List of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). It only includes those who were specifically accredited as such, as opposed to writers who later wrote of their experiences, including Gustav Regler, George Orwell, and so on.
Foreign press coverage of the war was extensive, with around a thousand foreign newspaper correspondents working from Spain.[1]
Some journalists wrote for more than one newspaper and several papers had more than one journalist in Spain at the same time or at different times. In some cases, they were already seasoned war correspondents when they went to Spain. A few of them, such as Jay Allen, were already living in Spain when war broke out, and some of them, again like Allen, who wrote at various times for the Chicago Daily Tribune, News Chronicle, and The New York Times, wrote for more than one paper.
While some correspondents supported the rebel cause,[1] most notably William Carney, Edward Knoblaugh and Herbert Knickerbocker, according to the Hispanist Paul Preston, "The bulk of the reporters became so committed to the Republic, partly because of the horrible things they saw such as the bombing of civilians, but even more so because they felt that what was going on in Spain was everybody's fight."[2]
A case in point was that of Louis Delaprée, a Catholic correspondent sent to cover the rebel zone for Paris-Soir, who was killed as a result of his plane being shot down on his way back to Paris, furious at his newspaper not publishing his articles, as it clearly considered the "massacre of a hundred Spanish children is less interesting than a sigh from Mrs Simpson."[3]
Another, even more Catholic, correspondent was Noel Monks, an Australian journalist for the Daily Express, who had initially been sympathetic to Franco, wrote critically of the "so-called British experts" who would later visit Guernica and "deliver pompous judgements: 'Guernica was set on fire by the Reds,' My answer to them is unprintable... If the 'Reds' had destroyed Guernica, I for one could have blown the whole story... And how I would have blown it had it been true!"[4]
A
- Barbro Alving (Bang) - Dagens Nyheter[5]
- Jay Allen[2] - the Chicago Tribune and News Chronicle[6]
B
- Sam Baron - Socialist Call[7]
- Vernon Bartlett - News Chronicle[1]
- Georges Berniard - Le Petit Gironde[8]
- Daniel Berthet[9]
- Burnett Bolloten - Associated Press[10] or United Press[11]
- Franz Borkenau - London Daily Express, Austrian journalist who went on to write The Spanish Cockpit[12]
- Georges Botto - Havas Agency[8]
- Rene Brut[9]
- Henry Buckley - Daily Telegraph and the Observer[1]
- M. J. Buckley - Cork Examiner[13]
C
- Harold Cardozo - Daily Mail[2]
- William P. Carney - was one of the New York Times correspondents reporting from the Nationalist side.[14][15][16]
- Claud Cockburn (under the pseudonym Frank Pitcairn) - Daily Worker and The Week[17]
- Mathieu Corman[18] - Ce Soir
- Félix Correia - the Portuguese Diario de Lisboa[1]
- Virginia Cowles - Hearst Publications[19]
- Geoffrey Cox - News Chronicle[20] and the Daily Express[21]
D
- Marcel Dany[9]
- Frances Davis - Chicago Daily News[19]
- Louis Delaprée - Paris-Soir[12]
- Sefton Delmer - London Daily Express[12]
- Jean D’Hospital[12] - Havas Agency
- Shiela Grant Duff - Chicago Daily News[22]
F
- Ladislas Farago - New York Times[17]
- Lawrence A. Fernsworth[23] - New York Times. He also wrote for The Times and America[1]
- Louis Fischer - New York's The Nation and London's New Statesman and Nation[1]
- Lionel Fleming - Irish Times[24]
- Charles Foltz - Associated Press[6]
- William Forrest - Daily Express[1]
G
- Gertrude Gaffney - Irish Independent[25]
- O. D. Gallagher - London Daily Express[17]
- Cecil Gerahty - Special Correspondent for the Daily Mail[11]
- Martha Gellhorn - Collier's Weekly, accompanied by her future husband Ernest Hemingway
- Floyd Gibbons - International News Service[17]
- Hank Gorrell - United Press[17][26][27]
- Gerda Grepp - Arbeiderbladet[1]
- Nordahl Grieg[28]
H
- Frank Hanighen - the Daily Express[1]
- Ernest Hemingway - North American Newspaper Alliance[17]
- Pierre Héricourt - Action française[8]
- William Hillman - Hearst Press correspondent[29]
