Democratic Party of Kosovo Serbia  Kosovo 1975 32.1% (2010) 224,339
34 / 120
Renewal Moldova  Transnistria 2000  % (2010)
25 / 43
United Abkhazia Georgia (country)  Abkhazia 2004  % (2012)
0 / 35

Regional

Party Country Date established  % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats Bosnia and Herzegovina  Republika Srpska 2001 50.5% (2010) 319,615
37 / 83
Serbian nationalism
Scottish National Party United Kingdom  Scotland 1934 45.4% (2011) 902,915
65 / 129
Scottish nationalism
Basque National Party Spain Flag of the Basque Country.svg Basque Country 1895 34.6% (2012) 383,565
27 / 75
Basque nationalism
New Flemish Alliance Belgium  Flanders 2001 31.9% (2014) 1,339,943
43 / 124
Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Convergence and Union Spain  Catalonia 1978 30.7% (2012) 1,116,259
50 / 135
Catalan nationalism
Sinn Féin United Kingdom  Northern Ireland 1905 26.3% (2016)
29 / 108
Irish nationalism
Party of Democratic Action[82] Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 20.2% (2010) 206,926
23 / 98
Bosniak nationalism
Plaid Cymru United Kingdom  Wales 1925 19.3% (2011) 182,907
11 / 60
Welsh nationalism
Pè a Corsica France  Corse 2002 35.34% (2015) 52,839
24 / 51
Corse nationalism
Croatian Democratic Union Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 10.6% (2010) 108,943
12 / 98
Croatian nationalism
Galician Nationalist Bloc Spain  Galicia 1982 10.1% (2012) 146,027
7 / 75
Galician nationalism
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians Serbia  Vojvodina 1982 6.2% (2012)
8 / 120
Hungarian nationalism
Flemish Interest Belgium  Flanders 1992 5.9% (2014) 248,840
6 / 124
Flemish nationalism

References

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External links

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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