List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field

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Those known as the father, mother, or considered a founder in a Humanities field are those who have made important contributions to that field. In some fields several people are considered the founders, while in others the title of being the "father" is debatable.

Humanities fields

Arts

Subject Father / mother Reason
Anime Ōten Shimokawa
Jun'ichi Kōuchi
Seitaro Kitayama[1]
Danish painting Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard[2]
Modern fashion photography Norman Parkinson[3] For taking his models and photoshoots beyond the confines of the studio.
Gothic architecture Abbot Suger[4] Built the first Gothic church at the Abbey of St Dennis
Manga Osamu Tezuka[5]
Oil painting Jan van Eyck[6] For experimenting with the medium to remarkable effect
Photojournalism Mathew Brady[7]
Pop art Richard Hamilton[8]
Scottish country dancing Francis Peacock[9]
Stop-motion clay animation Art Clokey[10]

Communication

Subject Father / mother Reason
Spam Gary Thuerk[11][12] Penned the first message that advertised the availability of a new model of Digital Equipment Corporation computers to 393 recipients on ARPANET in 1978.[13]

History

Subject Father / mother Reason
Ecclesiastical history Eusebius of Caesarea[14] Because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church
French history André Duchesne[14]
Historiography Ibn Khaldun[15] Muqaddimah (Prolegomena) (1377)
History Herodotus[16][17]
Thucydides		 The Histories
History of the Peloponnesian War
History of science George Sarton[18] Founded Isis (1912) and wrote Introduction to the History of Science (1927)
Modern history Leonardo Bruni[19]
Philosophy of history Ibn Khaldun[20] Muqaddimah (Prolegomena) (1377)
Public administration Woodrow Wilson[21] "The Study of Administration" in Political Science Quarterly, June 1887.

Justice

Subject Father / mother Reason
Criminal identification Alphonse Bertillon[22] Created a database for criminals

Language and literature

Subject Father / mother Reason
American folklore Richard Dorson[23]
American literature Mark Twain[24]
English literature Geoffrey Chaucer[25]
English poetry Geoffrey Chaucer[14]
Epic poetry Homer[14][17]
Finnish written language Mikael Agricola[26]
German literature Gotthold Ephraim Lessing[14]
Grammar Pāṇini[27] Wrote the Ashtadhyayi
Greek tragedy Aeschylus[14]
Modern Hebrew language Eliezer Ben Yehuda[28]
Italian language Dante Alighieri[29]
Italian literature Dante Alighieri[29]
Letters (messages) Francis I of France[14]
Linguistics (early) Pāṇini[30] Wrote the Ashtadhyayi
Linguistics (modern)

Ferdinand de Saussure[31][32]
Noam Chomsky[33][34]
Modern fantasy literature J. R. R. Tolkien[35]
Novel Homer[36]
Science fiction Mary Shelley

Lucian of Samosata[37]

Jules Verne[38][39]

H. G. Wells[38][39]
Science fiction magazine Hugo Gernsback[40]
Spanish language Antonio de Nebrija[41]
Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq[42]

Law

Subject Father / mother Reason
European patent law Kurt Haertel[43][44]
International law Alberico Gentili[45]
Francisco de Vitoria
Hugo Grotius		 For speculating on human rights and the proper relations that ought to exist between nations
Russian jurisprudence Semyon Efimovich Desnitsky[46] Russian social and political theorist (18th century)
United States Constitution James Madison[47] He played a large role in its drafting and ratification. One of the authors of The Federalist.[48] Also drafter of the Bill of Rights.

