List of feminists
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This is a list of important participants in the development of feminism, originally sorted by surname within each period.
It may include, for instance, earlier authors who did not self-identify as feminists but have been claimed to have furthered "feminist consciousness" by a resistance of male dominance expressed in their works.
List of feminists | |
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Contents
Early feminists
Born before 1500.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1201–1300 | Poladian, Alexia | Armenia | unknown | ---- | Feminist and Activist | [1][2] |
2 | 1201–1300 | Bettisia Gozzadini | Italy | 1209 | 1261 | Italian law tutor who taught at the University of Bologna | [3] |
3 | 1201–1300 | Nicola de la Haye | United Kingdom | 1150–56 | 1230 | Castellan of Lincoln for approximately thirty years | [4] |
4 | 1301–1400 | Jefimija | Serbia | 1349 | 1405 | Serbian politician, poet, diplomat | [5] |
5 | 1301–1400 | Christine de Pizan | Italy | 1365 | 1430 | Medieval court writer | [6] |
6 | 1301–1400 | Jadwiga of Poland | Poland | 1373–74 | 1399 | Female king of Poland from 1384 to her death | [7] |
7 | 1301–1400 | Milica of Serbia | Serbia | 1335 | 1405 | Serbian Empress, ruler of Serbia 1389-1393, poet | [8][9] |
8 | 1401–1500 | Balaram Das | India | 15th century | unknown | Odia poet; first attempt in India towards feminism | [10] |
9 | 1401–1500 | Laura Cereta | Italy | 1469 | 1499 | Humanist and feminist writer | [11] |
10 | 1401–1500 | La Malinche | Mexico | c. 1496 or c. 1501 | c. 1529 | Instrumental in Mexico gaining independence from Mexico | [12] |
11 | 1401–1500 | Marie Dentière | Switzerland | c. 1495 | 1561 | Genevan Protestant reformer and theologian | [13] |
16th-century feminists
Born between 1501 and 1600.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1501–1600 | Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa | Germany | 1486 | 1535 | Male feminist, wrote Declamatio de nobilitate et praecellentia foeminei sexus (Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex), a book pronouncing the theological and moral superiority of women | [14] |
2 | 1501–1600 | Jane Anger | United Kingdom | fl. 1589 | fl. 1589 | Protofeminist writer of Jane Anger her Protection for Women | [15] |
3 | 1501–1600 | Marie de Gournay | France | 1565 | 1645 | Protofeminist writer of Egalité des hommes et des femmes (The equality of men and women) | [16] |
4 | 1501–1600 | Izumo no Okuni | Japan | c. 1571 | unknown | Originator of kabuki theater | [17] |
5 | 1501–1600 | Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi | Italy | 1501–1600 | c. 1593 | Protofeminist writer of The Worth of Women | [18] |
6 | 1501–1600 | Lucrezia Marinella | Italy | c. 1571 | 1653 | Italian poet, author, and an advocate of women's rights | [13] |
7 | 1501–1600 | Pocahontas | United States | c. 1595 | 1617 | Early pioneer feminist | [19] |
17th-century feminists
Born between 1601 and 1700.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1601–1700 | Aphra Behn | United Kingdom | 1640 | 1689 | Writer and protofeminist | [20] |
2 | 1601–1700 | Anne Bradstreet | United Kingdom | 1612 | 1672 | North American colonial poet | [21] |
3 | 1601–1700 | Sophia Elisabet Brenner | Sweden | 1659 | 1724 | Writer and women's rights activist | [22] |
4 | 1601–1700 | Sr. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz | Mexico | 1648 | 1695 | Hieronymite nun, scholar and poet | [23] |
5 | 1601–1700 | François Poullain de la Barre | France | 1647 | 1725 | Male feminist philosopher | [13] |
6 | 1601–1700 | Mary Astell | United Kingdom | c. 1666 | 1731 | English feminist writer and rhetorician | [13][24][25] |
18th-century feminists
Born between 1701 and 1800.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1701–1800 | Abigail Adams | United States | 1744 | 1818 | Wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams | [26] |
2 | 1701–1800 | Catharina Ahlgren | Sweden | 1734 | 1800 | Female Swedish publisher and writer. | [27] |
3 | 1701–1800 | Annestine Beyer | Denmark | 1795 | 1884 | Pioneer of women's education | [28] |
4 | 1701–1800 | Eleanor Butler | United Kingdom | 1739 | 1829 | One of the Ladies of Llangollen | [29] |
5 | 1701–1800 | Marquis de Condorcet | France | 1743 | 1794 | [13] | |
6 | 1701–1800 | Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt | France | 1762 | 1817 | Politician | [30] |
7 | 1701–1800 | Dorothea Erxleben | Germany | 1715 | 1762 | [6] | |
8 | 1701–1800 | Charles Fourier | France | 1772 | 1837 | Socialist feminist; philosopher; credited with coining the (French) word "féministe" | [31][32] |
9 | 1701–1800 | Jane Gomeldon | United Kingdom | c. 1720 | 1779 | Writer and first to use the press to gain power through transparency. | [33] |
10 | 1701–1800 | Olympe de Gouges | France | 1748 | 1793 | Playwright and political activist who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 | [24] |
11 | 1701–1800 | Sarah Grimke | United States | 1792 | 1873 | First-wave feminist | [19] |
12 | 1701–1800 | Sarah Moore Grimké | United States | 1792 | 1873 | Suffragette | [24] |
13 | 1701–1800 | Francis Hutcheson | Ireland | 1694 | 1746 | Scottish-Irish philosopher, a founding father of the Scottish Enlightenment | [34] |
14 | 1701–1800 | Christian Isobel Johnstone | United Kingdom | 1781 | 1857 | Journalist and author in Scotland | [35] |
15 | 1701–1800 | Anne Knight | United Kingdom | 1786 | 1862 | Social reformer; pioneer of feminism | [24] |
16 | 1701–1800 | Anna Maria Lenngren | Sweden | 1754 | 1817 | Writer, poet, and salonist; possibly a feminist | [36] |
17 | 1701–1800 | Francisco de Miranda, Gen. | Venezuela | 1750 | 1816 | Published an impassioned plea for women's education. | [37] |
18 | 1701–1800 | Lucretia Mott | United States | 1793 | 1880 | Abolitionist and women's rights campaigner | [38] |
19 | 1701–1800 | Sarah Ponsonby | United Kingdom | 1755 | 1831 | One of the Ladies of Llangollen | [29] |
20 | 1701–1800 | Madeleine de Puisieux | France | 1720 | 1798 | Writer | [39] |
21 | 1701–1800 | Mary Shelley | United Kingdom | 1797 | 1851 | Early pioneer feminist | [19] |
22 | 1701–1800 | Thomas Thorild | Sweden | 1759 | 1808 | Male feminist, poet | [40] |
23 | 1701–1800 | Sojourner Truth | United States | c. 1797 | 1883 | First-wave feminist; abolitionist, women's rights activist, speaker, women's rights speech "Ain't I a Woman?" | [26][19] |
24 | 1701–1800 | Anna Wheeler | United Kingdom, Ireland | 1785 | 1848 | Feminist writer | [41] |
25 | 1701–1800 | Mary Wollstonecraft | United Kingdom | 1759 | 1797 | Early pioneer feminist; Individualist feminist | [26][19] |
26 | 1701–1800 | Frances Wright | United Kingdom | 1795 | 1852 | First-wave feminist | [26][19] |
Early and mid 19th-century feminists
Born between 1801 and 1874.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1801–1874 | Juliette Adam | France | 1836 | 1936 | [24] | |
2 | 1801–1874 | Jane Addams | United States | 1860 | 1935 | First-wave feminist; suffragette; Major social activist, president Women's International League for Peace and Freedom | [19] |
3 | 1801–1874 | Gertrud Adelborg | Sweden | 1853 | 1942 | Teacher and suffragist | [42] |
4 | 1801–1874 | Sophie Adlersparre | Sweden | 1823 | 1895 | Publisher; one of three most notable pioneers of women's rights movement in Sweden | [43] |
5 | 1801–1874 | Alfhild Agrell | Sweden | 1849 | 1923 | [44] | |
6 | 1801–1874 | Soteria Aliberty | Greece | 1847 | 1929 | [24] | |
7 | 1801–1874 | Jules Allix | France | 1818 | 1897 | Socialist; male feminist | [31] |
8 | 1801–1874 | Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner | Germany | 1874 | 1930 | Women's suffrage | [45] |
9 | 1801–1874 | Qasim Amin | Egypt | 1863 | 1908 | Muslim feminist; early advocate of women's rights in Egyptian society | [24][46] |
10 | 1801–1874 | Ellen Anckarsvärd | Sweden | 1833 | 1898 | Co-founded the Married Woman's Property Rights Association | [47] |
11 | 1801–1874 | Adelaide Anderson | United Kingdom | 1863 | 1936 | [25][25] | |
12 | 1801–1874 | Elizabeth Garrett Anderson | United Kingdom | 1836 | 1917 | Feminist, suffragist; suffragette; first Englishwoman to qualify as a physician and surgeon in the UK; co-founder of first hospital staffed by women | [25][48] |
13 | 1801–1874 | Louisa Garrett Anderson | United Kingdom | 1873 | 1943 | Suffragette | [48] |
14 | 1801–1874 | Maybanke Anderson | Australia | 1845 | 1927 | Suffragette | [49] |
15 | 1801–1874 | Susan Anthony | United States | 1820 | 1906 | Suffragette; played a pivotal role in movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States | [26] |
16 | 1801–1874 | Lovisa Årberg | Sweden | 1801 | 1881 | First female doctor in Sweden | [50] |
17 | 1801–1874 | Edith Archibald | Canada | 1854 | 1936 | Suffragist; led the Maritime Women's Christian Temperance Union, the National Council of Women of Canada and the Local Council of Women of Halifax | [51] |
18 | 1801–1874 | Concepción Arenal | Spain | 1820 | 1893 | [13] | |
19 | 1801–1874 | Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll | United Kingdom | 1848 | 1939 | Suffragette | [52] |
20 | 1801–1874 | Ottilie Assing | Germany | 1819 | 1884 | [53] | |
21 | 1801–1874 | Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi | Iran | 1859 | 1921 | Writer | [54] |
22 | 1801–1874 | Louise Aston | Germany | 1814 | 1871 | [55] | |
23 | 1801–1874 | Hubertine Auclert | France | 1848 | 1914 | Feminist activist, suffragette | [19] |