- James Holburn - temporary correspondent for The Times with the Nationalist forces[30]
- Christopher Holme[12] - Reuters
- Langston Hughes reported from the Abraham Lincoln Brigade[31] for the Baltimore Afro-American
J
- Frank Jellinek - Manchester Guardian[13]
- Bradish Johnson - Newsweek and The Spur, killed by an exploding shell near Teruel,[32]
- Bertrand de Jouvenel - Paris-Soir[12]
K
- Peter Kerrigan - Daily Worker[33]
- Frank L. Kluckhohn[29] was one of the New York Times correspondents reporting from the Nationalist side.[17]
- H. R. Knickerbocker (Pulitzer Prize-winner) - the Hearst Press correspondent[17][29]
- H. Edward Knoblaugh - Associated Press[34]
- Arthur Koestler - News Chronicle[20] and Pester Lloyd
- Mikhail Koltsov for Pravda[1]
L
- John Langdon-Davies - News Chronicle[35]
- Roman Lechter - Polish Naje Presse
- Lise Lindbæk - Dagbladet
- Rupert Lockwood was the accredited correspondent for the Melbourne Herald[36]
M
- Gault MacGowan - New York Sun[17]
- Henri Malet-Dauban[1] Havas Agency
- Richard Massock - Associated Press[8]
- Max Massot - Le Journal[8]
- Herbert Matthews was the New York Times[6] correspondent on the Republican side
- Francis McCullagh - Irish Independent[37]
- Webb Miller - United Press[17]
- James M. Minifie - New York Herald-Tribune[27]
- Noel Monks - London Daily Express[17]
- Indro Montanelli for Il Messaggero[1]
- Alan Moorehead - London Daily Express[36]
- Curio Mortari - La Stampa[1]
N
- Edward J. (Eddie) Neil - Associated Press, killed by an exploding shell near Teruel,[32] December 1937
- Mário Neves - the Portuguese Diario de Lisboa - Neves entered Badajoz after the fall of the city in the early morning of 15 August, together with Daniel Berthet and Marcel Dany.[1][9]
- Robert Neville - the New York Herald-Tribune[29]
- Joseph North - Daily Worker and New Masses[33]
- Leopoldo Nunes, - O Século[1]
P
- Eleanor Packard - United Press[19]
- Reynolds Packard - New York Herald-Tribune[27]
- Irving Pflaum[38]
- Kim Philby - The Times' accredited special correspondent with the Nationalist forces[17]
- Percival Phillips - The Daily Telegraph[17]
R
- Gustav Regler - Deutsche Zentral-Zeitung
- F. A. Rice - the Morning Post[12]
- Karl Robson - Daily Express[1]
- Edwin Rolfe - Daily Worker and New Masses[33]
- Esmond Romilly - News Chronicle[22]
- Kajsa Rothman – Karlstads-Tidningen[1]
S
- Cedric Salter – Daily Telegraph, News Chronicle and Daily Mail[17]
- Victor Schiff - Daily Herald[30]
- K. Scott-Watson[38]
- George Seldes[39] - New York Post[1]
- Ernest Sheepshanks - Reuters, killed by an exploding shell near Teruel,[32]
- Alex Small[40] - the Chicago Tribune
- Sidney Smith - Daily Express[30]
- George Steer, of The Times[11] witnessed and reported on the bombing of Guernica.[41] Left to join The Daily Telegraph[17]
- William F. Stirling was a temporary correspondent for The Times.[1]
- Leland Stowe - Herald Tribune[17]
- Joseph Swire[38]
- Roland Strunk - Völkischer Beobachter[42]
T
V
- Ferenc Vajta[43]
W
- Scott Watson - Daily Herald[30]
- Dennis Weaver[27] - News Chronicle
- John T. Whitaker - New York Herald Tribune[17]
- Karl H. Von Wiegand - International News Service[17]
- Elizabeth Wilkinson - Daily Worker[22]
- Tom Wintringham - the Daily Worker[12] and Picture Post[44]
Y
- Jan H. Yindrich[38] United Press
Z
Photographers
Photographers included Robert Capa, who was accompanied by his partner and photo-journalist Gerda Taro, who died at Brunete in July 1937,[46] Hans Namuth, and Georg Reisner[47] who covered the conflict for the French illustrated magazine Vu, the same journal that would publish Capa’s famous photograph of Federico Borrell García, known as The Falling Soldier.[47]
Incidents involving correspondents
- Gerda Taro dies on 26 July 1937, after an "accident" during the battle of Brunete, Spain
- In December 1937, near Teruel, a shell exploded just in front of the car in which Kim Philby, The Times' accredited special correspondent with the Nationalist forces, was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. (Eddie) Neil of Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks of Reuters.[5] While Philby suffered only a minor head wound, Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their wounds.