Music

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See also: Honorific nicknames in popular music
Subject Father / mother Reason
Ambient music Erik Satie[49]
American music Stephen Foster[50] Recognized internationally for his compositions which are still being performed in various venues. His most notable works include Oh Susanna, Camptown Races and Old Folks at Home.
American piano manufacture Jonas Chickering[51]
Blues Ma Rainey[52]
Bluegrass music Bill Monroe[53]
Chicago blues / electric blues Muddy Waters[54]
Contemporary a cappella Deke Sharon[55][56]
Country music Jimmie Rodgers[57][58][59]
Death metal Chuck Schuldiner[60][61][62]
Disco Mel Cheren (Godfather)[63]
Giorgio Moroder[64]
English cathedral music Thomas Tallis[14]
Funk George Clinton ("Godfather")[65]
Gospel music Thomas A. Dorsey[66]
Gothic rock Peter Murphy ("Godfather")[67][68]
G-Funk Dr. Dre[citation needed]
Greek music Terpander[14]
Grunge Neil Young[69]
Heavy metal Ozzy Osbourne/Tony Iommi[70][71] Both are also known as "godfathers of heavy metal".
Italo disco Alexander Robotnick (Godfather)[72]
Punk rock Patti Smith (godmother)[73]
Jazz Buddy Bolden[74]
Jelly Roll Morton[75]
Theodore August Metz[76]
Modern jazz piano Earl "Fatha" Hines[77]
Reggae Frederick "Toots" Hibbert[citation needed]
Rock and roll Chuck Berry[78]
Rock music in China Cui Jian[79]
Soul music James Brown (godfather)[80]
Symphony and string quartet Joseph Haydn[81][82][83]
Thrash metal James Hetfield[84]

Performance art

Subject Father / mother Reason
Vogue Willi Ninja[85] Godfather[86][87]

Philosophy and religion

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See also: List of founders of religious traditions and Church fathers
Subject Father / mother Reason
Anarchism Mikhail Bakunin[88]
Behaviorism John B. Watson[89]
Cynicism (school of thought) Diogenes of Sinope[90]
Epicureanism Epicurus[90]
Epistemology Xenophanes[91]
Existentialism Søren Kierkegaard[92]
Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft[93][94]
Faith missions Anthony Norris Groves[95]
Humanism Petrarch[96][97]
Islamic logic Al-Farabi[98]
Liberalism Baruch Spinoza[99]
Logical positivism Moritz Schlick[100]
Methodism John Wesley[101]
Moral philosophy Thomas Aquinas[14]
Protestantism (Lutheranism) Martin Luther[102]
Scholasticism John Scotus Erigena[103]

Lanfranc of Canterbury[103]
Anselm of Canterbury[103]
Peter Abelard[103]