24 | 1801–1874 | Olympe Audouard | France | 1832 | 1890 | [19] | |
25 | 1801–1874 | Alice Constance Austin | United States | 1862 | 1955 | Socialist feminist; radical feminist | [56] |
26 | 1801–1874 | Rachel Foster Avery | United States | 1858 | 1919 | First-wave feminist; suffragette | [19] |
27 | 1801–1874 | John Goodwyn Barmby | United Kingdom | 1820 | 1881 | [48] | |
28 | 1801–1874 | Marie Bashkirtseff | Ukraine | 1858 | 1884 | First-wave feminist; French feminist | [19] |
29 | 1801–1874 | José Batlle y Ordóñez | Uruguay | 1856 | 1929 | [57] | |
30 | 1801–1874 | Anna Bayerová | Czech Republic | 1853 | 1924 | [58] | |
31 | 1801–1874 | Jean Beadle | Australia | 1868 | 1942 | Feminist; social worker; political activist | |
32 | 1801–1874 | August Bebel | Germany | 1840 | 1913 | Communist; male | [26] |
33 | 1801–1874 | Alaide Gualberta Beccari | Italy | 1868 | 1930 | Socialist feminist; radical feminist | |
34 | 1801–1874 | Lydia Becker | United Kingdom | 1827 | 1890 | Suffragette | [24][48] |
35 | 1801–1874 | Catharine Beecher | United States | 1800 | 1878 | [24] | |
36 | 1801–1874 | Alva Belmont | United States | 1853 | 1933 | Suffrage leader; speaker; author | [24] |
37 | 1801–1874 | Louie Bennett | Ireland | 1870 | 1956 | Suffrage leader | [24] |
38 | 1801–1874 | Ethel Bentham | United Kingdom | 1861 | 1931 | Progressive doctor, politician and suffragette | [59] |
39 | 1801–1874 | Victoire Léodile Béra | France | 1824 | 1900 | [60] | |
40 | 1801–1874 | Signe Bergman | Sweden | 1869 | 1960 | ||
41 | 1801–1874 | Annie Besant | United Kingdom | 1847 | 1933 | Socialist feminist | |
42 | 1801–1874 | Alice Stone Blackwell | United States | 1857 | 1950 | Feminist and journalist, editor of Woman's Journal, a major women's rights publication | [24] |
43 | 1801–1874 | Antoinette Brown Blackwell | United States | 1825 | 1921 | Founded American Woman Suffrage Association with Lucy Stone in 1869 | |
44 | 1801–1874 | Elizabeth Blackwell | United States | 1821 | 1910 | First-wave feminist | [19] |
45 | 1801–1874 | Henry Browne Blackwell | United States | 1825 | 1909 | Businessman, abolitionist, journalist, suffrage leader and campaigner | |
46 | 1801–1874 | Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch | United States | 1856 | 1940 | Suffragist | [24][48] |
47 | 1801–1874 | Amelia Bloomer | United States | 1818 | 1894 | Suffragist, publisher and editor of The Lily, advocated for many women's issues | [24] |
48 | 1801–1874 | Barbara Bodichon | United Kingdom | 1827 | 1891 | [24][48] | |
49 | 1801–1874 | Laura Borden | Canada | 1861 | 1940 | President of the Local Council of Women of Halifax | |
50 | 1801–1874 | Lily Braun | Germany | 1865 | 1916 | [24] | |
51 | 1801–1874 | Fredrika Bremer | Sweden | 1801 | 1865 | Writer, feminist activist and pioneer of the organized women's rights movement in Sweden | [24] |
52 | 1801–1874 | Ursula Mellor Bright | United Kingdom | 1835 | 1915 | Suffragette | |
53 | 1801–1874 | Emilia Broomé | Sweden | 1866 | 1925 | ||
54 | 1801–1874 | Antoinette Brown Blackwell | United States | 1825 | 1921 | [24] | |
55 | 1801–1874 | Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton | United Kingdom | 1869 | 1923 | Suffragette | |
56 | 1801–1874 | Katharine Bushnell | United States | 1856 | 1946 | ||
57 | 1801–1874 | Josephine Butler | United Kingdom | 1828 | 1906 | [24] | |
58 | 1801–1874 | Pancha Carrasco | Costa Rica | 1826 | 1890 | [24] | |
59 | 1801–1874 | Frances Jennings Casement | United States | 1840 | 1928 | Suffragette | |
60 | 1801–1874 | Carrie Chapman Catt | United States | 1859 | 1947 | Suffrage leader, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, founder of League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women | [26][24] |
61 | 1801–1874 | Maria Cederschiöld | Sweden | 1856 | 1935 | Suffragette | |
62 | 1801–1874 | William Henry Channing | United States | 1810 | 1884 | Minister, author | |
63 | 1801–1874 | Mary Agnes Chase | United States | 1869 | 1963 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
64 | 1801–1874 | Ada Nield Chew | United Kingdom | 1870 | 1945 | Suffragette | |
65 | 1801–1874 | Tennessee Celeste Claflin | United States | 1844 | 1923 | suffragette | [26] |
66 | 1801–1874 | Alice Clark | United Kingdom | 1874 | 1934 | ||
67 | 1801–1874 | Helen Bright Clark | United Kingdom | 1840 | 1972 | Suffragette | |
68 | 1801–1874 | Florence Claxton | United Kingdom | 1840 | 1879 | ||
69 | 1801–1874 | Voltairine de Cleyre | United States | 1866 | 1912 | Individualist feminist; anarcha-feminist | [19] |
70 | 1801–1874 | Francis Power Cobbe | Ireland | 1822 | 1904 | ||
71 | 1801–1874 | Mary Ann Colclough | New Zealand | 1836 | 1885 | Feminist; social reformer | |
72 | 1801–1874 | Anna "Annie" Julia Cooper | United States | 1858 | 1964 | Suffragette | [13] |
73 | 1801–1874 | Marguerite Coppin | Belgium | 1867 | 1931 | Woman poet laureate of Belgium and advocate of women's rights | |
74 | 1801–1874 | Ida Crouch-Hazlett | United States | 1870 | 1941 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
75 | 1801–1874 | Emily Wilding Davison | United Kingdom | 1872 | 1913 | Suffragette | |
76 | 1801–1874 | Draga Dejanović | Serbia | 1840 | 1871 | [61] | |
77 | 1801–1874 | Josefina Deland | Sweden | 1814 | 1890 | Writer, teacher, founded Society for Retired Female Teachers) | |
78 | 1801–1874 | Maria Deraismes | France | 1828 | 1894 | [60] | |
79 | 1801–1874 | Charlotte Despard née French | United Kingdom | 1844 | 1939 | Suffragette | [24] |
80 | 1801–1874 | Jenny d'Hericourt | France | 1809 | 1875 | [24] | |
81 | 1801–1874 | Louisa Margaret Dunkley | Australia | 1866 | 1927 | Labour organizer | |
82 | 1801–1874 | Marguerite Durand | France | 1864 | 1936 | Suffragette | [62] |
83 | 1801–1874 | Friedrich Engels | Germany | 1820 | 1895 | Communist; male | [26] |
84 | 1801–1874 | Emily Faithfull | United Kingdom | 1835 | 1895 | ||
85 | 1801–1874 | Millicent Garrett Fawcett | United Kingdom | 1847 | 1929 | Long-time president of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies | |
86 | 1801–1874 | Astrid Stampe Feddersen | Denmark | 1852 | 1930 | Chaired the first Scandinavian meeting on women's rights | |
87 | 1801–1874 | Anna Filosofova | Russia | 1837 | 1912 | Early Russian woman's rights activist | |
88 | 1801–1874 | Louise Flodin | Sweden | 1828 | 1923 | ||
89 | 1801–1874 | Mary Sargant Florence | United Kingdom | 1857 | 1954 | Suffragette | |
90 | 1801–1874 | Isabella Ford | United Kingdom | 1855 | 1924 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
91 | 1801–1874 | Margaret Fuller | United States | 1810 | 1850 | Transcendentalist, critic, advocate for women's education, author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century | [26] |
92 | 1801–1874 | Matilda Joslyn Gage | United States | 1826 | 1898 | Suffragist, editor, writer, organizer | [13] |
93 | 1801–1874 | Eliza Gamble | United States | 1841 | 1820 | Intellectual and an advocate of the Women's Movement | [63] |
94 | 1801–1874 | Edith Margaret Garrud | United Kingdom | 1872 | 1971 | Trained the 'Bodyguard' unit of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in jujutsu self-defence techniques | |
95 | 1801–1874 | Désirée Gay | France | 1810 | 1891 | Socialist feminist | [64] |
96 | 1801–1874 | Charlotte Perkins Gilman | United States | 1860 | 1935 | Ecofeminist | [26] |
97 | 1801–1874 | Wil van Gogh | Netherlands | 1862 | 1941 | ||
98 | 1801–1874 | Emma Goldman | United Kingdom | 1869 | 1940 | Individualist feminist; Russian-American campaigner for birth control and other rights | [26][24][19] |
99 | 1801–1874 | Vida Goldstein | Australia | 1869 | 1949 | Early Australian feminist politician; first woman in the British Empire to stand for election to a national parliament | [24] |
100 | 1801–1874 | Grace Greenwood | United States | 1823 | 1904 | First woman reporter on the New York Times payroll, advocate for social reform and women's rights | |
101 | 1801–1874 | Angelina Emily Grimké | United States | 1805 | 1879 | First-wave feminist; suffragette | [26][19] |
102 | 1801–1874 | Bella Guerin | Australia | 1858 | 1923 | Socialist feminist; first woman to graduate from an Australian university | |
103 | 1801–1874 | Marianne Hainisch | Austria | 1839 | 1936 | Proponent of women's right to work and to receive education | |
104 | 1801–1874 | Marion Coates Hansen | United Kingdom | 1870 | 1947 | Suffragette | |
105 | 1801–1874 | Jane Ellen Harrison | United Kingdom | 1850 | 1928 | ||
106 | 1801–1874 | Anna Haslam | Ireland | 1829 | 1922 | Major figure in early women's movement in Ireland, founded the Dublin Women's Suffrage Association | |
107 | 1801–1874 | Anna Hierta-Retzius | Sweden | 1841 | 1924 | Women's rights activist and philanthropist | |
108 | 1801–1874 | Thomas Wentworth Higginson | United States | 1828 | 1911 | Abolitionist, minister, author | |
109 | 1801–1874 | Laurence Housman | United Kingdom | 1865 | 1959 | Socialist feminist | |
110 | 1801–1874 | Julia Ward Howe | United States | 1819 | 1910 | Suffragist, writer, organizer | |
111 | 1801–1874 | Louisa Hubbard | United Kingdom | 1836 | 1906 | ||
112 | 1801–1874 | Aletta Jacobs | Netherlands | 1854 | 1929 | [13] | |
113 | 1801–1874 | Kehajia Kalliopi | Greece | 1839 | 1905 | [24] | |
114 | 1801–1874 | Kang Youwei | China | 1858 | 1927 | [24] | |
115 | 1801–1874 | Abby Kelley | United States | 1811 | 1887 | Suffragist and activist | |
116 | 1801–1874 | Grace Kimmins | United Kingdom | 1871 | 1954 | [citation needed] | |