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 Preston, Paul. We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War. Constable. 2008
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Preston, Paul. We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War., p. 43. Constable. 2008
- ↑ Preston, Paul. We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War., p. 69. Constable. 2008
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "When Reporters Chose Sides: Spain Looks Back at Its Civil War" The New York Times
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Boston University Theology Library Archives
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Southworth, Herbert Rutledge Conspiracy and the Spanish Civil War: the brainwashing of Francisco Franco Routledge, 2002 ISBN 0-415-22781-X, 9780415227810 at Google Books
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 Paul Preston Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War Instituto Cervantes (in Spanish)
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Stradling, R. A. The Irish and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39: crusades in conflict Manchester University Press, 1999 ISBN 1-901341-13-5, ISBN 978-1-901341-13-3 at Google Books
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 Roth, Mitchel P. Historical dictionary of war journalism Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997 ISBN 0-313-29171-3, ISBN 978-0-313-29171-5 at Google Books
- ↑ Patterson, Ian Guernica and total war Harvard University Press, 2007 ISBN 0-674-02484-2, ISBN 978-0-674-02484-7 at Google Books
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Obituary: Times
- ↑ Graham, Helen The Spanish Republic at war, 1936-1939 Cambridge University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-521-45932-X, 9780521459327 at Google Books
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ McGarry, Fearghal Irish politics and the Spanish Civil War Cork University Press, 1999 ISBN 1-85918-239-9, ISBN 978-1-85918-239-0 at Google Books
- ↑ Henry T. Gorrell's wartime memoir, Soldier of the Press, Covering the Front From Europe to North Africa, 1936-1943 was completed in 1943 but published for the first time in 2009 by the University of Missouri Press. The first chapters cover Gorrell's experiences in and around Madrid.[1]
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Bowers, Claude G. My Mission to Spain Simon and Schuster New York 1954 Claude G. Bowers, former United States Ambassador to Spain
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Gannes, Harry & Repard, Theodore Spain in Revolt 1936 Left Book Club Edition, Victor Gollancz Ltd
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Buchanan, Tom The impact of the Spanish Civil War on Britain: war, loss and memory Sussex Academic Press, 2007 ISBN 1-84519-127-7, ISBN 978-1-84519-127-6 at Google Books
- ↑ Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Hemingway, Ernest & Federal Bureau of Investigation Ernest Hemingway: The FBI Files Filiquarian Publishing, LLC., 2007 ISBN 1-59986-244-1, ISBN 978-1-59986-244-6 at Google Books
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Studies Issue 390, vol.98, Summer 2009
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Review of Telegram from Guernica: the extraordinary life of George Steer, war correspondent in the New Statesman 24 March 2003.
- ↑ Esenwein, George Richard The Spanish Civil War: a modern tragedy Routledge, 2005 ISBN 0-415-20417-8, ISBN 978-0-415-20417-0 at Google Books
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Source: The Digital Journalist Internet site. [2]
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