Book: Sic et non
Scholasticism (Protestant) Hugo Grotius[104]
Secularism Averroes[105]
Socialism Karl Marx[106]
Robert Owen[107]
Thomism Thomas Aquinas[14]
Zionism Theodor Herzl[108]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ "Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ [1]. "that van Eyck—"the father of oil painting"—exploited the new medium and his own patient talent to paint Arnolfini by traditional methods."
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9046419/Unsung_innovators_Gary_Thuerk_the_father_of_spam
  12. ↑ http://www.esecurityplanet.com/trends/article.php/3438651/Father-of-Spam-Speaks-Out-on-His-Legacy.htm
  13. ↑ At 30, Spam Going Nowhere Soon - Interviews with Gary Thuerk and Joel Furr
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ S. Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-356-9.
  16. ↑ Cicero, De legibus I,5.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ James Hankins (ed.). History of the Florentine People, See "Editor Introduction".
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Bragdon (1967), Woodrow Wilson: The Academic Years
  22. ↑ http://jimfisher.edinboro.edu/forensics/bertillon1.html
  23. ↑ Nichols, Amber M. Richard M. Dorson. Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum. URL accessed April 21, 2006.
  24. ↑ William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American literature". Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Geoffrey Chaucer
  26. ↑ A Great Man of Finland's History, at "Agricola 2007 Anniversary" site (in Finnish) of University of Turku, Finland
  27. ↑ Grammar Development Process. Xambala: The Semantic Processing Company.
  28. ↑ "Eliezer Ben Yehuda." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004. Retrieved July 04, 2010 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404700591.html
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 [2] Encyclopædia Britannica
  30. ↑ Mark Brasher, PhD. Different language / different epistemology?, TransPacific Hawaii College.
  31. ↑ An outline of the history of linguistics
  32. ↑ Ferdinand de Saussure
  33. ↑ Thomas Tymoczko, Jim Henle, James M. Henle Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic, Birkhäuser, 2000, p. 101
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. p. 1, introduction says T. E. Lawrence and W. H. D. Rouse (the translator) "found him the father of the modern novel."
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 27: "The classical author most consistently cited as a 'father of science fiction' is Lucian..."
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Adam Charles Roberts (2000), "The History of Science Fiction": Page 48 in Science Fiction, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-19204-8
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Magic Dragon Multimedia. Timeline of 19th Century Science Fiction.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ [3]: "(Baba-e-Urdu) Maulvi Abdul Haq"
  43. ↑ (German) Munich's official internet site, Straßenneubenennung Kurt-Haertel-Passage. Consulted on June 19, 2007.
  44. ↑ (German) Web site of the Kurt-Haertel-Institut für geistiges Eigentum an der FernUniversität in Hagen, Kurt Haertel. Consulted on June 19, 2007.
  45. ↑ Woods, Thomas. How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization, pp. 5–6. (Washington, DC: Regenery, 2005); ISBN 0-89526-038-7.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ CD Baby: ALESSANDRA CELLETTI PLAYS SATIE: Esotérik Satie
  50. ↑ The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster, National Public Radio, April 16, 2010.
  51. ↑ http://www.npg.si.edu/docs/aapexplorers.pdf
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 10, "Years later, as a Paramount recording star, Ma Rainey would be touted as 'the Mother of the Blues,' a title no doubt dreamed up by some press agent, but generally true in historical terms."
  53. ↑ Country Music Hall of Fame article on Monroe.
  54. ↑ "McKinley Morganfield a/k/a "Muddy Waters" was the 'Father of Chicago Blues'", [4]
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ the official Jimmie Rodgers website
  58. ↑ Father of Country Music - Amazon.com (record)
  59. ↑ Jimmie Rodgers: The Father of Country Music - Mississippi History Now
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Metal Rules Interview with Chuck Schuldiner
  62. ↑ The Best Of NAMM 2008: Jimmy Page, Satriani Models Among The Highlights | News @ Ultimate-Guitar.Com
  63. ↑ "The entrepreneur Mel Cheren, nicknamed "the Godfather of disco", played a crucial role in the evolution of dance music." Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Johnson, Jeff. (2001). "Godfather of Funk still tears the roof off", Chicago Sun-Time, 01 July.
  66. ↑ Thomas A. Dorsey: From "Barrelhouse Tommy" to the Father of Gospel Music. Honky Tonks, Hymns & The Blues. Retrieved on 2009-03-28.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Neil Young: Godfather of Grunge?
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Tony Iommi: The Eternal Idol - http://www.guitarworld.com/tony-iommi-eternal-idol
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz.
  76. ↑ "Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.
  77. ↑ Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Gunde, Richard. [2002] (2002) Culture and Customs of China. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30876-4
  80. ↑ Godfather of Soul - website
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. p.79: "For years, the name 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer."
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."
  83. ↑
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ CD Baby: ALESSANDRA CELLETTI PLAYS SATIE: Esotérik Satie
  86. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ Wozniak, R. H. (1997). "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., & Early, C.E. (Eds.). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Chicago: Quintessence. "To later generations of psychologists... Watson would become known as the 'father of behaviorism'."
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Rothbard, p 20
  91. ↑ http://cloudchronicler.net/2010/06/21/xenophanes-father-of-epistemology/
  92. ↑ Bretall, Robert Ed. "A Kierkegaard Anthology". Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973. p. xviii.
  93. ↑ Wozniak, Jone Johnson Lewis "Women's History Guide."
  94. ↑ Cork Multitext Project, The History Department, University College Cork "Movements for Political & Social Reform, 1870–1914."
  95. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. ↑ Petrarch
  97. ↑ Rereading the Renaissance: Petrarch, Augustine, and the Language of Humanism
  98. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  99. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  100. ↑ Murzi, Mauro (2006). The Philosophy of Logical Positivism. Page 26. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  101. ↑ General Board of Discipleship of the United Methodist Church, A List of Books and Other Resources About John Wesley [5], "John Wesley, the Father of Methodism..."
  102. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483–1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  104. ↑ Rothbard, p 314
  105. ↑ Majid Fakhry (2001). Averroes: His Life, Works and Influence. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-269-4.
  106. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  107. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  108. ↑ Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism
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