117 | 1801–1874 | Anna Kingsford | United Kingdom | 1846 | 1888 | Ecofeminist | |
118 | 1801–1874 | Toshiko Kishida | Japan | 1863 | 1901 | [24] | |
119 | 1801–1874 | Alexandra Kollontai | USSR | 1872 | 1952 | Socialist feminist | [13] |
120 | 1801–1874 | Lotten von Kræmer | Sweden | 1828 | 1912 | Baroness, writer, poet, philanthropist, founder of the literary society Samfundet De Nio | |
121 | 1801–1874 | Marie Lacoste-Gérin-Lajoie | Canada | 1867 | 1945 | Suffragette; self-taught jurist | |
122 | 1801–1874 | Louisa Lawson | Australia | 1848 | 1920 | Suffragette; radical pro-republican federalist; author and publisher | [13] |
123 | 1801–1874 | Mary Lee | Australia, Ireland | 1821 | 1909 | Suffragette | |
124 | 1801–1874 | Anna Leonowens | United Kingdom, India | 1831 | 1915 | Travel writer, educator, social activist | |
125 | 1801–1874 | Fredrika Limnell | Sweden | 1816 | 1897 | ||
126 | 1801–1874 | Mary Livermore | United States | 1820 | 1905 | Women's rights journalist, suffragist | |
127 | 1801–1874 | Belva Lockwood | United States | 1830 | 1917 | [24] | |
128 | 1801–1874 | Margaret Bright Lucas | United Kingdom | 1818 | 1890 | Suffragette | |
129 | 1801–1874 | Rosa Luxemburg | Germany | 1871 | 1919 | Socialist feminist | |
130 | 1801–1874 | Christian Maclagan | United Kingdom | 1811 | 1901 | ||
131 | 1801–1874 | Kitty Marion | United Kingdom | 1871 | 1944 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
132 | 1801–1874 | Harriet Martineau | United Kingdom | 1802 | 1876 | ||
133 | 1801–1874 | Eleanor Marx | United Kingdom | 1855 | 1898 | Socialist feminist | |
134 | 1801–1874 | Rosa Mayreder | Austria | 1858 | 1938 | [13] | |
135 | 1801–1874 | Nellie McClung | Canada | 1873 | 1951 | Feminist and suffragist; part of The Famous Five | |
136 | 1801–1874 | Helen Priscilla McLaren | United Kingdom | 1851 | 1934 | ||
137 | 1801–1874 | Louise Michel | France | 1830 | 1905 | anarcha-feminist | [31] |
138 | 1801–1874 | Harriet Taylor Mill | United Kingdom | 1807 | 1858 | Early pioneer feminist | [19] |
139 | 1801–1874 | John Stuart Mill | United Kingdom | 1806 | 1873 | Early Pioneer | [26][19] |
140 | 1801–1874 | Hannah Mitchell | United Kingdom | 1872 | 1956 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
141 | 1801–1874 | Katti Anker Møller | Norway | 1868 | 1945 | First-wave feminist | [19] |
142 | 1801–1874 | Agda Montelius | Sweden | 1850 | 1920 | Feminist; suffragette; philanthropist, chairman of the Fredrika-Bremer-förbundet | |
143 | 1801–1874 | Anna Maria Mozzoni | Italy | 1837 | 1920 | First-wave feminist ; suffragette | [19] |
144 | 1801–1874 | Flora Murray | United Kingdom | 1869 | 1923 | Suffragette | |
145 | 1801–1874 | Clarina I. H. Nichols | United States | 1810 | 1885 | First-wave feminist; suffragette | [19] |
146 | 1801–1874 | Draga Obrenović | Serbia | 1864 | 1903 | Queen consort; | |
147 | 1801–1874 | Louise Otto-Peters | Germany | 1819 | 1895 | [65][66] | |
148 | 1801–1874 | Emmeline Pankhurst | United Kingdom | 1858 | 1928 | Suffragette; one of the founders and the leader of the British suffragette movement | [26] |
149 | 1801–1874 | Maud Wood Park | United States | 1871 | 1955 | Founder College Equal Suffrage League, first president League of Women Voters | |
150 | 1801–1874 | Madeleine Pelletier | France | 1874 | 1939 | French feminist; First-wave feminist; Socialist feminist | [19] |
151 | 1801–1874 | Wendell Phillips | United States | 1811 | 1884 | Abolitionist, orator, lawyer | |
152 | 1801–1874 | Jyotiba Phule | India | 1827 | 1890 | Critic of the caste system, founded a school for girls, a widow-remarriage initiative, a home for upper caste widows, and a home for infant girls to discourage female infanticide | [13] |
153 | 1801–1874 | Eugénie Potonié-Pierre | France | 1844 | 1898 | [31] | |
154 | 1801–1874 | Eleanor Rathbone | United Kingdom | 1872 | 1946 | [13] | |
155 | 1801–1874 | Caroline Rémy de Guebhard | France | 1855 | 1929 | ||
156 | 1801–1874 | Dorothy Richardson | United Kingdom | 1873 | 1957 | ||
157 | 1801–1874 | Edith Rigby | United Kingdom | 1872 | 1948 | Suffragette | |
158 | 1801–1874 | Sibylle Riqueti de Mirabeau | France | 1849 | 1932 | ||
159 | 1801–1874 | Bessie Rischbieth | Australia | 1874 | 1967) | Earliest female appointed to any court; early activist against the practice of taking Aboriginal children from their mothers | |
160 | 1801–1874 | Eliza Ritchie | Canada | 1856 | 1933 | Prominent suffragist, executive member of the Local Council of Women of Halifax | |
161 | 1801–1874 | Harriet Hanson Robinson | United States | 1825 | 1911 | [26] | |
162 | 1801–1874 | Pauline Roland | France | 1805 | 1852 | [19] | |
163 | 1801–1874 | Rosalie Roos | Sweden | 1823 | 1898 | Writer and pioneer of the organized women's rights movement in Sweden | |
164 | 1801–1874 | Ernestine Rose | United States, Russia-Poland | 1810 | 1892 | Suffragette | [26] |
165 | 1801–1874 | Hilda Sachs | Sweden | 1857 | 1935 | Journalist, writer and feminist | |
166 | 1801–1874 | Anna Sandström | Sweden | 1854 | 1931 | Educational reformer | |
167 | 1801–1874 | Auguste Schmidt | Germany | 1833 | 1902 | [67] | |
168 | 1801–1874 | Olive Schreiner | South Africa | 1855 | 1920 | ||
169 | 1801–1874 | Rose Scott | Australia | 1847 | 1925 | Suffragette | |
170 | 1801–1874 | Anna Howard Shaw | United States | 1847 | 1919 | President of National Women's Suffrage Association 1904–1915 | |
171 | 1801–1874 | Kate Sheppard | New Zealand | 1847 | 1934 | Influential in winning voting rights for women in 1893 (the first country and national election in which women were allowed to vote) | [13] |
172 | 1801–1874 | Tarabai Shinde | India | 1850 | 1910 | ||
173 | 1801–1874 | Emily Anne Eliza Shirreff | United Kingdom | 1814 | 1897 | Early pioneer feminist | [19] |
174 | 1801–1874 | Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick | United Kingdom | 1845 | 1936 | ||
175 | 1801–1874 | Dame Ethel Mary Smyth | United Kingdom | 1858 | 1944 | Suffragette | |
176 | 1801–1874 | Anna Garlin Spencer | United States | 1851 | 1931 | [26] | |
177 | 1801–1874 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States | 1815 | 1902 | Social activist, abolitionist, suffragist, organizer of the 1848 Women's Rights Convention, co-founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the International Council of Women | [26] |
178 | 1801–1874 | Anna Sterky | Sweden, Denmark | 1856 | 1939 | [68] | |
179 | 1801–1874 | Helene Stöcker | Germany | 1869 | 1943 | [66] | |
180 | 1801–1874 | Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja | Serbia | 1828 | 1878 | Feminist; war correspondent; writer; poet | [69] |
181 | 1801–1874 | Lucy Stone | United States | 1818 | 1893 | Orator, organizer of the first National Women's Rights Convention, founder of the Woman's Journal, and first recorded American woman to retain her surname after marriage | [26] |
182 | 1801–1874 | Emily Howard Stowe | Canada | 1831 | 1903 | Physician, advocate for women's inclusion in the medical professional community, founder of the Canadian Women's Suffrage Association | |
183 | 1801–1874 | Helena Swanwick | United Kingdom | 1864 | 1939 | Suffragette | |
184 | 1801–1874 | Frances Swiney | United Kingdom | 1847 | 1922 | Suffragette | |
185 | 1801–1874 | Táhirih | Iran | 1814/17 | 1852 | Bábí poet, theologian, and proponent of women's rights in 19th-century Iran | [13] |
186 | 1801–1874 | Caroline Testman | Denmark | 1839 | 1919 | Co-founder of the Dansk Kvindesamfund | |
187 | 1801–1874 | Martha Carey Thomas | United States | 1857 | 1935 | [24] | |
188 | 1801–1874 | Sybil Thomas, Viscountess Rhondda | United Kingdom | 1857 | 1941 | Suffragette | |
189 | 1801–1874 | Flora Tristan | France | 1803 | 1844 | Socialist feminist | [13] |
190 | 1801–1874 | Harriet Tubman | United States | 1820 | 1913 | First-wave feminist | [19] |
191 | 1801–1874 | Thorstein Veblen | United States | 1857 | 1929 | Economist; sociologist; male | [26] |
192 | 1801–1874 | Alice Vickery | United Kingdom | 1844 | 1929 | Physician, supporter of birth control as means of emancipation of women | [70] |
193 | 1801–1874 | Beatrice Webb | United Kingdom | 1858 | 1943 | Socialist feminist | |
194 | 1801–1874 | Ida B. Wells | United States | 1862 | 1931 | Civil rights and anti-lynching activist, suffragist noted for her refusal to avoid media attention because she was African American | |
195 | 1801–1874 | Anna Whitlock | Sweden | 1852 | 1930 | Feminist, suffragette; school pioneer, journalist | |
196 | 1801–1874 | Karolina Widerström | Sweden | 1856 | 1949 | Suffragette | |
197 | 1801–1874 | Frances Willard | United States | 1839 | 1898 | Suffragist and organizer | |
198 | 1801–1874 | Frances Willard | United States | 1839 | 1898 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
199 | 1801–1874 | Charlotte Wilson | United Kingdom | 1854 | 1944 | radical feminist | |
200 | 1801–1874 | Victoria Woodhull | United States | 1838 | 1927 | First-wave feminist; suffragist, organizer, innovator, first woman to run for U.S. presidency | [26][19] |
201 | 1801–1874 | Clara Zetkin | Germany | 1857 | 1933 | Socialist feminist | [26] |
202 | 1801–1874 | Frederick Douglass | United States | c. 1818 | 1895 | Male suffragist | [26] |
203 | 1801–1874 | Caroline Kauffmann | France | c. 1840s | 1924 | [24] | |
204 | 1801-1874 | Natalie Zahle | Denmark | 1827 | 1913 | Working for women's right to education. | [71] |
Late 19th-century and early 20th-century feminists
Born between 1875 and 1939.
