List of manned spacecraft

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This is a list of Human spaceflight types, including space stations, sorted by nation and series in chronological order. Canceled programs are listed at the end.

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Comparison

Scaled comparison of manned spacecraft, including names, manufacturers, and dates of operation
Scaled comparison of manned spacecraft, including names, manufacturers, and dates of operation

Current human spacecraft

Soyuz-TMA spacecraft
Shenzhou spacecraft

Orbital

Russian

  • Soyuz (1967–present) 2 or 3 person Earth orbital;[1] fourth and fifth generations continued operation by Russian Federation

Chinese

  • Shenzhou (2003–present) 3 person Earth orbital craft

Space stations

International Space Station

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Former human spacecraft

Orbital

Soviet/Russian

Apollo 17 spacecraft
  • Vostok (1961–1963) single-person Earth orbital craft[2]
  • Voskhod (1964–1965) 2 or 3 person Vostok derivative[3]

American

Space stations

Suborbital

Proposed or in development

Orbital

Orion ground test article
Dragon spacecraft during an uncrewed cargo mission to the ISS

Russian

American

European

Japanese

Indian

Iranian

British

  • Skylon (unpiloted reusable spaceplane with possible Passenger Module, engine in development)

Suborbital

SpaceShipTwo with mothership in hangar

Russian

American

Canadian

  • DreamSpace Group's XF1 (suborbital, proposed)[13]

Romanian

  • Stabilo (suborbital, in development)
  • Orizont (suborbital, in development)

Danish

French

British

Argentine

AATE VESA (Spanish for Argentine Suborbital Space Vehicle) "Gauchito"[citation needed]

Uganda

African Space Research Program (Ugandian Suborbital Space Vehicle) "African Skyhawk" (in development), "Dynacraft Spaceship" (project)[citation needed]

Cancelled

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Joint NASA / United States Air Force

Joint NASA / European Space Agency (ESA)

  • X-38 (canceled 1999) lifting body crew-rescue vehicle for ISS

Soviet space program

  • Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda[14] (1962-1968; military researching ship)
  • Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) part of the abandoned Soviet manned lunar flyby program[citation needed]
  • Soyuz L3 spacecraft (late 1960s to early 1970s); part of the abandoned Soviet manned lunar landing program (The LOK would carry two cosmonauts into orbit around the Moon, acting as "mother" spacecraft for the LK Lander, which would land one member of the crew to the surface)[citation needed]
  • Spiral-EPOS (also known as EPOS – Russian acronym for Experimental Passenger Orbital Aircraft – canceled 1976)[15]
  • Shuttle Buran (1976-1988) canceled after one unmanned orbital flight[16]
  • Strelec (Archer; 1979 - 1991) universal military 3 person spaceship - tank, which was created within the project of cosmical complex Sapfir (Sapphire, project canceled)[17]
  • Zarya (project canceled 1989)
  • MAKS (project canceled 1991)

Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA)

  • Kliper (government funding canceled 2006)

European Space Agency (ESA)

Space stations

China National Space Administration (CNSA)

UK

Japan

National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA)

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Other Japan

Notes

  1. Gatland, pp.148-165
  2. Gatland, pp.109-115
  3. Gatland, pp.131-113
  4. Gatland, pp.148, 151-165
  5. Gatland, pp.166-185, 266-275
  6. Gatland, pp.190, 278-280
  7. Gatland, pp.191, 207, 283, 284
  8. Gatland, pp.229-246
  9. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. [1]
  12. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. [2]
  15. [3]
  16. [4]
  17. [5]

References

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