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1875–1939 | Bella Abzug | United States | 1920 | 1998 | Second-wave feminist | [24] |
2 | 1875–1939 | Ángela Acuña Braun | Costa Rica | 1888 | 1983 | [24] | |
3 | 1875–1939 | Wim Hora Adema | Netherlands | 1914 | 1998 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist | [72] |
4 | 1875–1939 | Alan Alda | United States | 1936 | – | [73] | |
5 | 1875–1939 | Dolores Alexander | United States | 1931 | 2008 | Anti-pornography feminist | [74] |
6 | 1875–1939 | Maya Angelou | United States | 1928 | 2014 | Civil rights activist | [24] |
7 | 1875–1939 | Margery Corbett Ashby | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1981 | Suffragette | [25] |
8 | 1875–1939 | Ksenija Atanasijević | Serbia | 1894 | 1981 | Suffragette; philosopher; first PhD in a Serbian university | |
9 | 1875–1939 | Ti-Grace Atkinson | United States | 1938 | – | Second-wave feminist | [24][19][74] |
10 | 1875–1939 | Margaret Atwood | Canada | 1939 | – | Third-wave feminist | [24][19] |
11 | 1875–1939 | Helene Aylon | United States | 1931 | – | Ecofeminist | [19][74] |
12 | 1875–1939 | Eva Bacon | Australia | 1909 | 1994 | Feminist and Socialist | |
13 | 1875–1939 | Faith Bandler | Australia | 1918 | 2015 | Feminist and civil rights activist | |
14 | 1875–1939 | Lois W. Banner | United States | 1939 | – | ||
15 | 1875–1939 | Thelma Bate | Australia | 1904 | 1984 | Community leader, advocate for inclusion of Aboriginal women in Country Women's Association | |
16 | 1875–1939 | Mary Ritter Beard | United States | 1876 | 1958 | Feminist; historian | [26][24] |
17 | 1875–1939 | Joan Beauchamp | United Kingdom | 1890 | 1964 | Suffragette | |
18 | 1875–1939 | Kay Beauchamp | United Kingdom | 1899 | 1992 | ||
19 | 1875–1939 | Simone de Beauvoir | France | 1908 | 1986 | Second-wave feminist; philosopher; writer | [24][19] |
20 | 1875–1939 | Helen Bentwich | United Kingdom | 1892 | 1972 | [75] | |
21 | 1875–1939 | Rosa May Billinghurst | United Kingdom | 1875 | 1953 | Suffragette | [48] |
22 | 1875–1939 | Teresa Billington-Greig | United Kingdom | 1877 | 1964 | Suffragette | [48] |
23 | 1875–1939 | Elsie Bowerman | United Kingdom | 1889 | 1973 | Suffragette | [48] |
24 | 1875–1939 | Helen Gurley Brown | United States | 1922 | 2012 | Author of Sex and the Single Girl, long-time editor of Cosmopolitan | |
25 | 1875–1939 | Stella Browne | Canada | 1880 | 1955 | Socialist feminist | |
26 | 1875–1939 | Susan Brownmiller | United States | 1935 | – | Second-wave feminist ; anti-pornography feminist; radical feminist | [19][74] |
27 | 1875–1939 | Katherine Burdekin | United Kingdom | 1896 | 1963 | ||
28 | 1875–1939 | Lucy Burns | United States | 1879 | 1966 | Suffragette; suffragist and women's rights activist | |
29 | 1875–1939 | Karlyn Kohrs Campbell | United States | 1937 | – | [24] | |
30 | 1875–1939 | Clara Campoamor | Spain | 1888 | 1972 | [24] | |
31 | 1875–1939 | Luisa Capetillo | Puerto Rico | 1879 | 1922 | Puerto Rican labor union suffragette; jailed for wearing pants in public | [24] |
32 | 1875–1939 | Liz Carpenter | United States | 1920 | 2010 | ||
33 | 1875–1939 | Elvia Carrillo Puerto | Mexico | 1878 | 1967 | [24] | |
34 | 1875–1939 | Thérèse Casgrain | Canada | 1896 | 1981 | Second-wave feminist; suffragette; politician and senator, mostly active in Quebec | [24][19] |
35 | 1875–1939 | Jacqueline Ceballos | United States | 1925 | – | Founder of Veteran Feminists of America | [74] |
36 | 1875–1939 | Enid Charles | United Kingdom | 1894 | 1972 | radical feminist | |
37 | 1875–1939 | Shirley St Hill Chisholm | United States | 1924 | 2005 | Second-wave feminist | [24] |
38 | 1875–1939 | Hélène Cixous | France | 1937 | – | [24][19] | |
39 | 1875–1939 | Margaret "Gretta" Cousins | Ireland | 1878 | 1954 | Irish-Indian suffragist, established All India Women's Conference, co-founded Irish Women's Franchise League | |
40 | 1875–1939 | Eva Cox | Australia | 1938 | – | Sociologist; long-time member of the Women's Electoral Lobby | |
41 | 1875–1939 | Jill Craigie | United Kingdom | 1911 | 1999 | Socialist feminist | |
42 | 1875–1939 | Minnie Fisher Cunningham | United States | 1882 | 1964 | ||
43 | 1875–1939 | Hamid Dalwai | India | 1932 | 1977 | Socialist feminist | |
44 | 1875–1939 | Mary Daly | United States | 1928 | 2010 | Second-wave feminist; Ecofeminist | [19] |
45 | 1875–1939 | Sonja Davies | New Zealand | 1923 | 2005 | Second-wave feminist | |
46 | 1875–1939 | Barbara Deming | United States | 1917 | 1984 | ||
47 | 1875–1939 | Ezlynn Deraniyagala | Sri Lanka | 1908 | 1973 | [24] | |
48 | 1875–1939 | Jeanne Deroin | France | 1805 | 1894 | [24] | |
49 | 1875–1939 | Jeanne Deroin | France | 1805 | 1894 | [24] | |
50 | 1875–1939 | Betty Dodson | United States | 1929 | – | Third-wave feminist; sex-positive feminist | [74] |
51 | 1875–1939 | Sediqeh Dowlatabadi | Iran | 1882 | 1962 | Journalist and women's rights activist | |
52 | 1875–1939 | Carol Downer | United States | 1933 | – | Second-wave feminist; founder of women's self-help movement, feminist, author, health activist, attorney | [19] |
53 | 1875–1939 | Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz | United States | 1939 | – | Radical feminist | |
54 | 1875–1939 | Crystal Eastman | United States | 1881 | 1928 | Socialist feminist | |
55 | 1875–1939 | Françoise d'Eaubonne | France | 1920 | 2005 | Ecofeminist | [76] |
56 | 1875–1939 | Norah Elam | United Kingdom, Ireland | 1878 | 1961 | Radical feminist; suffragette | |
58 | 1875–1939 | Cynthia Enloe | United States | 1938 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
59 | 1875–1939 | Mohtaram Eskandari | Iran | 1895 | 1924 | Woman's rights activist, founder of "Jam'iat e nesvan e vatan-khah" (Society of Patriotic Women | |
60 | 1875–1939 | Vilma Espín | Cuba | 1930 | 2007 | [24] | |
61 | 1875–1939 | Elizabeth Evatt | Australia | 1933 | – | Legal reformist and juror; first Australian to be elected to the United Nations Human Rights Committee | |
62 | 1875–1939 | Myrlie Evers-Williams | United States | 1933 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
63 | 1875–1939 | Lidia Falcón | Spain | 1935 | – | [24] | |
64 | 1875–1939 | Frances Farrer | United Kingdom | 1895 | 1977 | ||
65 | 1875–1939 | Geraldine Ferraro | United States | 1935 | 2011 | [24] | |
66 | 1875–1939 | Ana Figuero | Chile | 1908 | 1970 | [24] | |
67 | 1875–1939 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn | United States | 1890 | 1964 | Socialist feminist; suffragette | |
68 | 1875–1939 | Elizabeth "Betty" Bloomer Ford | United States | 1918 | 2011 | Second-wave feminist | |
69 | 1875–1939 | Gerald Ford | United States | 1913 | 2006 | Second-wave feminist | |
70 | 1875–1939 | Miles Franklin | Australia | 1879 | 1954 | Feminist; writer | |
71 | 1875–1939 | Clara Fraser | United States | 1923 | 1998 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist | |
72 | 1875–1939 | Elisabeth Freeman | United States | 1876 | 1942 | Suffragist and civil rights activist, participated in the Suffrage Hikes | |
73 | 1875–1939 | Marilyn French | United States | 1929 | 2009 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist | [19] |
74 | 1875–1939 | Betty Friedan | United States | 1921 | 2006 | Second-wave feminist; writer | [19] |
75 | 1875–1939 | William Lloyd Garrison | United States | 1805 | 1879 | Abolitionist, journalist, organizer, advocate | [26] |
76 | 1875–1939 | Carol Gilligan | United States | 1936 | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
77 | 1875–1939 | Françoise Giroud | France | 1916 | 2003 | Journalist, writer, politician | [citation needed] |
78 | 1875–1939 | Judy Goldsmith | United States | 1938 | – | President of the National Organization for Women (NOW) from 1982 to 1985 | |
79 | 1875–1939 | Jane Goodall | United Kingdom | 1934 | – | ||
80 | 1875–1939 | Vivian Gornick | United States | 1935 | – | Radical feminist | [74] |
81 | 1875–1939 | Lois Gould | United States | 1931 | 2002 | ||
82 | 1875–1939 | Jane Grant | United States | 1892 | 1972 | ||
83 | 1875–1939 | Germaine Greer | Australia | 1939 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Socialist feminist; academic; author of The Female Eunuch | [19] |
84 | 1875–1939 | Colette Guillaumin | France | 1934 | – | ||
85 | 1875–1939 | Tahar Haddad | Tunisia | 1897 | 1935 | Muslim feminist | |
86 | 1875–1939 | Lizzy Lind af Hageby | Sweden | 1878 | 1963 | ||
87 | 1875–1939 | Charlotte Haldane | United Kingdom | 1894 | 1969 | ||
88 | 1875–1939 | Gisèle Halimi | France | 1927 | – | ||
89 | 1875–1939 | Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah | India | 1921 | 2000 | Muslim feminist | |
90 | 1875–1939 | Bertha Harris | United States | 1937 | 2005 | Second-wave feminist | |
91 | 1875–1939 | Caroline Haslett | United Kingdom | 1895 | 1957 | ||
92 | 1875–1939 | Dorothy Hewett | Australia | 1923 | 2002 | Second-wave feminist | |
93 | 1875–1939 | Julka Hlapec-Đorđević | Serbia | 1882 | 1969 | Suffragette; writer | [77] |
94 | 1875–1939 | Nicole Hollander | United States | 1939 | – | ||
95 | 1875–1939 | Pak Hon-yong | South Korea | 1900 | 1956 | ||
96 | 1875–1939 | Mary Howell | United States | 1932 | 1998 | ||
97 | 1875–1939 | Edith How-Martyn | United Kingdom | 1875 | 1954 | Suffragette | |
98 | 1875–1939 | Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim | Sudan | 1933 | – | Muslim feminist | |
99 | 1875–1939 | Fusae Ichikawa | Japan | 1893 | 1981 | [24] | |
100 | 1875–1939 | Luce Irigaray | France | 1930 | – | [19] | |
101 | 1875–1939 | Sonia Johnson | United States | 1936 | – | ||
102 | 1875–1939 | Jill Johnston | United States | 1929 | 2010 | ||
103 | 1875–1939 | Claudia Jones | United Kingdom, United States, Trinidad and Tobago | 1915 | 1964 | Suffragette | |
104 | 1875–1939 | Rosalie Gardiner Jones | United States | 1883 | 1978 | Organizer of the Suffrage Hikes | |
105 | 1875–1939 | Marie Juchacz | Germany | 1879 | 1956 | [78] | |
106 | 1875–1939 | Alicia Moreau de Justo | Argentina | 1885 | 1986 | Socialist feminist | [79] |
107 | 1875–1939 | Raden Adjeng Kartini | Indonesia | 1879 | 1904 | Muslim feminist; Javanese advocate for native Indonesian women, critic of polygamous marriages and lack of education opportunities for women | [24] |
108 | 1875–1939 | Shidzue Katō | Japan | 1897 | 2001 | Second-wave feminist | [24] |
109 | 1875–1939 | Aoua Kéita | Mali | 1912 | 1980 | ||
110 | 1875–1939 | Florynce Kennedy | United States | 1916 | 2000 | Second-wave feminist | |
111 | 1875–1939 | Annie Kenney | United Kingdom | 1879 | 1953 | Suffragette | |
112 | 1875–1939 | Yamakawa Kikue | Japan | 1890 | 1980 | Socialist feminist; anti-prostitution feminist | |
113 | 1875–1939 | Coretta Scott King | United States | 1927 | 2006 | Second-wave feminist | |
114 | 1875–1939 | Gerda Lerner | Austria | 1920 | 2013 | ||
115 | 1875–1939 | Audre Lorde | United States | 1934 | 1992 | Third-wave feminist | [24] |
116 | 1875–1939 | Mina Loy | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1966 | ||
117 | 1875–1939 | Rae Luckock | Canada | 1893 | 1972 | Socialist feminist | |
118 | 1875–1939 | Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda | United Kingdom | 1883 | 1958 | Suffragette | |
119 | 1875–1939 | Agnes Macphail | Canada | 1890 | 1954 | ||
120 | 1875–1939 | Dora Marsden | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1960 | ||
121 | 1875–1939 | Elizabeth Holloway Marston | United Kingdom | 1893 | 1993 | ||
122 | 1875–1939 | William Moulton Marston | United States | 1893 | 1947 | ||
123 | 1875–1939 | fr | France | 1937 | 2014 | Empress French feminist; material feminist | [19] |
124 | 1875–1939 | Else Mayer | Germany | 1891 | 1962 | First-wave feminist | [citation needed] |
125 | 1875–1939 | Carolyn Merchant | United States | 1936 | – | Ecofeminist | |
126 | 1875–1939 | Maria Mies | Germany | 1931 | – | Ecofeminist; professor of sociology and author | [80] |
127 | 1875–1939 | Inez Milholland | United States | 1886 | 1916 | Key participant in the National Woman's Party and the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 | |
128 | 1875–1939 | Kate Millett | United States | 1934 | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
129 | 1875–1939 | Laure Moghaizel | Lebanon | 1929 | 1997 | Lebanese lawyer and women's rights advocate | |
130 | 1875–1939 | Florence Nagle | United Kingdom | 1894 | 1988 | Feminist; first woman in Britain to officially train racehorses. | [81] |
131 | 1875–1939 | Diane Nash | United States | 1938 | – | 1960s Civil Rights Movement leader and organizer, voting rights proponent | |
132 | 1875–1939 | Malak Hifni Nasif | Egypt | 1886 | 1918 | Feminist writer | [82] |
133 | 1875–1939 | Anaïs Nin | United States, France | 1903 | 1977 | ||
134 | 1875–1939 | Helena Normanton | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1957 | ||
135 | 1875–1939 | Alexis Nour | Romania | 1877 | 1940 | ||
136 | 1875–1939 | Yoko Ono | United States, Japan | 1933 | – | ||
137 | 1875–1939 | Alicia Ostriker | United States | 1937 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
138 | 1875–1939 | Grace Paley | United States | 1922 | 2007 | ||
139 | 1875–1939 | Adela Pankhurst | United Kingdom | 1885 | 1961 | ||
140 | 1875–1939 | Christabel Pankhurst | United Kingdom | 1880 | 1958 | Suffragette; co-founder and leader of the Women's Social and Political Union | |
141 | 1875–1939 | Sylvia Pankhurst | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1960 | Suffragette | |
142 | 1875–1939 | Frances Parker | United Kingdom | 1875 | 1924 | ||
143 | 1875–1939 | Alice Paul | United States | 1885 | 1977 | Main strategist for the 1910s Women's Voting Rights Movement for the 19th Amendment.; founder of National Woman's Party, initiator of the Silent Sentinels and the 1913 Women's Suffrage Parade, author of the Equal Rights Amendment | |
144 | 1875–1939 | Eva Perón | Argentina | 1919 | 1952 | [13] | |
145 | 1875–1939 | Frédérique Petrides | United States, Belgium | 1903 | 1983 | Feminist; pioneering orchestral conductor, activist and editor of Women in Music, a series of periodicals chronicling the activities of women in music | |
146 | 1875–1939 | Marion Phillips | United Kingdom | 1881 | 1932 | Suffragette | |
147 | 1875–1939 | Sylvia Plath | United States | 1932 | 1963 | ||
148 | 1875–1939 | Letty Cottin Pogrebin | United States | 1939 | – | ||
149 | 1875–1939 | Eileen Powell | Australia | 1913 | 1997 | Trade unionist, women's activist and important contributor to the Equal Pay for Equal Work decision | |
150 | 1875–1939 | Millicent Preston-Stanley | Australia | 1883 | 1955 | First female member of the NSW Legislative Assembly; campaigned for the custodial rights of mothers in divorce and women's healthcare | |
151 | 1875–1939 | Lorine Livington Pruette | United States | 1896 | 1977 | ||
152 | 1875–1939 | Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti | Nigeria | 1900 | 1978 | Foremost Nigerian women's rights activist | |
153 | 1875–1939 | Claire Rayner | United Kingdom | 1931 | 2010 | ||
154 | 1875–1939 | Adrienne Rich | United States | 1929 | 2012 | ||
155 | 1875–1939 | Mary Richardson | United Kingdom | 1889 | 1961 | Suffragette | |
156 | 1875–1939 | Léa Roback | Canada | 1903 | 2000 | Feminist; workers' union activist tied with the communist party | |
157 | 1875–1939 | Hilary Rose | United Kingdom | 1935 | – | ||
158 | 1875–1939 | Agnes Maude Royden | United Kingdom | 1876 | 1956 | Suffragette | |
159 | 1875–1939 | Florence Rush | United States | 1918 | 2008 | ||
160 | 1875–1939 | Joanna Russ | United States | 1937 | 2011 | Second-wave feminist | |
161 | 1875–1939 | Diana E. H. Russell | South Africa | 1938 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist;anti-pornography feminist | |
162 | 1875–1939 | Dora Russell | United Kingdom | 1894 | 1986 | Feminist; progressive campaigner, advocate of marriage reform, birth control and female emancipation | |
163 | 1875–1939 | Manuel Sacristán | Spain | 1925 | 1985 | Socialist feminist | |
164 | 1875–1939 | Nawal el-Sadaawi | Egypt | 1931 | – | Muslim feminist | [24] |
165 | 1875–1939 | Idola Saint-Jean | Canada | 1880 | 1945 | Suffragette; journalist | |
166 | 1875–1939 | Celia Sánchez | Cuba | 1920 | 1980 | Early pioneer feminist | [19] |
167 | 1875–1939 | George Sand | France | 1804 | 1876 | Early pioneer feminist | [26][19] |
168 | 1875–1939 | Flora Sandes | United Kingdom | 1876 | 1956 | Feminist Sgt. Major in Serbian Army | |
169 | 1875–1939 | Margaret Sanger | United States | 1879 | 1966 | Socialist feminist; Founder of American Birth Control League; co-founder and long-time president of Planned Parenthood; writer, nurse | [26] |
170 | 1875–1939 | Milunka Savić | Serbia | 1888 | 1973 | First European combatant, soldier, feminist | |
171 | 1875–1939 | Barbara Seaman | United States | 1935 | 2008 | ||
172 | 1875–1939 | Baroness Seear | United Kingdom | 1913 | 1997 | ||
173 | 1875–1939 | Huda Shaarawi | Egypt | 1879 | 1947 | Muslim feminist; organizer for the Mubarrat Muhammad Ali (women's social service organization), the Union of Educated Egyptian Women and the Wafdist Women's Central Committee, founder and first president of the Egyptian Feminist Union | |
174 | 1875–1939 | Alix Kates Shulman | United States | 1932 | – | Radical feminist | |
175 | 1875–1939 | Ruth Simpson | United States | 1926 | 2008 | ||
176 | 1875–1939 | Monica Sjöö | Sweden | 1938 | 2005 | Ecofeminist | |
177 | 1875–1939 | Eleanor Smeal | United States | 1939 | – | Second-wave feminist; organizer, initiator, president of N.O.W., founder and president of the Feminist Majority Foundation | |
178 | 1875–1939 | Valerie Solanas | United States | 1936 | 1988 | Radical feminist | |
179 | 1875–1939 | Jo Spence | United Kingdom | 1934 | 1992 | ||
180 | 1875–1939 | Gloria Steinem | United States | 1934 | – | Second-wave feminist; Socialist feminist; radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist; writer | |
181 | 1875–1939 | Doris Stevens | United States | 1892 | 1963 | Organizer for National American Women Suffrage Association and the National Woman's Party, prominent Silent Sentinels participant, author Jailed for Freedom | |
182 | 1875–1939 | Marie Stopes | United Kingdom | 1880 | 1958 | ||
183 | 1875–1939 | Mary Stott | United Kingdom | 1907 | 2002 | ||
184 | 1875–1939 | Jessie Street | Australia | 1889 | 1970 | Suffragette, feminist; human rights campaigner; influential in labour rights and early days of UN | |
185 | 1875–1939 | Edith Summerskill, Baroness Summerskill | United Kingdom | 1901 | 1980 | ||
186 | 1875–1939 | Elisabeth Tamm | Sweden | 1880 | 1958 | ||
187 | 1875–1939 | Mavis Tate | United Kingdom | 1893 | 1947 | ||
188 | 1875–1939 | Joan Kennedy Taylor | United States | 1926 | 2005 | ||
189 | 1875–1939 | Renee Taylor | New Zealand | 1929 | – | Socialist feminist | |
190 | 1875–1939 | Tcheng Yu-hsiu | China | 1891 | 1959 | Revolutionary | |
191 | 1875–1939 | Rini Templeton | United States | 1935 | 1986 | Socialist feminist | |
192 | 1875–1939 | Dorothy Thompson | United States | 1893 | 1961 | Buffalo and New York suffragist, later an influential journalist and radio broadcaster | |
193 | 1875–1939 | Winifred Todhunter | United Kingdom | 1877 | 1961 | ||
194 | 1875–1939 | Jill Tweedie | United Kingdom | 1936 | 1993 | ||
195 | 1875–1939 | Mabel Vernon | United States | 1883 | 1975 | Suffragist, principal member of the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage, major organizer for the Silent Sentinels | |
196 | 1875–1939 | Harriet Shaw Weaver | United Kingdom | 1876 | 1961 | Suffragette | |
197 | 1875–1939 | Nesta Helen Webster | United Kingdom | 1876 | 1960 | ||
198 | 1875–1939 | Louise Weiss | France | 1893 | 1983 | Journalist, writer, politician | [83] |
199 | 1875–1939 | Trude Weiss-Rosmarin | United States, Germany | 1908 | 1989 | ||
200 | 1875–1939 | Clara Wichmann | Netherlands, Germany, | 1885 | 1922 | radical feminist | |
201 | 1875–1939 | Audrey Wise | United Kingdom | 1935 | 2000 | ||
202 | 1875–1939 | Monique Wittig | France | 1935 | 2003 | [84] | |
203 | 1875–1939 | Nellie Wong | United States | 1934 | – | Socialist feminist | |
204 | 1875–1939 | Virginia Woolf | United Kingdom | 1882 | 1941 | First-wave feminist | [26][19] |
205 | 1875–1939 | Molly Yard | United States | 1912 | 2005 | Second-wave feminist | |
206 | 1875–1939 | Rosalyn Baxandall | United States | 1939 | 2015 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; New York Radical Women | |
207 | 1875–1939 | Val Plumwood | Australia | 1939 | 2008 | Ecofeminism | [85] |
208 | 1875–1939 | Maria Svolou | Greece | 1890s | 1976 | Socialist feminist | [86] |
Mid to late 20th-century and notable 21st-century feminists
No. | Period (birth) | Name | Country | Born | Died | Comments | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1940-2024 | Lesley Abdela | United Kingdom | 1945 | – | Expert on women's rights and representation | [24] |
2 | 1940-2024 | Carol J. Adams | United States | 1951 | – | Ecofeminist | [87] |
3 | 1940-2024 | Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar | United Kingdom | 1944 | – | Muslim feminist, professor of politics and women's studies, member of the British House of Lords | [88] |
4 | 1940-2024 | Leila Ahmed | Egypt | 1940 | – | Writer on Islam Islamic feminism | [89] |
5 | 1940-2024 | Widad Akrawi | Denmark | 1969 | – | Writer and doctor, advocate for gender equality and women's empowerment and participation in peace building and post-conflict governance | [90] |
6 | 1940-2024 | Linda Martín Alcoff | United States | 1955 | – | Philosopher at the City University of New York | [91] |
7 | 1940-2024 | Ayaan Hirsi Ali | United States, Netherlands, Somalia, | 1969 | – | Somali-Dutch feminist and atheist activist, writer and politician | [92] |
8 | 1940-2024 | Pam Allen | United States | 1943 | – | A founder of New York Radical Women | [93] |
9 | 1940-2024 | Isabel Allende | Chile, United States | 1942 | – | Writer | [94] |
10 | 1940-2024 | Jane Alpert | United States | 1947 | – | Radical feminist | [95] |
11 | 1940-2024 | Tori Amos | United States | 1963 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
12 | 1940-2024 | Gloria E. Anzaldúa | United States | 1942 | 2004 | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
13 | 1940-2024 | Maria Arbatova | USSR | 1957 | – | ||
14 | 1940-2024 | Parvin Ardalan | Iran | 1967 | – | Women's rights activist | |
16 | 1940-2024 | Élisabeth Badinter | France | 1944 | – | Dissident | [96][97] |
17 | 1940-2024 | Judi Bari | United States | 1949 | 1997 | Ecofeminist | [19] |
18 | 1940-2024 | Kathleen Barry | United States | 1941 | – | Anti-prostitution feminist | |
19 | 1940-2024 | Benedetta Barzini | Italy | 1943 | – | Radical feminist | |
20 | 1940-2024 | Jennifer Baumgardner | United States | 1970 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
22 | 1940-2024 | Alison Bechdel | United States | 1960 | – | ||
23 | 1940-2024 | Melissa Benn | United Kingdom | 1957 | – | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
24 | 1940-2024 | Lorraine Bethel | United States | 20th century | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
25 | 1940-2024 | Lauran Bethell | United States | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist | |
26 | 1940-2024 | Julie Bindel | United Kingdom | 1962 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
27 | 1940-2024 | Lóa Björk Björnsdóttir | Iceland | 1993 | – | Third-wave feminist | [citation needed] |
28 | 1940-2024 | Sandra Bloodworth | Australia | 20th century | – | Labour historian, socialist activist, co-founder of the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative, editor of Marxist Left Review | |
29 | 1940-2024 | Rosie Boycott | United Kingdom | 1951 | – | ||
30 | 1940-2024 | María Elísabet Bragadóttir | Iceland | 1993 | – | Third-wave feminist | [citation needed] |
31 | 1940-2024 | Hörður Tryggvi Bragason | Iceland | 1997 | – | Third-wave feminist; radical feminist; cyberfeminist; anti-pornography feminist | [citation needed] |
32 | 1940-2024 | Dionne Brand | Canada | 1953 | – | ||
33 | 1940-2024 | Giannina Braschi | Puerto Rico | 1953 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
34 | 1940-2024 | Johanna Brenner | United States | 1942 | – | Socialist feminist | |
35 | 1940-2024 | Susie Bright | United States | 1958 | – | Third-wave feminist; sex-positive feminism | [19] |
36 | 1940-2024 | Flora Brovina | Kosovo | 1949 | – | ||
37 | 1940-2024 | Rita Mae Brown | United States | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings | [74] |
38 | 1940-2024 | Carrie Brownstein | United States | 1974 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
39 | 1940-2024 | Tammy Bruce | United States | 1962 | – | Dissident feminist | [19] |
40 | 1940-2024 | Charlotte Bunch | United States | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
41 | 1940-2024 | Louise Burfitt-Dons | United Kingdom | 1953 | – | Conservative feminist | |
42 | 1940-2024 | Judith Butler | United States | 1956 | – | Third-wave feminist | [24][19] |
43 | 1940-2024 | Octavia Butler | United States | 1947 | 2006 | ||
44 | 1940-2024 | Lydia Cacho | Mexico | 1963 | – | ||
45 | 1940-2024 | Beatrix Campbell | United Kingdom | 1947 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
46 | 1940-2024 | Angela Carter | United Kingdom | 1940 | 1992 | Socialist feminist | [24] |
47 | 1940-2024 | Ana Castillo | United States | 1953 | – | ||
48 | 1940-2024 | Phyllis Chesler | United States | 1940 | – | Feminist author, professor | [74] |
49 | 1940-2024 | Margaret Cho | United States | 1968 | – | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
50 | 1940-2024 | Nancy Chodorow | United States | 1944 | – | [24] | |
51 | 1940-2024 | D. A. Clarke | United States | 20th century | – | Radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist | [19] |
52 | 1940-2024 | Mary Clark-Glass | United Kingdom | 20th century | – | ||
53 | 1940-2024 | Hillary Clinton | United States | 1947 | – | ||
54 | 1940-2024 | Carol Cohn | United States | 20th century | – | Gender and armed conflict | |
55 | 1940-2024 | Susan G. Cole | Canada | 1952 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
56 | 1940-2024 | Patricia Hill Collins | United States | 1948 | – | Third-wave feminist; Black feminist | |
57 | 1940-2024 | Sandra Coney | New Zealand | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
58 | 1940-2024 | Noreen Connell | United States | 1947 | – | radical feminist | |
59 | 1940-2024 | Rosalind Coward | United Kingdom | 1952 | – | ||
60 | 1940-2024 | Bernadette Cozart | United States | 1949 | 2009 | Ecofeminist | [19] |
61 | 1940-2024 | Nikki Craft | United States | 1949 | – | Radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist; suffragist; one of the main organizers of the Suffrage Hikes | [19] |
62 | 1940-2024 | Jean Curthoys | Australia | 1947 | – | Dissident | [19] |
63 | 1940-2024 | Kimberly Dark | United States | 1968 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
64 | 1940-2024 | Françoise David | Canada | 1948 | – | Feminist; politician | |
65 | 1940-2024 | Angela Davis | United States | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist; Black feminist | [19] |
66 | 1940-2024 | Martha Davis | United States | 1957 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
67 | 1940-2024 | Heather Dean | United States, Canada | 20th century | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
68 | 1940-2024 | Christine Delphy | France | 1941 | – | Socialist feminist; material feminist | [98] |
69 | 1940-2024 | Julie Delpy | France | 1969 | – | [citation needed] | |
71 | 1940-2024 | Mark Dery | United States | 1959 | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
72 | 1940-2024 | Ani DiFranco | United States | 1970 | – | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
73 | 1940-2024 | Gail Dines | United Kingdom | c. 1958 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
74 | 1940-2024 | Fatou Diome | Senegal | 1968 | – | ||
76 | 1940-2024 | Unity Dow | Botswana | 1959 | – | Judge and writer; plaintiff in a case that allowed children of Motswana women and foreign men to be considered Batswana | |
77 | 1940-2024 | Danica Draskovic | Serbia | 1945 | – | Politician; writer | [citation needed] |
78 | 1940-2024 | Donna Dresch | United States | 20th century | – | Third-wave feminist; Riot grrrl | |
79 | 1940-2024 | Carol Ann Duffy | United Kingdom | 1955 | – | ||
80 | 1940-2024 | Stephen Durham | United States | 1947 | – | Socialist feminist | |
81 | 1940-2024 | Andrea Dworkin | United States | 1946 | 2005 | Radical feminist ; anti-prostitution feminist; anti-pornography feminist | [19][99] |
82 | 1940-2024 | Shirin Ebadi | Iran | 1947 | – | Muslim feminist; activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner for her efforts for the rights of women and children | |
83 | 1940-2024 | Barbara Ehrenreich | United States | 1941 | – | Socialist feminist | |
84 | 1940-2024 | Gunilla Ekberg | Sweden | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist | |
85 | 1940-2024 | Engy Ghozlan | Egypt | 1985 | – | Coordinator of campaigns against sexual harassment in Egypt | |
86 | 1940-2024 | Bracha L. Ettinger | Israel | 1948 | – | ||
87 | 1940-2024 | Susan Faludi | United States | 1959 | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
88 | 1940-2024 | Fadia Faqir | United Kingdom, Jordan | 1956 | – | ||
89 | 1940-2024 | Melissa Farley | United States | 1942 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist | [19] |
90 | 1940-2024 | Johanna Fateman | United States | 1974 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
91 | 1940-2024 | Kathy Ferguson | United States | 1950 | – | Individualist feminist | [19] |
92 | 1940-2024 | Shulamith Firestone | Canada | 1945 | 2012 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Feminists; New York Radical Women | [19] |
93 | 1940-2024 | Mary Flanagan | United States | 20th century | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
94 | 1940-2024 | Jo Freeman, Joreen | United States | 1945 | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
95 | 1940-2024 | Juliette Fretté | United Kingdom | 1983 | – | Sex-positive feminist | |
96 | 1940-2024 | Marilyn Frye | United States | 1941 | – | ||
97 | 1940-2024 | Lindsey German | United Kingdom | 1951 | – | ||
98 | 1940-2024 | Tavi Gevinson | United States | 1996 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
99 | 1940-2024 | Lois Marie Gibbs | United States | 1951 | – | Ecofeminist | |
100 | 1940-2024 | Stan Goff | United States | 1951 | – | Socialist feminist | |
101 | 1940-2024 | Lucy Goodison | United Kingdom | c. 1940s | – | ||
102 | 1940-2024 | Heide Göttner-Abendroth | Germany | 1941 | – | Second-wave feminist | [100] |
103 | 1940-2024 | Susan Griffin | United States | 1943 | – | Ecofeminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
104 | 1940-2024 | Emily Haines | Canada | 1974 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
105 | 1940-2024 | Daphne Hampson | United Kingdom | 1944 | – | ||
106 | 1940-2024 | Carol Hanisch | United States | 20th century | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Women | [19] |
107 | 1940-2024 | Kathleen Hanna | United States | 1968 | – | Third-wave feminist; riot grrrl | |
108 | 1940-2024 | Donna Haraway | United States | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist; Socialist feminist | [19] |
109 | 1940-2024 | Nancy Hartsock | United States | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
110 | 1940-2024 | Rosemary Hennessy | United States | 1950 | – | Material feminist | |
111 | 1940-2024 | Shere Hite | Germany | 1942 | – | ||
112 | 1940-2024 | Sarah Hoagland | United States | 20th century | – | Anti-pornography feminist | [101] |
113 | 1940-2024 | Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel | Philippines | 1966 | – | Filipina women's right activist Philippines | |
114 | 1940-2024 | 'bell hooks' Gloria Jean Watkins | United States | 1952 | – | Third-wave feminist; Socialist feminist; Black feminist | [19] |
115 | 1940-2024 | Gillian Howie | United Kingdom | 1955 | 2013 | ||
116 | 1940-2024 | Donna M. Hughes | United States | 1954 | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
117 | 1940-2024 | Holly Hunter | United States | 1958 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
118 | 1940-2024 | Anna Hutsol | UKR | 1984 | – | FEMEN | |
119 | 1940-2024 | Luzviminda Ilagan | Philippines | 20th century | – | Socialist feminist | |
120 | 1940-2024 | Stevi Jackson | United Kingdom | 1951 | – | Material feminist | |
121 | 1940-2024 | Karla Jay | United States | 1947 | – | ||
122 | 1940-2024 | Sheila Jeffreys | Australia | 1948 | – | Second-wave feminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
123 | 1940-2024 | Robert Jensen | United States | 1958 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
124 | 1940-2024 | Joan Jett | United States | 1958 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
125 | 1940-2024 | Claire Johnston | United Kingdom | 1940 | 1987 | ||
126 | 1940-2024 | Miranda July | United States | 1974 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
127 | 1940-2024 | Mohja Kahf | Syria | 1967 | – | Muslim feminist | |
128 | 1940-2024 | Sheema Kalbasi | Iran | 1972 | – | Writer and advocate for human rights and gender equality | |
129 | 1940-2024 | Wendy Kaminer | United States | 1949 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
130 | 1940-2024 | Marcelle Karp | United States | 1962 | – | Third-wave feminist; sex-positive feminist | |
132 | 1940-2024 | Jamie Keiles | United States | 1992 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
133 | 1940-2024 | Lierre Keith | United States | 1964 | – | Anti-pornography feminist; Radical feminist | |
134 | 1940-2024 | Petra Kelly | Germany | 1947 | 1992 | Ecofeminist | [24] |
135 | 1940-2024 | Carol Keyes | United States | 20th century | – | Radical feminist | [19] |
136 | 1940-2024 | Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani | Iran | 20th century | – | Muslim feminist | |
137 | 1940-2024 | Jean Kilbourne | United States | 1943 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
138 | 1940-2024 | Grace Ji-Sun Kim | United States, South Korea | 1969 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
139 | 1940-2024 | Sirje Kingsepp | Estonia | 1969 | – | Socialist feminist | |
140 | 1940-2024 | Barbara Kingsolver | United States | 1955 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
141 | 1940-2024 | Bonnie Sherr Klein | United States | 1941 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
142 | 1940-2024 | Naomi Klein | Canada | 1970 | – | Socialist feminist | |
143 | 1940-2024 | Anne Koedt | United States | 1941 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Feminists; New York Radical Women | |
144 | 1940-2024 | Andrew Kooman | Canada | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
145 | 1940-2024 | Peggy Kornegger | United States | 20th century | – | ||
146 | 1940-2024 | Elaheh Koulaei | Iran | 20th century | – | Muslim feminist | |
147 | 1940-2024 | Sunitha Krishnan | India | 1972 | – | Indian social activist and chief functionary and co-founder of Prajwala, an institution that assists trafficked women, girls and transgender people in finding shelter, giving education and employment | |
148 | 1940-2024 | Julia Kristeva | France, Bulgaria | 1941 | – | [19] | |
149 | 1940-2024 | Winona LaDuke | United States | 1959 | – | Ecofeminist | [13] |
150 | 1940-2024 | Donna Laframboise | Canada | 20th century | – | Dissident feminist | [19] |
151 | 1940-2024 | Laura Lederer | United States | 1951 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
152 | 1940-2024 | Dorchen Leidholdt | United States | 20th century | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
153 | 1940-2024 | John Lennon | United Kingdom | 1940 | 1980 | ||
154 | 1940-2024 | Barbara Leon | United States | 20th century | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings | [102] |
155 | 1940-2024 | Ellie Levenson | United Kingdom | 1978 | – | ||
156 | 1940-2024 | Ariel Levy | United States | 1974 | – | Third-wave feminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
157 | 1940-2024 | Olga Lipovskaya | Russia | 1954 | – | [24] | |
158 | 1940-2024 | Jacqueline Livingston | United States | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
159 | 1940-2024 | Sara Hlupekile Longwe | Zambia | 20th century | – | radical feminist | |
160 | 1940-2024 | Linda Lovelace | United States | 1949 | 2002 | Anti-pornography feminist | |
161 | 1940-2024 | Wangari Maathai | Kenya | 1940 | 2011 | Ecofeminist | |
162 | 1940-2024 | Catharine MacKinnon | United States | 1946 | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
163 | 1940-2024 | Madonna | United States | 1958 | – | sex-positive feminist | |
164 | 1940-2024 | Patricia Mainardi | United States | 20th century | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Women | [24] |
165 | 1940-2024 | Sara Maitland | United Kingdom | 1950 | – | ||
166 | 1940-2024 | Catherine Malabou | France | 1959 | – | ||
167 | 1940-2024 | Rosie Malek-Yonan | Iran | 1965 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
168 | 1940-2024 | Irshad Manji | Canada | 1968 | – | Muslim feminist | |
169 | 1940-2024 | Soe Tjen Marching | Indonesia | 1971 | – | ||
170 | 1940-2024 | Amanda Marcotte | United States | 1977 | – | ||
172 | 1940-2024 | Mirjana Marković | Serbia | 1942 | – | Politician; writer | |
173 | 1940-2024 | Angela Mason | United Kingdom | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
174 | 1940-2024 | Liza Maza | Philippines | 1957 | – | Socialist feminist | |
175 | 1940-2024 | Susan McClary | United States | 1946 | – | ||
176 | 1940-2024 | Wendy McElroy | Canada | 1951 | – | ||
177 | 1940-2024 | Patricia McFadden | Swaziland | 1952 | – | Radical feminist | |
178 | 1940-2024 | Jamie McIntosh | Canada | 20th century | – | Lawyer and women's rights activist | |
179 | 1940-2024 | Niamh McLoughlin | United States | 21st century | – | Third-wave feminist | [citation needed] |
180 | 1940-2024 | Angela McRobbie | United Kingdom | 1951 | – | ||
181 | 1940-2024 | Page Mellish | United States | 20th century | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
182 | 1940-2024 | Rigoberta Menchu | Guatemala | 1959 | – | [24] | |
183 | 1940-2024 | Fatima Mernissi | Morocco | 1940 | – | Muslim feminist | |
184 | 1940-2024 | Juliet Mitchell | United Kingdom | 1940 | – | Socialist feminist | |
185 | 1940-2024 | Hayao Miyazaki | Japan | 1941 | – | Socialist feminist | |
186 | 1940-2024 | Tracey Moberly | United Kingdom | 1964 | – | ||
187 | 1940-2024 | Maxine Molyneux | United Kingdom | 1948 | – | ||
188 | 1940-2024 | Carol Moore | United States | 20th century | – | Individualist feminist; radical libertarian | [19][99] |
189 | 1940-2024 | Honor Moore | United States | 20th century | – | ||
190 | 1940-2024 | Cherríe Moraga | United States | 1952 | – | ||
191 | 1940-2024 | Caitlin Moran | United Kingdom | 1975 | – | ||
192 | 1940-2024 | Robin Morgan | United States | 1941 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist; New York Radical Women | [99] |
193 | 1940-2024 | Laura Mulvey | United Kingdom | 1941 | – | ||
194 | 1940-2024 | Sally Rowena Munt | United Kingdom | 20th century | – | ||
195 | 1940-2024 | Jenni Murray | United Kingdom | 1950 | – | ||
196 | 1940-2024 | Inga Muscio | United States | c. 1966 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
197 | 1940-2024 | Kathy Najimy | United States | 1957 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
198 | 1940-2024 | Suniti Namjoshi | India | 1941 | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
199 | 1940-2024 | Taslima Nasrin | Bangladesh | 1962 | – | Feminist of Muslim origin | |
200 | 1940-2024 | Benjamin Nolot | United States | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist | |
201 | 1940-2024 | Asra Nomani | India | 1965 | – | Muslim feminist | |
202 | 1940-2024 | Martha Nussbaum | United States | 1947 | – | ||
203 | 1940-2024 | Ann Oakley | United Kingdom | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
204 | 1940-2024 | Sandra Oh | Canada, United States | 1971 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
205 | 1940-2024 | Lars Ohly | Sweden | 1957 | – | Socialist feminist | |
206 | 1940-2024 | Terry O'Neill | United States | c. 1953 | – | ||
207 | 1940-2024 | Ellen Page | Canada | 1987 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
208 | 1940-2024 | Camille Paglia | United States | 1947 | – | Dissident feminist | [19] |
209 | 1940-2024 | Amanda Palmer | United States | 1976 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
210 | 1940-2024 | Carole Pateman | United Kingdom | 1940 | – | ||
211 | 1940-2024 | Nancy Paterson | United States | 1953 | 2010 | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
212 | 1940-2024 | Peaches | Canada | 1966 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
213 | 1940-2024 | Vesna Pešić | Serbia | 1940 | – | Feminist; diplomat; politician | |
214 | 1940-2024 | Irene Peslikis | United States | 1943 | 2002 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Women | |
215 | 1940-2024 | Liz Phair | United States | 1967 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
216 | 1940-2024 | Mary Pipher | United States | 1947 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
218 | 1940-2024 | Katha Pollitt | United States | 1949 | – | ||
219 | 1940-2024 | Griselda Pollock | Canada | 1949 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
220 | 1940-2024 | Soraya Post | Sweden | 1956 | – | ||
221 | 1940-2024 | Anastasia Powell | Australia | 1982 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
222 | 1940-2024 | Sharon Presley | United States | 1943 | – | Individualist feminist | [19] |
223 | 1940-2024 | Jerilynn Prior | Canada | 20th century | – | ||
224 | 1940-2024 | Maria Raha | United States | 1972 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
225 | 1940-2024 | Janice Raymond | United States | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist; anti-prostitution feminist | |
226 | 1940-2024 | Bernice Johnson Reagon | United States | 1942 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
227 | 1940-2024 | Helen Reddy | United States, Australia, | 1941 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
228 | 1940-2024 | Elizabeth Anne Reid | Australia | 1942 | – | World's first advisor on women's affairs to a head of state (Labour Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and active on women's development for the UN; also prominent in HIV activism | |
229 | 1940-2024 | Abby Rockefeller | United States | 1943 | – | Radical feminist | |
230 | 1940-2024 | Ninotchka Rosca | Philippines | 1946 | – | Socialist feminist | |
231 | 1940-2024 | Jacqueline Rose | United Kingdom | 1949 | – | ||
232 | 1940-2024 | Sheila Rowbotham | United Kingdom | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
233 | 1940-2024 | Gayle Rubin | United States | 1949 | – | Sex-positive feminist; Queer theorist | |
234 | 1940-2024 | Kathy Rudy | United States | 20th century | – | Ecofeminist | |
235 | 1940-2024 | Shadi Sadr | Iran | 1975 | – | Women's rights activist | |
236 | 1940-2024 | Gita Sahgal | United Kingdom, India | 1956/7 | – | ||
237 | 1940-2024 | Sarojini Sahoo | India | 1956 | – | ||
238 | 1940-2024 | JD Samson | United States | 1978 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
239 | 1940-2024 | Michael Sandel | United States | 1953 | – | ||
240 | 1940-2024 | Justin Sane | United States, Ireland | 1973 | – | Socialist feminist | |
241 | 1940-2024 | Thomas Sankara | Burkina Faso | 1949 | 1987 | ||
242 | 1940-2024 | Kathie Sarachild | United States | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Women | |
243 | 1940-2024 | Anita Sarkeesian | United States, Canada | c. 1984 | – | ||
244 | 1940-2024 | Marjane Satrapi | France, Iran | 1969 | – | Muslim feminist | [103] |
245 | 1940-2024 | Marie-Laure Sauty de Chalon | France | 1962 | – | Third-wave feminist | [citation needed] |
246 | 1940-2024 | Alice Schwarzer | Germany | 1942 | – | Second-wave feminist; anti-pornography feminist; journalist and publisher of the magazine "Emma" | |
247 | 1940-2024 | Gudrun Schyman | Sweden | 1948 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
248 | 1940-2024 | Lynne Segal | Australia | 1944 | – | Second-wave feminist; Socialist feminist | |
249 | 1940-2024 | Shamima Shaikh | South Africa | 1960 | 1998 | South African activist, member of the Muslim Youth Movement of South Africa, proponent of Islamic gender equality | |
250 | 1940-2024 | Shahla Sherkat | Iran | 1956 | – | Muslim feminist; journalist | |
251 | 1940-2024 | Vandana Shiva | India | 1952 | – | Ecofeminist | |
252 | 1940-2024 | Elaine Showalter | United States | 1941 | – | ||
253 | 1940-2024 | Agnes de Silva | Sri Lanka | 20th century | – | [24] | |
254 | 1940-2024 | Ann Simonton | United States | 1952 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
255 | 1940-2024 | Carol Smart | United Kingdom | 1948 | – | ||
256 | 1940-2024 | Barbara Smith | United States | 1946 | – | ||
257 | 1940-2024 | Joan Smith | United Kingdom | 1953 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
258 | 1940-2024 | Valerie Smith | Canada | 20th century | – | Anti-pornography feminist | |
259 | 1940-2024 | Kate Smurthwaite | United Kingdom | 1975 | – | ||
260 | 1940-2024 | Cornelia Sollfrank | Germany | 1960 | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
261 | 1940-2024 | Patricia Soltysik | United States | 1950 | 1974 | Radical feminist | |
262 | 1940-2024 | Christina Hoff Sommers | United States | 1950 | – | Dissident | [19] |
263 | 1940-2024 | Kate Soper | United Kingdom | 1943 | – | ||
264 | 1940-2024 | Donita Sparks | United States | 1963 | – | Third-wave feminist; Riot grrrl | |
265 | 1940-2024 | Dale Spender | Australia | 1943 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
266 | 1940-2024 | Charlene Spretnak | United States | 1946 | – | Ecofeminist | |
267 | 1940-2024 | Annie Sprinkle | United States | 1954 | – | Third-wave feminist; Sex-positive feminist | |
268 | 1940-2024 | Starhawk | United States | 1951 | – | Ecofeminist | |
269 | 1940-2024 | Patrick Stewart | United Kingdom | 1940 | – | Socialist feminist | |
270 | 1940-2024 | Debbie Stoller | United States | 20th century | – | Third-wave feminist; sex-positive feminist | |
271 | 1940-2024 | John Stoltenberg | United States | 1945 | – | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; anti-pornography feminist | |
272 | 1940-2024 | Nadine Strossen | United States | 1950 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
273 | 1940-2024 | Lucy Suchman | United Kingdom | 20th century | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
274 | 1940-2024 | Anne Summers | Australia | 1945 | – | Women's rights activist; women's advisor to Labour Prime Minister Paul Keating and editor of Ms. magazine (New York) | |
275 | 1940-2024 | Karlina Leksono Supelli | Indonesia | 1958 | – | ||
276 | 1940-2024 | Helen Sworn | United Kingdom | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist | |
277 | 1940-2024 | Kazimiera Szczuka | Poland | 1966 | – | ||
278 | 1940-2024 | Lili Taylor | United States | 1967 | – | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
279 | 1940-2024 | J. Ann Tickner | United States | 20th century | – | ||
280 | 1940-2024 | Roya Toloui | Iran | 1966 | – | Women's rights activist | |
281 | 1940-2024 | Corin Tucker | United States | 1972 | – | Third-wave feminist | [19] |
282 | 1940-2024 | Robin Tunney | United States | 1972 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
283 | 1940-2024 | Urvashi Vaid | United States, India | 1958 | – | ||
284 | 1940-2024 | Tobi Vail | United States | 1969 | – | Third-wave feminist; Riot grrrl | |
285 | 1940-2024 | Jessica Valenti | United States | 1978 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
286 | 1940-2024 | Norah Vincent | United States | 1968 | – | Dissident feminist | [19] |
287 | 1940-2024 | Kajsa Wahlberg | Sweden | 20th century | – | Anti-prostitution feminist; Sweden's national rapporteur on human trafficking opposition activities | |
288 | 1940-2024 | Hilary Wainwright | United Kingdom | 1949 | – | Second-wave feminist; Socialist feminist | |
289 | 1940-2024 | Alice Walker | United States | 1944 | – | radical feminist; Black feminist | |
290 | 1940-2024 | Rebecca Walker | United States | 1969 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
291 | 1940-2024 | Michele Wallace | United States | 1952 | – | Second-wave feminist | |
292 | 1940-2024 | Natasha Walter | United Kingdom | 1967 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
293 | 1940-2024 | Peng Wan-ru | Taiwan | 1949 | 1996 | ||
294 | 1940-2024 | Warcry | United States | 20th century | – | Radical feminist | |
295 | 1940-2024 | Joss Whedon | United States | 1964 | – | Radical feminist; male feminist | [104][105] |
296 | 1940-2024 | Faith Wilding | United States, Paraguay | 1943 | – | Third-wave feminist; cyberfeminist | |
297 | 1940-2024 | Ellen Willis | United States | 1941 | 2006 | Second-wave feminist; radical feminist; sex-positive feminist; Redstockings; New York Radical Women | |
298 | 1940-2024 | Kaia Wilson | United States | 20th century | – | Third-wave feminist | |
299 | 1940-2024 | Oprah Winfrey | United States | 1954 | – | Second-wave feminist | [19] |
300 | 1940-2024 | Valerie Wise | United Kingdom | 1955 | – | ||
301 | 1940-2024 | Naomi Wolf | United States | 1962 | – | Dissident feminist; Third-wave feminist | [19] |
302 | 1940-2024 | Allison Wolfe | United States | 1969 | – | Third-wave feminist | |
303 | 1940-2024 | Alice Wolfson | United States | 20th century | – | ||
304 | 1940-2024 | Elizabeth Wurtzel | United States | 1967 | – | ||
305 | 1940-2024 | Cathy Young | United States, Russia | 1963 | – | [106] | |
306 | 1940-2024 | Stasa Zajovic | Serbia | 1953 | – | Co-founder and coordinator of Women in Black | [107] |
307 | 1940-2024 | Sande Zeig | United States | 20th century | – | [108] | |
308 | 1940-2024 | Julie Zeilinger | United States | 1993 | – | Third-wave feminist | [109] |
309 | 1940-2024 | Misako Enoki | Japan | 1945 | – | Second-wave feminist | [110] |
310 | 1940-2024 | Virginia Vargas | Peru | 1945 | – | [111] | |
311 | 1940-2015 | John Green | United States | 1977 | - | [112] | |
312 | 1940-2015 | John Scalzi | United States | 1969 | - | [113] |
See also
- List of conservative feminisms
- Women's suffrage
- Suffragettes
- First-wave feminists
- Second-wave feminists
- Third-wave feminists
- Radical feminism
- List of suffragists and suffragettes
- List of women's rights activists
- Redstockings
- New York Radical Feminists
- New York Radical Women
- Sex-positive feminism
- Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries
- Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)
- Timeline of women's suffrage
- Riot grrrl
- Anti-pornography feminism
- Anti-prostitution feminism
- Ecofeminism
- French feminism
- Islamic feminists
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. English translation.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Pdf.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Online.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Online.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Preview.
- ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50 19.51 19.52 19.53 19.54 19.55 19.56 19.57 19.58 19.59 19.60 19.61 19.62 19.63 19.64 19.65 19.66 19.67 19.68 19.69 19.70 19.71 19.72 19.73 19.74 19.75 19.76 19.77 19.78 19.79 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 24.20 24.21 24.22 24.23 24.24 24.25 24.26 24.27 24.28 24.29 24.30 24.31 24.32 24.33 24.34 24.35 24.36 24.37 24.38 24.39 24.40 24.41 24.42 24.43 24.44 24.45 24.46 24.47 24.48 24.49 24.50 24.51 24.52 24.53 24.54 24.55 24.56 24.57 24.58 24.59 24.60 24.61 24.62 24.63 24.64 24.65 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 26.14 26.15 26.16 26.17 26.18 26.19 26.20 26.21 26.22 26.23 26.24 26.25 26.26 26.27 26.28 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 48.7 48.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2003 (reprint). Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1929, 1931, 1935, Politico's, London. ISBN 1-84275-033-X
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 74.4 74.5 74.6 74.7 74.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Martin Mulligan, Stuart Hill, Ecological Pioneers, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 274–300.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Pdf.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ISBN 9780006552321
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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